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Irrigation water salinity and N fertilization:Effects on ammonia oxidizer abundance, enzyme activity and cotton growth in a drip irrigated cotton field

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 1121-1131页

作者： MIN Wei GUO Hui-juan ZHANG Wen ZHOU Guang-wei MA Li-juan YE Jun HOU Zhen-an department of Resources and Environmental science Shihezi University

Use of saline water in irrigated agriculture has become an important means for alleviating water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this field experiment was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity and N fertilization on soil physicochemical and biological properties related to nitrification and denitrification. A 3×2 factorial design was used with three levels of irrigation water salinity（0.35, 4.61 and 8.04 d S m-1） and two N rates（0 and 360 kg N ha^（-1））. The results indicated that irrigation water salinity and N fertilization had significant effects on many soil physicochemical properties including water content, salinity, p H, NH_4-N concentration, and NO_3-N concentration. The abundance（i.e., gene copy number） of ammonia-oxidizing archaea（AOA） was greater than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） in all treatments. Irrigation water salinity had no significant effect on the abundance of AOA or AOB in unfertilized plots. However, saline irrigation water（i.e., the 4.61 and 8.04 d S m-1 treatments） reduced AOA abundance, AOB abundance and potential nitrification rate in N fertilized plots. Regardless of N application rate, saline irrigation water increased urease activity but reduced the activities of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. Irrigation with saline irrigation water significantly reduced cotton biomass, N uptake and yield. Nitrogen application exacerbated the negative effect of saline water. These results suggest that brackish water and saline water irrigation could significantly reduce both the abundance of ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification rates. The AOA may play a more important role than AOB in nitrification in desert soil.

关键词： saline water nitrogen fertilizer ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms enzyme activity cotton yield

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Influences of Catch Crop and Its Incorporation Time on Soil Carbon and Carbon-Related Enzymes

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 569-579页

作者： Anna PIOTROWSKA-DLUGOSZ Edward WILCZEWSKI department of Soil science and Soil Protection Division of Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology

Catch crops that are cultivated for green manure play an important role in improving soil properties. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of catch crop(pea, Pisum sativum L.) management, i.e., incorporation of catch crop in October/November(autumn) and March(spring), and without catch crop(control), on soil organic carbon(SOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and the activities of carbon(C)-cycle enzymes, including cellulase(Cel), β-glucosidase(Glu) and invertase(Inv). Additionally, soil total nitrogen(TN) and p HKClwere investigated. The catch crop was cultivated from August to October each year during 2008–2010. Soil samples were collected from the field of spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) that had been grown after the catch crop. Soil samples for microbial activity determination were taken in March, May, June and August in 2009, 2010 and2011, while SOC and TN contents as well as p HKClwere determined in March and August. The chemical properties studied did not show significant changes as influenced by the experimental factors. The use of catch crop significantly increased the MBC content and the activities of C-cycle enzymes compared to the control. When the catch crop was incorporated in spring, a significantly higher MBC content was noted in March and May compared to autumn incorporation. Moreover, the spring incorporation of the catch crop significantly increased the Glu activity(except March), while the activities of Cel and Inv as well as the rate of soil basal respiration were usually unaffected by the time of catch crop incorporation. Greater microbial biomass and higher enzyme activities in the catch crop-treated soil, compared to the control, indicated that the application of the catch crop as a green manure could be recommended as a promising technique to increase the biological activity of the soil. Since there was no significant effect or no consistent results were obtained related to the time of catch crop incorporation,

关键词：还田时间土壤碳农作物相关酶掺入生物活性测定作物生长过程微生物生物量碳

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Impacts of Market Gardening Practices on Environmental Resources: The Case of Irrigable Lands in Bonkoukou (Imanan Rural Municipality, SW Niger Republic)

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Natural Resources 2022年第1期13卷 16-37页

作者： Karimou Dia Hantchi Salamatou Abdourahamane Illiassou Adamou Didier Tidjani Rachid Boubacar Oumarou Zibo Garba department of Geology Faculty of Science and Techniques Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University Maradi Niger department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomic Science University of Diffa Diffa Niger department of Soil science Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger department of Digitization of Environmental science Faculty of Science and Techniques University of Dosso Dosso Niger

Due to increasingly extreme climatic conditions in the Sahel, irrigated crops are emerging as imperative innovations for agricultural transformation and resilience. This study is designed to assess the impact of market gardening on soil, water and plant cover in the western Niger Republic. Semi-structured survey data were collected from 78 site operators in the Imanan rural municipality (Filingué, Tillabéry). In addition to the survey, a photographic collection illustrated certain observable facts in the field. The survey shows that the wooden enclosures (70.65% of respondents) around the fields are renewed every year. The impacts are then substantial: deforestation of plateaus, clearing of valleys for new extensions, loss of wildlife habitat, changes in the water flow regime resulting from a geomorphological change in the commune. Itou, the preparation of the planks consumes a lot of water. Thus, the new sinking of water points and the load pressure increase the drawdowns of wells and boreholes in the sites (75.46% of respondents). The frequent spills of waste oil on the sites, as well as the numerous potato storage pits, are among the factors and vectors most likely to contaminate the soils and aquifers of the study area. Market gardening destabilizes the soils and induces regressive erosion as well as area runoff of rainwater on all sites and on the slopes. On the other hand, slash-and-burn practices, drying of branches intended for fences, as well as rain-fed cowpea crops, promote improved physical properties and soil fertilization. To reduce the risks of disintegration and especially of silting up of sites, the study suggests a policy of live hedges and wire fences so that common spaces can be imposed on operators.

