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Sampling strategies for estimating forest cover from remote sensing-based two-stage inventories

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 208-219页

作者： Piermaria Corona Lorenzo Fattorini Maria Chiara Pagliarella Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Forestry Research Centre University of Siena-Department of Economic and Statistics University of Molise-Department of Biosciences and Territory

Background: Remote sensing-based inventories are essential in estimating forest cover in tropical and subtropical countries, where ground inventories cannot be performed periodically at a large scale owing to high costs and forest inaccessibility(e.g. REDD projects) and are mandatory for constructing historical records that can be used as forest cover baselines. Given the conditions of such inventories, the survey area is partitioned into a grid of imagery segments of pre-fixed size where the proportion of forest cover can be measured within segments using a combination of unsupervised(automated or semi-automated) classification of satellite imagery and manual(i.e. visual on-screen)enhancements. Because visual on-screen operations are time expensive procedures, manual classification can be performed only for a sample of imagery segments selected at a first stage, while forest cover within each selected segment is estimated at a second stage from a sample of pixels selected within the segment. Because forest cover data arising from unsupervised satellite imagery classification may be freely available(e.g. Landsat imagery)over the entire survey area(wall-to-wall data) and are likely to be good proxies of manually classified cover data(sample data), they can be adopted as suitable auxiliary ***: The question is how to choose the sample areas where manual classification is carried out. We have investigated the efficiency of one-per-stratum stratified sampling for selecting segments and pixels, where to carry out manual classification and to determine the efficiency of the difference estimator for exploiting auxiliary information at the estimation level. The performance of this strategy is compared with simple random sampling without ***: Our results were obtained theoretically from three artificial populations constructed from the Landsat classification(forest/non forest) available at pixel level for a study area located in central Italy,

关键词： Spatially balanced sampling Auxiliary information

Toward forest ‘‘sprawl'':monitoring and planning a changing landscape for urban sustainability

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 175-184页

作者： Luca Salvati Carlotta Ferrara Anastasios Mavrakis Andrea Colantoni Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) Via della Navicella 2-400184 Rome Italy Department of Agriculture Forests Nature and Energy (DAFNE) Viale dell'Agricoltura 02015 Cittaducale (RI)Italy Department of Economic and Regional Development Institute of Urban Environment and Human ResourcesPanteion University 136 Syngrou Avenue 17671 AthensGreece Dipartimento di Science e Tecnologie per l'agricoltura le Foreste la Natura e l'Energia Universith degli Studi di Viterbo Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc O1100 Viterbo Italy

The present study analyzes the structure and dynamics of the forest landscape in a peri-urban area （Rome, Italy） during the city＇s expansion from 1949 to 2008 using landscape metrics and change detection anal- ysis of digital maps of the area （1500 km2）. While urban settlements increased continuously from 6.5 to 27.5 % of the study area, woodlands changed less clearly, with a moderate increase （from 11.2 to 11.9 % of the total area） and a higher fragmentation as a consequence of Rome＇s expansion. The structure of forest landscape changed along the urban-to-rural gradient with patch size increasing with the distance to the inner city in 1949 and substantial landscape homogeneity in 2008. The indicators proposed in this study inform dedicated measures for conserving forest and maintaining landscape diversity. Measures adopted in Rome＇s forestation plan to counteract woodlandfragmentation were analyzed and discussed. Based on the complex landscape dynamics found for Rome, an inte- grated multiscale planning approach targeting forest con- servation is considered a key contribution to urban sustainability.

关键词： Landscape ecology Urban form Forestationplan Rome Mediterranean region

Effect of dietary magnolia bark extract supplementation in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of meat

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第1期14卷 200-211页

作者： Ruggero Menci Hajer Khelil‑Arfa Alexandra Blanchard Luisa Biondi Marco Bella Alessandro Priolo Giuseppe Luciano Antonio Natalello Dipartimento Di agricoltura Alimentazione e Ambiente(Di3A)University of CataniaVia Valdisavoia 595123 CataniaItaly. Pancosma ADM A One Business Center1180 RolleSwitzerland.

Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial *** properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quality of ***,the aim of this study was to investigate,for the first time,the effect of dietary MBE supplementation(0.33 mg/kg)in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of *** stability is of paramount importance for pork,as it affects storage,retail,and consumer *** the purpose,the fatty acid profile,cholesterol,fatsoluble vitamins,antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase),non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity(TEAC,FRAP,and Folin-Ciocalteu assays),color stability,and lipid stability of pork were ***:Concerning carcass characteristics,dietary MBE did not affect cold carcass yield,but reduced(P=0.040)the chilling weight *** meat from pigs fed MBE had a lower(P=0.031)lightness index than the control *** effect on intramuscular fat,cholesterol,and fatty acid profile was *** MBE did not affect the content of vitamin E(α-tocopherol andγ-tocopherol)in pork,whereas it reduced(P=0.021)the retinol *** catalase activity was 18%higher(P=0.008)in the meat from pigs fed MBE compared with the control *** MBE supplementation reduced(P=0.039)by 30%the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)in raw pork over 6 d of aerobic refrigerated ***,no effect on lipid oxidation was observed in cooked ***,the meat from pigs fed MBE reduced Fe3+-ascorbate catalyzed lipid oxidation in muscle homogenates,with a lower(P=0.034)TBARS value than the control group after 60 min of ***:Dietary MBE supplementation in finishing pigs delayed the lipid oxidation in raw *** effect was combined with an increased catalase *** results suggest that dietary MBE could have implications for improving the shelf-life of pork

