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Capacity-need gap in hospital resources for varying mitigation and containment strategies in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 608-621页

作者： Veenapani Rajeev Verma Anuraag Saini Sumirtha Gandhi Umakant Dash Shaffi Fazaludeen Koya Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras600036ChennaiIndia vantage research 600004ChennaiIndia Boston University 02215MassachusettsUSA

Background:Due to uncertainties encompassing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19,mathematical models informing the trajectory of disease are being proposed throughout the *** pandemic is also characterized by surge in hospitalizations which has overwhelmed even the most resilient health ***,it is imperative to assess health system preparedness in tandem with need projections for comprehensive ***:We attempted this study to forecast the need for hospital resources for one year period and correspondingly assessed capacity and tipping points of Indian health system to absorb surges in need due to ***:We employed age-structured deterministic SEIR model and modified it to allow for testing and isolation capacity to forecast the need under varying *** for documented cases were made for varying degree of containment and mitigation ***,data on health resources was collated from various government ***,we computed daily turnover of each of these resources which was then adjusted for proportion of cases requiring mild,severe and critical care to arrive at maximum number of COVID-19 cases manageable by health care system of ***:Our results revealed pervasive deficits in the capacity of public health system to absorb surge in need during peak of ***,model suggests that continuing strict lockdown measures in India after mid-May 2020 would have been ineffective in suppressing total infections *** testing to 1,500,000 tests per day during projected peak(mid-September)under social-distancing measures and current test to positive rate of 9.7%would lead to more documented cases(60,000,000 to 90,000,000)culminating to surge in demand for hospital resources.A minimum allocation of 13x,70x and 37x times more beds for mild cases,ICU beds and mechanical ventilators respectively would be required to commensurate with need under that ***

关键词： Capacity-need gap Numerical model COVID-19 Policy India

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Precipitating thermally reinforcement phase in aluminum alloys for enhanced strength at 400℃

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 71-82页

作者： Xiang Su Yuan Lei Yang Chen Hongjie Qu Zhixiang Qi Gong Zheng Xu Liu Henggao Xiang Guang Chen National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and DesignMinistry of EducationNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Aviation and Mechanical Engineering Changzhou Institute of TechnologyChangzhou 213032China

Heat-resistant aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive fields for manufacturing hot components due to their advantages in lightweight design and energy ***,the high-temperature strength of existing cast aluminum alloys is always limited to about 100 MPa at 350℃due to coarsening and transformation of strengthening ***,we reveal that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the T6 state Al-8.4Cu-2.3Ce-1.0Mn-0.5Ni-0.2Zr alloy at 400◦C increase by 34%and 44%after re-aging at 300℃for 100 h,and its thermal strength exhibits distinguished ad-vantage over traditional heat-resistant aluminum *** enhanced elevated-temperature strength is attributed to the reprecipitation of the Ni-bearing T-Al_(20)Cu_(2)Mn_(3)phase,whose number density increases over one *** significant segregation of Ni,Ce,and Zr elements at the interfaces helps improve the thermal stability of the T *** thermostable T phase effectively strengthens the matrix by in-hibiting dislocation ***,a highly interconnected 3D intermetallic network along the grain boundaries can still remain after long-term re-aging at 300℃,which is conducive to imposing a drag on the grain boundaries at high *** finding offers a viable route for enhancing the elevated-temperature strength of heat-resistant aluminum alloys,which could provide expanded opportunities for higher-temperature applications.

关键词： Aluminum alloys Precipitation Thermally reinforcement phase Re-aging treatment High-temperature strength

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中国蠕墨铸铁40年

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中国铸造装备与技术 2006年第1期41卷 1-9页

作者：邱汉泉陈正德山东省机械设计研究院英国vantage公司

含有蠕虫状石墨的铸铁作为正式的工程材料来研究和应用,我国与国外同期开始,而投入工业应用则早于国外。早在20世纪60～80年代,我国对它就作了广泛深入的试验研究。据不完全了解,迄今,我国在不同场合已发表了600多篇文献;其中研究过十... 详细信息