关键词： Market Gardening Impacts Environmental Resources Degradation Imanan Niger

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PROTECTIVE ROLES OF D1 PROTEIN TURNOVER AND THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE IN TOMATO(SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM)UNDER SUB-HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH LIGHT STRESS

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Frontiers of Agricultural science and Engineering 2021年第2期8卷 262-279页

作者： Tao LUA Jiazhi LU Mingfang QI Zhouping SUN Yufeng LIU Tianlai LI Horticulture department Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of EducationShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design&Application Technology(Liaoning) Shenyang 110866China Key Laboratory of Horticultural crops Genetic Improvement(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China) Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China.

D1 protein turnover and the xanthophyll cycle(XC)are important photo-protective mechanisms in plants that operate under adverse ***,streptomycin sulfate(SM)and dithiothreitol(DTT)were used in tomato plants as inhibitors of D1 protein turnover and XC to elucidate their photoprotec-tive impacts under sub-high temperature and high light conditions(HH,35°C,1000 limol m 2.S1).SM and DTT treatments significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency,maximum photochemical efficiency,and potential activity of photosystem II,leading to photoinhibition and a decline in plant biomass under *** increase in reactive oxygen species levels resulted in thylakoid membrane lipid *** addition,there were increased non-photochemical quenching and decreased chlorophyll pigments in SM and DTT application,causing an inhibition of D1 protein production at both transcriptional and translational ***,inhibition of D1 turnover caused greater photoinhibition than XC ***,the recovery levels of most photosynthesis indicators in DTT-treated plants were higher than in SM-treated *** findings support the view that D1 turnover has a more important role than XC in photoprotection in tomato under HH conditions.

关键词： D1 turnover photoinhibition photoprotection photosynthesis tomato xanthophyll cycle

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Relationship Between Leaf C/N Ratio and Insecticidal Protein Expression in Bt Cotton as Affected by High Temperature and N Rate

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 82-88页

作者： ZHANG Xiang LU Chun-hua CHEN Yuan WANG Gui-xia CHEN Yuan CHEN De-hua Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of crops Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R.China department of Soil and Crop sciences Texas A&M University College Station 77843 USA

Expression of insecticidal protein for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton is unstable and related to nitrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between leaf carbon nitrogen ratio （C/N） and insecticidal efficacy of two Bt cotton cultivars. C/N ratio and Bt protein content were both measured at peak square period and peak boll period respectively under 5-7 d high temperature and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the Yangzhou University Farm and the Ludong Cotton Farm, China. All plants were grown in field. The results showed that the C/N ratio enhanced slightly and the Bt protein content remained stable at peak square period, but significant increases for the C/N ratio and decreases markedly for the leaf Bt protein concentration were detected at the peak boll period. The similar patterns at the two growth periods were found for the leaf C/N ratio and Bt protein content by different N fertilizer treatments. When nitrogen rate was from 0 to 600 kg ha-l, the C/N ratio was reduced by 0.017 and 0.006 for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak square period, compared to the 1.350 to 1.143 reduction for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak boll period, respectively. Correspondingly, the leaf Bt protein contents were bolstered by 2.6-11.8 and 26.9-36.9% at the two different growth periods, respectively. The results suggested that enhanced C/N ratio by high temperature and nitrogen application may result in the reduction of inseetiocidal efficacy in Bt cotton, especially in peak boll period.

关键词： Bt cotton C/N ratio Bt protein insecticidal efficacy

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Occurrence of Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora cryptogea on Common Sage （Salvia officinalis） in Turkey

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Journal of Agricultural science and Technology(A) 2017年第6期7卷 401-406页

作者： Emel Cakir Reyhan Bahtiyarca Bagdat Yakup Zekai Katircioglut Salih Maden Plant Protection Central Research Institute Ankara 06172 Turkey Central Research Institute for field crops Ankara 06170 Turkey department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture University of Ankara Ankara 06110 Turkey

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Molecular Markers Associated with <i>Ph</i>-3 Gene Conferring Late Blight Resistance in Tomato

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2144-2150页

作者： Dilip R. Panthee Randy G. Gardner Ragy Ibrahem Candice Anderson department of Horticultural science North Carolina State University Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center Mills River NC USA

Late blight (LB), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of tomato. Three major genes Ph-1, Ph-2 and Ph-3 conferring resistance to LB have been identified and mapped to the chromosomes 7, 10 and 9, respectively. However, PCR-based molecular markers associated with these genes are limited. Molecular markers are extremely useful in the screening and selection of tomato lines for the development of LB resistant genotypes. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with Ph-3 gene conferring LB resistance in tomato. Four co-dominant markers were found to be associated with Ph-3, all of which were sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) type. Breeding lines and cultivars were inoculated with a field isolate of Phytophthora infestans to collect phenotypic data on disease resistance. Genotypic data from molecular markers associated with Ph-3 were in close agreement with the phenotypic data for the lines tested. With the verification of genotypic data from novel molecular markers in known genotypes supported by phenotypic data, the novel molecular markers may be useful in screening tomato populations aiming to develop LB resistant genotypes or cloning the LB resistant genes.

