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The virulence regulator AbsR in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli has pleiotropic effects on bacterial physiology

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 649-668页

作者： Dongfang Zhao Haobo Zhang Xinyang Zhang Fengwei Jiang Yijing Li Wentong Cai Ganwu Li State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China College of veterinary Medicine Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150038China National Animal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Division of Zoonoses SurveillanceChina Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao 266032China Department of veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011-1134the United States

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC)belonging to extraintestinal pathogenic ***(ExPEC)can cause severe infections in extraintestinal tissues in birds and humans,such as the lungs and ***(microcin production regulation,locus A,herein renamed AbsR,a blood survival regulator),a member of the MarR(multiple antibiotic resistance regulator)transcriptional regulator family,governs the expression of capsule biosynthetic genes in human ExPEC and represents a promising druggable target for ***,a deep understanding of the AbsR regulatory mechanism as well as its regulon is *** this study,we present a systems-level analysis of the APEC AbsR regulon using ChIP-Seq(chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing)and RNA-Seq(RNA sequencing)*** found that AbsR directly regulates 99 genes and indirectly regulates 667 ***,we showed that:1)AbsR contributes to antiphagocytotic effects by macrophages and virulence in a mouse model for systemic infection by directly activating the capsular gene cluster;2)AbsR positively impacts biofilm formation via direct regulation of the T2SS(type II secretion system)but plays a marginal role in virulence;and 3)AbsR directly upregulates the acid tolerance signaling system EvgAS to withstand acid stress but is dispensable in ExPEC ***,our data indicate that the role of AbsR in virulence gene regulation is relatively conserved in ExPEC ***,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the AbsR regulon and regulatory mechanism,and our data suggest that AbsR likely influences virulence primarily through the control of capsule ***,we found that AbsR severely represses the expression of the type I-F CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas(CRISPR associated)systems,which could have implications in CRISPR biology and application.

关键词： avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli(ExPEC) AbsR RNA-Seq ChIP-Seq gene regulation

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A novel live attenuated vaccine candidate protects chickens against subtype B avian metapneumovirus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1658-1670页

作者： Lingzhai Meng Mengmeng Yu Suyan Wang Yuntong Chen Yuanling Bao Peng Liu Xiaoyan Feng Tana He Ru Guo Tao Zhang Mingxue Hu Changjun Liu Xiaole Qi Kai Li Li Gao Yanping Zhang Hongyu Cui Yulong Gao Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases division State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin150069China Avian ImmunosuppressiveDiseases DivisionStateKey LaboratoryforAnimal Disease Cont National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center Harbin 150069China

Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes acute upper respiratory tract diseases in chickens and turkeys, resulting in serious economic losses. Subtype B aMPV has recently become the dominant epidemic strain in China. We developed an attenuated aMPV subtype B strain by serial passaging in Vero cells and evaluated its safety and efficacy as a vaccine candidate. The safety test showed that after the 30th passage, the LN16-A strain was fully attenuated, as clinical signs of infection and histological lesions were absent after *** LN16-A strain did not revert to a virulent strain after five serial passages in chickens. The genomic sequence of LN16-A differed from that of the parent wild-type LN16(wtLN16) strain and had nine amino acid mutations. In chickens, a single immunization with LN16-A induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including the abundant production of neutralizing antibodies, CD4^(+) T lymphocytes, and the Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4 and IL-6)cytokines. We also confirmed that LN16-A provided 100% protection against subtype B aMPV and significantly reduced viral shedding and turbinate inflammation. Our findings suggest that the LN16-A strain is a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate that can prevent infection with subtype B aMPV.