含有蠕虫状石墨的铸铁作为正式的工程材料来研究和应用,我国与国外同期开始,而投入工业应用则早于国外。早在20世纪60～80年代,我国对它就作了广泛深入的试验研究。据不完全了解,迄今,我国在不同场合已发表了600多篇文献;其中研究过十种生产方法,并研究了三十余种蠕化剂,提出了获得蠕虫状石墨的蠕化剂临界加入量计算式和蠕化处理后的“浮渣”形成机理;在铸造性能、金相组织、机械-物理性能和某些使用性能、铸件加工的工艺特性以及它们之间相互关系等方面的研究趋于基本完善,并制订了蠕铁金相和牌号的部级标准;在蠕铁一次结晶理论方面的研究仍处于百花齐放状态;蠕铁通过各种热处理和合金化可进一步提高性能,扩大其应用范围;在交通运输及内燃机零件、矿山和冶金用品以及在交变热载荷下工作的铸件、机械制造及液压件类铸件、轻工及纺织机械铸件、军工产品等等领域内生产或试生产着数百种蠕铁件,单件重量最大达38t,最小约1kg,年产量约有20万t,其中绝大多数采用冲天炉熔炼的不经预处理的铁液来制取,少数采用电炉、冲天炉-电炉或高炉-电炉双联熔炼;列举了蠕铁的典型应用实例;但在蠕铁炉前快速检验和蠕铁件显微组织无损检验的较精确的手段方面仍是薄弱环节;提出了今后应加强的工作;总的看来,我国蠕铁的研究、生产和应用水平不亚于国外,一些方面还处于领先地位。正文共约43000字,参考文献329篇,表5个。

关键词：蠕墨铸铁中国综述

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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Formation process of akaganeite in the simulated wet-dry cycles atmospheric environment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第8期34卷 1387-1396页

作者： Haigang Xiao Wei Ye Xiaoping Song Yuantai Ma Ying Li Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Analysis and Testing Department(Testing Center) Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

In order to clarify the formation mechanism and conditions for akaganeite in long-term exposure, the influence of the former corrosion results on akaganeite formation was investigated by simulated experi- ments in laboratory. The combination of XRD, FTIR, SEM and EPMA enabled the identification of the rust layer formed on the surface. Accordingly, the nature of the rust layer and the amount of the corrosive species in the rust layer varied with the extension of the exposure. Among them, comparing with the corrosion condition in initial stage, the structure of rust layer after repeated wet-dry cycles was disad- vantage for akaganeite formation. Element CI aggregated at the interface between rust and substrate in the thick part can participate in the formation of akaganeite after the rust layer covered removed. The accumulation effect of salt deposited contributed to akaganeite formation under the condition that salt deposition rate was relatively low.

关键词： Carbon steel Atmospheric corrosion Corrosion products Chloride ions

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Self-lubricating bidirectional carbon fiber reinforced smart aluminum composites by squeeze infiltration process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第11期35卷 2559-2569页

作者： K.M.Sree Manu L.Ajay Raag T.P.D.Rajan B.C.Pai Vijay Petley Shweta Namdeo Verma CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology TrivandrumIndia Gas Turbine research Establishment(GTRE) BangaloreIndia

Self-lubrication is one of the smart material properties required for producing components with enhanced wear resistance and low coefficient of ***(BD)satin weave polyacrylonitrile(PAN)based carbon fiber(Cf)fabric preform was successfully infiltrated with Al 6061 alloy by squeeze infiltration *** infiltrated composite shows uniform distribution of carbon fibers in the matrix with the elimination of porosities,fiber damage and close control on the formation of deleterious aluminum carbide(Al4C3)***/Al composite exhibits remarkable wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloy due to the formation of self-lubricating tribolayer on the pin surface,which intercepts the contact of matrix metal to counter *** BD carbon fiber enhanced the hardness and compressive strength of the composite by restraining the plastic flow behavior of *** resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 spinel,confirmed by EDS and SAD pattern,at the composite *** composite shows a lower density of 2.16 g/cm^3 which is a major ad vantage for weight reduction compared to the monolithic alloy(2.7 g/cm^3).

关键词： Metal matrix composites Squeeze infiltration Aluminum Carbon fiber fabric Tribology Microstructure

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Modernity and Postmodernity： The Characteristics of Postmodern Cultural Media

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2017年第2期12卷 265-277页

作者： TONG Li research Institute for European and American Cultural Philosophy Tianjin Foreign StudiesUniversity Tianjin 300204 China

From the academic frontier of modernity and postmodernity, the author aims at exploring the fission between modernity and postmodernity and also the characteristics of postmodern cultural media from a philosophical vantage point. This paper illustrates three aspects of Western modernity： individual modernity, social modernity, and instrumental modernity, and it also clarifies the issues in modernity, starting by explaining three forms of the cultural fission： avant-garde, modernism, and postmodemism. The paper then demonstrates that the rise of postmodemity represents a new transformation and new characteristics of contemporary Western spirit, namely, the collision and compatibility of various concepts, in which popular culture and high culture, mass culture and elite culture, fashion and games as well as noise and silence have constituted an uncanny landscape of cultural media. This eerie landscape displays the indeterminacy of language, culture, art, consciousness, and aesthetics. From the perspective of theoretical innovation, the author proposes that the postmodem cultural media always displays its commodity and instrumentality, plays and entertainment, anti-culture and anti-art, replication and fabrication logically and practically as an outcome of post-industrial society. In conclusion, three critical issues are addressed： personal spiritual belief, the development of mass culture, and aesthetic principles. The postmodern cultural media has deeply influenced traditional culture, aesthetics, and how they are evaluated, resulting in cultural conflicts and a humanistic dilemma in the world of contemporary capitalism.