关键词： Late Blight Molecular Breeding Phytophthora infestans Resistance Breeding Tomato

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Perspective on the use of synthetic biology in rudimentary food fermentations

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第1期3卷 150-165页

作者： Alexander da Silva Vale Gilberto Vinícius de Melo Pereira Leonardo Martins Santana Dão Pedro de Carvalho Neto Brigitte Sthepani Orozco Colonia Vanete Thomaz Soccol Bruna Leal Maske Carlos Ricardo Soccol department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Federal University of Paraná(UFPR)CuritibaPRBrazil department of Genetics University of São Paulo(USP)Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraná(IFPR)LondrinaPRBrazil

Rudimentary food fermentation can be defined as a spontaneous process of conversion of food components through enzy-matic action.A great variety of fermented foods are produced using spontaneous approaches;however,cocoa and coffee represent the most important agricultural commodities on international *** a manner to increase the efficiency of these processes,starter cultures have been developed and applied under field *** selection process begins with the recovery of microbial strains from spontaneous fermentation through phenotypic and metabolic ***,mutation-based breeding is used to develop and improve well-adapted starter *** advances in synthetic biology,especially in the last decade,the development of robust cellular fabrications with high fermentative capacity has become easier-largely due to the development of genomic approaches,such as next-generation sequencing techniques,CRISPR-Cas system and bioinformatics *** review brings prospects on the use of synthetic biology to design new robust strains for use in cocoa and coffee fermentations,but which can be extended to other rudimentary *** addition,metabolic traits and target genes(e.g.,UvrA,RecA,GPD1,and GPP2)are proposed as a starting point for the improvement of cocoa and coffee ***,the regulatory and safety requirements for these food crops are *** review aims to stimulate research on the process of fermentation and the associated synthetic biology tools to produce fermented food efficiently and sustainably.

关键词： Coffee fermentation Cocoa fermentation Starter cultures CRISPR-Cas Synthetic promoters

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Developmentally Regulated Glucosylation of Bitter Triterpenoid in Cucumber by the UDP-Glucosyltransferase UGT73AM3

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Molecular Plant 2017年第7期10卷 1000-1003页

作者： Yang Zhong Xiaofeng Xue Zhiqiang Liu Yongshuo Ma Kewu Zeng Lida Han Jingjing Qi Dae-Kyun Ro Soren Bak Sanwen Huang Yuan Zhou Yi Shang Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural crops of the Ministry of Agriculture Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Agriculturat Genome Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Shenzhen 518124 China Tongji School of Pharmacy Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China Institute of Apicuiture Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100093 China School of Life science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China School of Pharmaceutical sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China College of Life sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China department of Biological sciences University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada department of Plant and Environmental sciences Copenhagen PlantScience Centre University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 1871 Denmark

Dear Editor,Plants have evolved great plasticity to adapt to external environments. A huge number of structurally diverse metabolites gener- ated through the glycosylation process is one potential mechanism that contr... 详细信息

关键词： SATIVUS L GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES BIOSYNTHESIS RESISTANCE

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Agronomic Performances of Compost Associated with Pollinating Insects on the Growth and Yield of Glycine max (L.) Merril under field Conditions

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第3期12卷 175-197页

作者： Mohamadou Moussa Kengni Beaudelaine Stephanie Steve Takoukam Toukam Albert Ngakou Tchuenguem Fohouo Fernand-Nestor department of Parasitology and Parasitic Pathologies School of Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon department of Biological sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon department of Biological sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Soybean is an oilseed crop legume cultivated for its benefits as a source of protein to human or animal food. The cultivation of soybean will promote the diversification of income sources for rural population. Like other crops, soybean flowers are visited by insects. It is expected that within the biodiversity conservation program, anthophilous insects including bees, generally increase fruit and seed yields of many plant species. Therefore, the effect of insect pollinators and compost on growth and yield parameters of Glycine max was assessed for two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019) in the field. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with three treatments: subplots applied with compost;subplots applied with fertilizer-NPK;subplots applied neither with compost, nor with fertilizer-NPK. Two other treatments were designed by plants with flowers protected against insects or flowers pollination free. Results indicate that root nodules formed by soybean plants in plots that received compost were significantly higher (P G. max flowers respectively. Lipotriches collaris was the most insect species frequently observed in the field, with 44.20% and 43.34% visits yearly respectively. The synergistic effect of insects and compost increased the number of seeds per pod by 28.27% and the percentage of normal seeds by 24.47%. Hence, applying Glycine max seeds at sowing with compost and in an environment with hives close to field could be recommended in agricultural development programs of farmers for a sustainable improvement of pods and seed yield of this valuable crop.

关键词： Soybean Lipotriches collaris Compost Pollination Yields

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