关键词： Antioxidant capacity Antioxidant enzyme Color Fatty acid Lipid oxidation Plant extract Pork Shelf-life TBARS Vitamin

Phenotyping Key Fruit Quality Traits in Olive Using RGB Images and Back Propagation Neural Networks

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 484-500页

作者： Giuseppe Montanaro Angelo Petrozza Laura Rustioni Francesco Cellini Vitale Nuzzo Università degli Studi della Basilicata 85100 PotenzaItaly ALSIA Agenzia Lucana Sviluppo Innovazione in AgricolturaMetapontum Agrobios Research Center75010 MetapontoItaly Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of SalentoLecceItaly

To predict oil and phenol concentrations in olive fruit,the combination of back propagation neural networks(BPNNs)and contact-less plant phenotyping techniques was employed to retrieve RGB image-based digital proxies of oil and phenol *** of cultivars(×3)differing in ripening time were sampled(~10-day interval,×2 years),pictured and analyzed for phenol and oil *** to this,fruit samples were pictured and images were segmented to extract the red(R),green(G),and blue(B)mean pixel values that were rearranged in 35 RGB-based colorimetric *** BPNNs were designed using as input variables(a)the original 35 RGB indexes,(b)the scores of principal components after a principal component analysis(PCA)pre-processing of those indexes,and(c)a reduced number(28)of the RGB indexes achieved after a sparse *** results show that the predictions reached the highest mean R^(2) values ranging from 0.87 to 0.95(oil)and from 0.81 to 0.90(phenols)across the *** addition to the R^(2),other performance metrics were calculated(root mean squared error and mean absolute error)and combined into a general performance indicator(GPI).The resulting rank of the GPI suggests that a BPNN with a specific topology might be designed for cultivars grouped according to their ripening *** present study documented that an RGB-based image phenotyping can effectively predict key quality traits in olive fruit supporting the developing olive sector within a digital agriculture domain.

关键词： Image image supporting

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi Laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson Giacomo Picardi Damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó Emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino Michael Tangherlini Roberto Danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del Mar(ICM-CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNIVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec Systems International Limited Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

Changes in foliar carbon isotope composition and seasonal stomatal conductance reveal adaptive traits in Mediterranean coppices affected by drought

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 839-845页

作者： Giovanni Di Matteo Luigi Perini Paolo Atzori Paolo De Angelis Tiziano Mei Giada Bertini Gianfranco Fabbio Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura Research Unit for Climatology and Meteorology applied to Agriculture CRACMA I-00186 Rome Italy University of Viterbo Department for Innovation in Biological Agrofood and Forest systems DIBAF I-01100 Viterbo Italy Ente Foreste della Sardegna Servizio Territoriale di Cagliari Viale Luigi Merello 86 I-09123 Cagliari Italy Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura Forestry Research Centre CRA-SEL I-52100 Arezzo Italy

We estimated water-use efficiency and potential photosyn- thetic assimilation of Holm oak （Quercus ilex L.） on slopes of NW and SW aspects in a replicated field test examining the effects of intensifying drought in two Mediterranean coppice forests. We used standard tech- niques for quantifying gas exchange and carbon isotopes in leaves and analyzed total chlorophyll, carotenoids and nitrogen in leaves collected from Mediterranean forests managed under the coppice system. We pos- tulated that responses to drought of coppiced trees would lead to differ- ential responses in physiological traits and that these traits could be used by foresters to adapt to predicted warming and drying in the Mediterra- nean area. We observed physiological responses of the eoppiced trees that suggested acclimation in photosynthetic potential and water-use effi- ciency：（1） a significant reduction in stomatal conductance （p〈0.01） wasrecorded as the drought increased at the SW site; （2） foliar 813C increased as drought increased at the SW site （p〈0.01）; （3） variations in levels of carotenoids and foliar nitrogen, and differences in foliar morphology were recorded, and were tentatively attributed to variation in photosyn- thetic assimilation between sites. These findings increase knowledge of the capacity for acclimation of managed forests in the Mediterranean region of Europe.

关键词： Mediterranean forest ecosystems forest acclimation stableisotopes, leaf gas exchanges water-use efficiency foliar traits adaptivesilviculture.