关键词： avian metapneumovirus attenuated protection vaccine candidate chickens

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Joint deletion of multifunctional MGF505-7R and H240R genes generates a safe and effective African swine fever virus attenuated live vaccine candidate

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 355-357页

作者： Changjiang Weng Li Huang Guangqiang Ye division of Fundamental Immunology National African Swine Fever Para-reference LaboratoryState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of veterinary Immunology Harbin 150069China

African swine fever(ASF)caused by the ASF virus(ASFV)is a highly contagious disease of pigs and wild ***,there are no safe,effective commercial vaccines *** genome of ASFV HLJ/18 contains more than 180 genes,including a few virulence-related *** these key virulence genes through individual deletion and subsequent pathogenicity testing in pigs is a laborious *** addition,some ASFV genes are indispensable for viral replication and cannot be *** the past 30 years,scientists have confirmed that certain ASFV genes particularly those host antiviral innate immune responses,are associated with the virulence of ASFV *** knockout of these genes does not impact viral replication,it does attenuate the virulence of ASFV in *** immunized with these live attenuated vaccine candidates can provide partial or complete *** on these findings,we propose a new concept that ASFV immunomodulatory genes involved in type I interferon(IFN)production,IFN-JAK-STAT signaling,inflammatory responses,cell death(involved in apoptosis,necrosis,and pyroptosis),and autophagy may be related to the pathogenicity of *** unbiased screening may identify more ASFV immunomodulatory or multifunctional genes,simplifying the confirmation of ASFV virulence-related *** line with these theories,we have identified MGF505-7R and H240R as key virulence genes determining the pathogenicity of the ASFV HLJ/18 *** of MGF505-7R,H240R alone or both attenuate the virulence of ASFV HLJ/18 in pigs,providing a paradigm for developing attenuated live vaccines from basic research results.

关键词： attenuated fever swine

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Excipient effect on antimicrobial activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zelylanicum album) oil, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) oil

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Infectious Diseases Research 2024年第1期5卷 27-31页

作者： Bhoj R Singh Shiv Varan Singh Ravikant Agarwal Akanksha Yadav division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India division of Bacteriology and Mycology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India division of Livestock Products Technology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India.

Background:Many herbal essential oils are potential antimicrobials but their pharmaceutical utility is restricted due to a lack of suitable excipients to mollify their dermatotoxicity and irritant property,and outcome of their therapeutic use may vary with different diluents ***:Effect of 16 diluents(dimethyl sulfoxide,liquid paraffin,glycerine,oils of mustard,sunflower,rice bran,palm,groundnut,olive,coconut,sesame,avocado,jojoba,castor,linseed and soybean)was assessed on antimicrobial activity of 2%cinnamon(Cinnamomum zelylanicum album),thyme(Thymus vulgaris)and ajowan(Trachyspermum ammi)oils using agar well diffusion *** effect of excipients was evaluated on six Candida albicans,five Escherichia coli,four Acinetobacter lwoffii,two strains each of Staphylococcus aureus,Enterobacter agglomerans,and Enterococcus faecium and one strain each of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus,Escherichia fergusonii,Klebsiella oxytoca,*** ***,Leclercia adecarboxylata,Paenibacillus amylolyticus,Proteus mirabilis,***,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Raoultella terrigena,Staphylococcus capitis ***,***,***,*** and Streptococcus ***:Thyme oil(2%)maintained it antimicrobial activity on dilution in dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerine,and ajowan oil(2%)completely lost its antibacterial activity in all diluents except dimethyl ***,cinnamon oil partially lost its antimicrobial activity upon dilution in glycerine,vegetable,and mineral oils in comparison to dimethyl *** oil was the best vegetable oil,almost comparable to dimethyl sulfoxide and castor oil was the worst diluent for maintaining antimicrobial activity of cinnamon ***:The study indicated the non-suitability of vegetable oils for pharmaceutical formulations of essential oils except olive oil for dilution of cinnamon oil and glycerol for thyme oil to replace dimethyl sulfoxide as diluent.