关键词： modernity postmodemity postmodem cultural media characteristics

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Prospecting for coal in China with remote sensing

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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2008年第4期18卷 537-545,550页

作者： TAN Ke-long WAN Yu-qing SUN Sun-xin BAO Gui-bao KUANG Jing-shui Aerophotogrammetry and Remote Sensing Center of China Coal Xi＇ an Shaanxi 710054 China Remote Sensing research Center Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, coal resources are increasingly in great demand. As a result, the remaining coal reserves diminish gradually with large-scale exploitation of coal resources. Easily-found mines which used to be identified from outcrops or were buried under shallow overburden are decreasing, especially in the prosperous eastern regions of China, which experience coal shortages. Currently the main targets of coal prospecting are concealed and unidentified underground coal bodies, making it more and more difficult for coal prospecting. It is therefore important to explore coal prospecting by taking advantage of modern remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Given a theoretical basis for coal prospecting by remote sensing, we demonstrate the methodologies and existing problems systematically by summarizing past practices of coal prospecting with remote sensing. We propose a new theory of coal prospecting with remote sensing. In uncovered areas, coal resources can be prospected for by direct interpretation. In coal beating strata of developed areas covered by thin Quaternary strata or vegetation, prospecting for coal can be carried out by indirect interpretation of geomorphology and vegetation. For deeply buried underground deposits, coal prospecting can rely on tectonic structures, interpretation and analysis of new tectonic clues and regularity of coal formation and preservation controlled by tectonic structures. By applying newly hyper-spectral, multi-polarization, multi-angle, multi-temporal and multi-resolution remote sensing data and carrying out integrated analysis of geographic attributes, ground attributes, geophysical exploration results, geochemical exploration results, geological drilling results and remote sensing data by GIS tools, coal geology resources and mineralogical regularities can be explored and coal resource information can be acquired with some confidence.

关键词： remote sensing coal prospecting coal field prediction coal prospecting for deeply buried coal seams

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KINETIC MODELING OF HYDROISOMERIZATION OF C\-8-AROMATICS(Ⅱ)MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION OF RAY VECTOR AND ITS APPLICATION

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 1986年第2期 68-79页

作者：伍登熙林正仙 research Institute of Petroleum Processing

For first-order Ma（?）subsystem in a complex reaction system containing irreversible reactions,the charac- ter of the only observable straight line reaction path in two dimensional coordinates has been observed.A mathematical expression of ray vector as an implicit function of rate constants has been *** ad- vantage of the expression as a set of linear equality constraints,the relative rate constants of hydroisomerization of C?-aromatics were determined by use of flexible tolerance polyhedron *** has been proved that the uncertainty of the estimated results by curve-fitting technique can be reduced because of these constraints. The ray vector constraints method provides an effective means for parameter estimation of Ma（?）first-order reac- t ion system.

关键词： rate line KINETIC MODELING OF HYDROISOMERIZATION OF C MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION OF RAY VECTOR AND ITS APPLICATION AROMATICS

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Understanding Relationship Between Accessibility and Economic Growth:A Case Study from China(1990–2010)

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第6期26卷 803-816页

作者： JIAO Jingjuan WANG Jiaoe JIN Fengjun DU Chao Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

China′s economy and transport infrastructure have both experienced rapid development since 1978, and especially since 1990. Today, China is the second-largest economic entity in terms of GDP and has the largest high-speed rail(HSR) network and the second-largest expressway network in the world. This paper explores the relationship between accessibility and economic growth in China from 1990 to 2010. In the study, the basic research units include 333 prefecture-level cities and four municipalities. We explore a bivariate analysis framework of accessibility and economic growth, and their increase rates, to examine this relationship using long-term panel data. The results indicate that, first, accessibility and economic growth show a significant positive relationship using both cross-section and panel data, while the increase rate in accessibility and GDP indicate no significant relationship using cross-section data and a poor significant relationship using panel data. Second, the distributions of local advantage are uneven. Cities with low local advantage with respect to accessibility and GDP are mainly located in China′s eastern coastal region or the provincial capitals, while those with low local advantage in terms of their increase rates are located in the western region. Third, as China′s economic growth and transport networks have evolved, the distribution of local advantage shows little change in terms of accessibility and GDP, but a greater change in terms of their increase rates, which is largely influenced by the distribution of expressway and HSR networks.

关键词： accessibility economic growth China GDP transport infrastructure

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