Bacterial symbiosis in Bactrocera oleae,an Achilles’heel for its pest control

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 874-884页

作者： Gaia Bigiotti Patrizia Sacchetti Roberta Pastorelli Carol R.Lauzon Antonio Belcari Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and Forestry(DAGRI)University of FlorenceItaly Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment Consiglio perlaricerca in agricoltura e I'analisi dell'economia agraria(CREA-AA)FlorenceItaly Department of Biological Sciences California State UniversityHaywardUSA

Investigations on microbial symbioses in Tephritidae have increased over the past 30 years owing to the potential use of these relationships in developing new control strategies for economically important fruit *** oleae(Rossi)—the olive fruit fly—is a monophagous species strictly associated with the olive tree,and among all the tephritids,its symbionts are the most *** bacterium Candidatus Erwinia dacicola is the major persistent resident endosymbiont in wild *** *** relationship with *** has been investigated since being identified in *** endosymbiont is vertically transmitted through generations from the female to the *** exists at every developmental stage,although it is more abundant in larvae and ovipositing females,and is necessary for both larvae and *** ***–***,or other ***–microbe interactions,will allow us to develop modern biological control systems for area-wide olive protection and set an example for similar programs in other important food *** review summarizes the information available on tephritid–microbe interactions and investigates relationships among fruit flies,bacteria and host plants;however,its focus is on *** and its strict association with *** to promote environmentally friendly control strategies for area-wide pest management.

关键词： bacterial symbiosis esophageal bulb IPM olive fly Tephritid

Effects of bioenergy production on environmental sustainability:a preliminary study based on expert opinions in Italy and Turkey

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1611-1626页

作者： Tugba Deniz Alessandro Paletto Department of Forest Economics Faculty of ForestryIstanbul University34473 BahcekoyIstanbulTurkey Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Research Centre for Forestry and Wood(CREA) Piazza Nicolini638123 TrentoItaly

In future decades, initiatives on biomass-based energy development in Europe should reduce fossil fuel dependence and help to combat climate change as required by the conference of the parties 21. In this context, forest biomass can play a key role within the bioenergy sector due to its high growth potential. The use of forest biomass for energy has positive and negative effects on other ecosystem services, on stand characteristics, and on forest management practices. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of forest bioenergy production on six ecosystem services(biodiversity, recreation, landscape aesthetics,carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, water quality). These effects have been assessed by 80 experts in two countries(Italy and Turkey), considering two different forest management practices(clear-cutting of coppices and woody residue removal after felling in high forests). The results show that coppice clear-cutting has negative effects on almost all ecosystem services according to the experts’ opinions. The highest negative effects are on landscape aesthetics and soil protection. The effects of woody residue removal on biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, and water quality are considered negative by the experts, while the effects on recreation activities and landscape aesthetics are considered positive. The highest negative effects of this forest management scenario are on soil protection and biodiversity. The experts’ opinions about the effects of forest management practices on ecosystem services can provide information to understand the environmental sustainability of bioenergy development in future years.

关键词： Forest biomass Bioenergy Forest management Ecosystem services

Alternate Wetting and Drying of Rice Reduced CH4 Emissions but Triggered N2O Peaks in a Clayey Soil of Central Italy

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 533-548页

作者： Alessandra LAGOMARSINO Alessandro Elio AGNELLI Bruce LINQUIST Maria Arlene ADVIENTO-BORBE Alberto AGNELLI Giacomo GAVINA Stefano RAVAGLIA Rossana Monica FERRARA Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria centro di ricerca per l'Agro Biologia e la Pedologia 50121 Firenze Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Universita di Perugia 06123 Perugia Societa Italiana Sementi S. Lazzaro di Savena 40068 Bologna Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments70125 Bari

Reducing CH4 and N20 emissions from rice cropping systems while sustaining production levels with less water requires a better understanding of the key processes involved. Alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation is one promising practice that has been shown to reduce CH4 emissions. However, little is known about the impact of this practice on N20 emissions, in particular under Mediterranean climate. To close this knowledge gap, we assessed how AWD influenced grain yield, fluxes and annual budgets of CH4 and N20 emissions, and global warming potential （GWP） in Italian rice systems over a 2-year period. Overall, a larger GWP was observed under AWD, as a result of high N20 emissions which offset reductions in CH4 emissions. In the first year, with 70% water reduction, the yields were reduced by 33%, CH4 emissions decreased by 97%, while N20 emissions increased by more than 5-fold under AWD as compared to PF; in the second year, with a 40% water saving, the reductions of rice yields and CH4 emissions （13% and 11%, respectively） were not significant, but N20 fluxes more than doubled. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic soil conditions resulted in the highest N20 fluxes under AWD. The duration of flooding, transition to aerobic conditions, water level above the soil surface, and the relative timing between fertilization and flooding were the main drivers affecting greenhouse gas mitigation potential under AWD and should be carefully planned through site-specific management options.

关键词： aerobic soil conditions fertilization global warming potential greenhouse gas mitigation potential water saving