关键词： essential oils herbal antimicrobials herbal drug-resistance Bacteria Candida

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A comparative study on antimicrobial susceptibility of uroculturome of humans in health and urinary tract infections

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Infectious Diseases Research 2024年第3期5卷 9-21页

作者： Bhoj Raj Singh Himani Agri division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagar 243122India

Background:The uroculturome indicates the profile of culturable microbes inhabiting the urinary tract,and it is often required to do a urine culture to find an effective antimicrobial to treat urinary tract infections(UTIs).Methods:This study targeted to understand the profile of culturable pathogens in the urine of apparently healthy(128)and humans with clinical UTIs(161)and their antimicrobial *** the urine samples were analyzed to quantify microbial load and determine the diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of microbes following standard microbiological ***:In urine samples from UTI cases,microbial counts were 1.2×10^(4)±6.02×10^(3) colony-forming units(cfu)/mL,while in urine samples from apparently healthy humans,the average count was 3.33±1.34×10^(3) cfu/*** eight samples(six from UTI cases and two from apparently healthy people,Candida(*** 3,*** 1,*** 1,*** 1,*** 1,*** 1)and Rhizopus species(1)were *** krusei was detected only in a single urine sample from a healthy person and *** was detected both in urine of healthy and clinical UTI ***-positive(G+ve)bacteria were more commonly(Odds ratio,1.98;CI99,1.01-3.87)detected in urine samples of apparently healthy humans,and Gram-negative(G−ve)bacteria(Odds ratio,2.74;CI99,1.44-5.23)in urines of UTI *** urine samples of 161 UTI cases,a total of 90 different types of microbes were detected and,73 samples had only a single type of *** contrast,49,29,3,4,1,and 2 samples had 2,3,4,5,6 and 7 types of bacteria,*** most common bacteria detected in urine of UTI cases was Escherichia coli(52 samples),in 20 cases as the single type of bacteria,other 34 types of bacteria were detected in pure form in 53 *** 128 urine samples of apparently healthy people,88 types of microbes were detected either singly or in association with others,from 64 urine samples only a single type of bact

关键词： uro-microbiome UTI antibiotic susceptibility testing herbal antimicrobials ESBL carbapenem resistance MDR multiple herbal drug resistance

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Comparative antimicrobial activity in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Heifers’ urine and urine distillate

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Infectious Diseases Research 2024年第1期5卷 32-39页

作者： Bhoj R Singh Himani Agri Dayanath Balusamy Akanksha Yadav Varsha Jayakumar division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India.

Background:Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)reared for milk and meat,especially in Northern *** are so many studies on the antimicrobial potential of the cow(Bos indicus)urine but buffalo urine has rarely been *** study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in whole buffalo urine and its ***:Urine specimens were collected from seven Murrah buffalo heifers in the morning over three days from all seven heifers and distillated to prepare urine distillate(UD).The antimicrobial activity was determined through 96 well microplate method diluting(1:1)urine and UD in Mueller Hinton liquid medium against 919 microbial strains belonging to 148 species of 49 genera(Candia,11 genera of Gram+ve bacteria,37 genera of Gram-ve bacteria).The test strains were taken from the repository,revived and tested for purity before *** test strains were of clinical origin(372),environmental origin(496)and also from reference strain repositories(51).Results:Of the 919 test strains,a total of 57.89%and 56.04%of the tested strains were susceptible to UD and urine,*** was a no significant(p>0.4)difference in the antimicrobial activity of UD and urine against 919 strains of microbes,regardless of their genus,species,and Gram staining ***,there was no significant(p>0.4)difference between the susceptibility of bacterial and Candida strains to UD or ***,strains of clinical origin were more often resistant to buffalo UD and urine(p0.05).A significantly(p<0.01)higher proportion of reference strains was susceptible to UD and urine than microbial strains of clinical and environmental *** buffalo urine and UD,the most susceptible strains were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(13/13)followed by Citrobacter freundii(8/10);Salmonella enterica ***(21/27),Geobacillus stearothermo

关键词： Bubalus bubalis Edwardsiella tarda Entereococcus faecium Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Raoultella terrigena Salmonella enteric

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Characterization of a pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related virus isolate that uses the human ACE2 receptor

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1502-1513页

作者： Luo-Yuan Xia Xue-Feng Wang Xiao-Ming Cui Yi-Ming Zhang Zhen-Fei Wang En-Tao Li Chang-Fa Fan Ke Song Yuan-Guo Li Run-Ze Ye Fang-Xu Li Dai-Yun Zhu Jie Zhang Zhuang-Zhuang Shi Ming-Zhu Zhang Liang-Jing Li Shi-Jing Shen Song Jin Ya-Wei Zhang Wei-Guang Fu Lin Zhao Wen-Hao Wang Tie-Cheng Wang You-Chun Wang Jia-Fu Jiang Yan-Ling Hu Na Jia Yu-Wei Gao Wu-Chun Cao Institute of Ecohealth School of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Changchun veterinary Research Institute Changchun 130122China State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing 100071China division of Animal Model Research Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijing 102629China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629China Life Sciences Institute Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530020China College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100071China

Various SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses have been increasingly identified in pangolins,showing a potential threat to *** we report the infectivity and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2-related virus,PCoV-GX/P2V,which was isolated from a Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica).PCoV-GX/P2V could grow in human hepatoma,colorectal adenocarcinoma cells,and human primary nasal epithelial *** replicated more efficiently in cells expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)as SARS-CoV-2 *** intranasal inoculation to the hACE2-transgenic mice,PCoV-GX/P2V not only replicated in nasal turbinate and lungs,but also caused interstitial pneumonia,characterized by infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells and multifocal alveolar *** population immunity established by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may not protect people from PCoV-GX/P2V *** findings further verify the hACE2 utility of PCoV-GX/P2V by in vivo experiments using authentic viruses and highlight the importance for intensive surveillance to prevent possible cross-species transmission.

关键词： pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related virus infectivity pathogenicity human cell lines human ACE2 receptor hACE2-transgenic mice

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Adding chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract in diluent and thawing temperatures ameliorate the post-thawed quality of Boer buck semen

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第1期13卷 42-48页

作者： Suherni Susilowati Imam Mustofa Tri Wahyu Suparyogi Adeyinka Oye Akintunde Djoko Agus Purwanto Wurlina Wurlina Suzanita Utama Sri Mulyati division of veterinary Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversitas AirlanggaKampus C UnairMulyorejoSurabaya 60115Indonesia Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology Babcock UniversityIlishan-RemoOgun State 121103Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas AirlanggaKampus C MulyorejoSurabaya 601155East JavaIndonesia

Objective:To improve the quality of post-thawing Boer buck semen for artificial insemination by adding green tea extract chitosan nanoparticles to skimmed egg yolk diluent,and the proper thawing ***:The ejaculate of Boer buck was added to skimmed egg yolk diluent without(the control group)and with adding 1μg of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract per mL of diluent(the treatment group).Then,the diluted semen was filled in French mini straws containing 60×106 live sperm per straw,frozen in a standard protocol,and stored as frozen semen at−196℃for a *** replicates from each group were diluted for 30 s at 37℃or 39℃sterile water to evaluate the semen ***:Post-thawing(at 37℃or 39℃)of live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane integrity were lower compared to those of the pre-freezing stage(P0.05).The live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane of the treatment group in the pre-freezing stage,and post-thawed at 39℃were higher compared to those of the control group(P0.05).Conclusions:Higher quality post-thawing Boer buck semen is achieved by adding 1μg/mL of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract to the skimmed egg yolk diluent and thawing at 39℃.

关键词： Boer buck semen Chitosan nanoparticles Semen diluent Higher post-thawing semen quality Prevent undernutrition

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Effect of Mushroom Extract Hericium erinaceus on Spatial Memory and Morphology of Neurons in the CA1 and CA3 Regions of the Hippocampus in Ovariectomized Rats

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Open Journal of veterinary Medicine 2024年第7期14卷 163-179页

作者： Lucia Garcia-Delgado Mariana Monserrath Verdía-Venegas Jacinto Bañuelos-Pineda Esther Albarrán-Rodríguez Guillermo Nolasco-Rodriguez José Ricardo Cuellar-Pérez Sergio Fausto-Guerra Manuel Rosales-Cortés Master in Behavioral Sciences Institute of Neurosciences University of Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico Department of veterinary Medicine Division of Veterinary Sciences CUCBA University of Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico Botany and Zoology Laboratory CUCBA University of Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico

Various studies indicate that low levels of estradiol negatively impact cognitive abilities. Extracts from the fungus Hericium erinaceus (HE) contain bioactive components that promote the proper functioning of the nervous system and potential effects on protection against neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and motor dysfunctions. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the administration of the HE mushroom extract on visuospatial memory and morphology of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. 40 young Wistar rats weighing 90 ± 10 g BW were used, which were distributed into four groups of 10 animals;Control Group, non-ovariectomized and untreated rats;Group E2, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (2 μg/kg/body weight);Group HE, ovariectomized rats treated with the extract of the fungus Hericium erinaceus (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and Group Ovx/ST, ovariectomized rats, without treatment. The animals were tested in the Barnes and Open Field maze, then they were sacrificed, and their brains were obtained to perform a histological analysis of neuronal morphology in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. The most outstanding results showed that the Ovx/ST group recorded the longest time to arrive at the escape box and stay in the Barnes maze. A correlation was observed between neuronal damage and function;in the groups that did not present satisfactory performance in the maze tests, morphological alterations were identified such as the presence of some neuronal somata with degeneration characteristics such as pyknosis, nuclear basophilia and shrinkage of the cells. Its soma, as well as a decrease in the nuclear area of CA1 and CA3 neurons. It is concluded that the fungus Hericium erinaceus exerted a neuroprotective effect on the neuronal bodies of the hippocampus, associated with better performance in the visuospatial recognition memory test.

关键词： Ovariectomized Rats Ovarian Hypofunction Estradiol Hericium erinaceus Barnes Circular Labyrinth Open Field Labyrinth

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Odor cues rather than personality affect tadpole deposition in a neotropical poison frog

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 332-342页

作者： Melissa Peignier Max Ringler Eva Ringler division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernCH-3032 HinterkappelenSwitzerland Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna1210 ViennaAustria Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology University of Vienna1030 ViennaAustria Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna1030 ViennaAustria lnstitute of Electronic Music and Acoustics University of Music and Performing Arts Graz8010 GrazAustria

Animals constantly need to evaluate available external and internal information to make appropriate ***,assessing,and acting on relevant cues in contexts such as mate choice,intra-sexual competition,and parental care is particularly important for optimizing individual reproductive *** factors can infuence decision-making,such as external environmental cues and the animal’s own internal state,yet,we have limited knowledge on how animals integrate available ***,we used an entire island population(57 males,53 females,and 1,109 tadpoles)of the neotropical brilliant-thighed poison frog Allobates femoralis to investigate how 2 factors(olfactory cues and personality traits)infuence the ability of males to fnd and use new resources for tadpole *** experimentally manipulated the location of tadpole deposition sites and their associated olfactory cues,and repeatedly measured exploration and boldness in adult *** further reconstructed tadpole deposition choices via inferred parent–offspring relationships of adult frogs and tadpoles deposited in our experimental pools using molecular parentage *** found that the discovery and use of new rearing sites were heavily infuenced by olfactory cues;however,we did not fnd an effect of the measured behavioral traits on resource discovery and *** conclude that in highly dynamic environments such as tropical rainforests,reliable external cues likely take priority over personality traits,helping individuals to discover and make use of reproductive resources.

关键词： animal personality Anura decision-making parental care tadpole transport

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