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Balancing medical innovation and affordability in the new healthcare ecosystem in China:Review of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies

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Health Care Science

Health Care Science 2023年第6期2卷 381-391页

作者： Vivian Chen Wenbin Shao Institute for Hospital Management Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Commercial solutions IQVIA Greater ChinaShanghaiChina

The China Basic Medical Insurance Program was created in 1999 with three objectives:equal accessibility,affordability,and ***,it has become the biggest medical insurance program in the world,covering 95%of China's *** 2015,China's healthcare ecosystem has been reshaped by increasing innovation,which has in turn been driven by regulatory reform,enhancement of research and development capability,and capital market *** has also been improved regulatory efficiency to reduce lags in launching *** 2022,nearly 20%of novel active substances launched globally were from *** has also risen to become the second biggest contributor to innovation in terms of *** a“fast-follow”strategy,many locally developed innovative drugs can compete with products from multinational companies in their quality and ***,China's pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry will continue to face challenges in pricing and reimbursement,as well as a shortened product lifecycle with rapid price *** government has already accelerated the timeline for updating the drug reimbursement list and is willing to create a high-quality medical insurance ***,some obstacles are hard to overcome,including reimbursement for advanced therapies,limited funding and an increasing burden of disease due to an aging *** article reviews the trajectory of medical innovation in China,including the *** forward,balancing affordability and innovation will be critical for China to continue the trajectory of *** article also offers some suggestions for future policy reform,including optimizing reimbursement efficiency with a focus on highquality solutions,enhancing the value assessment framework,payer repositioning from“value buyer”to“strategic buyer”,and developing alternative market access pathways for innovative drugs.

关键词： medical innovation affordability ecosystem evolution China healthcare pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement market access biotech value-based pricing medical insurance

Auxiliary-Service Smart Monitoring solutions: A Study in High-Power Substations in Colombia

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第9期2卷 132-138页

作者： Hermes Eslava Luis Alejandro Rojas Marcela Restrepo Universidad Distrital Bogotá Colombia Kinnesis solutions Medellin Colombia

The present study assesses the possibility of implementing an auxiliary-service smart monitoring solution at power substations. The solution is intended to improve substation indices in terms of accident rates and undesired events that result from initial incidents associated to failure of the Direct Current systems in charge of supporting the operation of protection elements. In recent years in Colombia, substation fires have been reported, and auxiliary services have been identified as a potential initial cause of these unfortunate events. In fact, in Bogotá (Capital city of Colombia), in the last decade, incidents occurred at four high-power substations, and the potential failure cause was associated to the operation of auxiliary services, according to the criteria of experts in the electrical sector. The present study illustrates how a monitoring system substantially improves the lifecycle of battery banks in a three-year period (8% lifecycle improvement together with an increase in reliability of the system by allowing more time for failure identification). The estimated financial benefits reach 2 million US dollars and stem from reducing the frequency of explosions at substations by 11%. The technology in question is assessed and recommended based on the results of various experiments, where various monitoring methods are tested, also considering the operation and maintenance costs that constitute an appropriate lifecycle evaluation.

关键词： Auxiliary Services Smart Monitoring Substations Battery Banks Direct Current Failure

Customized Visualizations of Urban Infill Development Scenarios for Local Stakeholders

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2015年第2期3卷 68-81页

作者： Juho-Pekka Virtanen Tuulia Puustinen Kyosti Pennanen Matti TVaaja Matti Kurkela Kauko Viitanen Hannu Hyyppa Petri Ronnholm Department of Real Estate Planning and GeoinformaticsAalto UniversityEspooFinland Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Construction and Real Estate HubicHelsinkiFinland vtt Technical Research Centre of Finland EspooFinland

Infill development has been seen as one of the solutions to urban challenges. However, it changes the dynamics and visual appearance of the neighborhood. As infill development usually requires the acceptance of local stakeholders, their perceptions of the resulting intensified housing have a significant role. In this study, customized visualizations illustrating scenarios of infill development were made from the perspective of individual apartments in neighboring residential building. The usefulness of customized visualizations for local stakeholders was studied in the Tammela test area. A 3D virtual model of the existing environment was created. Models depicting the alternative infill buildings were added to the 3D model, which was used to create customized visualizations. These visualizations were utilized in the interviews of local stakeholders. The findings indicate that the customized visualizations help stakeholders conceptualize the impact, and plan and manage the infill development. Visualizations can also be seen as a tool for a resident-driven approach to intensifying housing.

关键词： 3D Model Resident-Driven Infill Development Visualization Interviews of Stakeholders Laser Scanning

Advancing 5G Network Applications lifecycle Security:An ML-Driven Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第11期141卷 1447-1471页

作者： Ana Hermosilla Jorge Gallego-Madrid Pedro Martinez-Julia Jordi Ortiz Ved P.Kafle Antonio Skarmeta Information and Communications Engineering Department University of MurciaMurcia30100Spain Research&Development Department Odin Solutions S.L.Murcia30007Spain Network Architecture Laboratory Network Research InstituteNational Institute of Information and CommunicationsTokyo184-8795Japan Engineering and Applied Techniques Department University Center of Defense at the Spanish Air Force AcademyMurcia30729Spain

As 5th Generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G)networks become increasingly prevalent,ensuring not only networksecurity but also the security and reliability of the applications,the so-called network applications,becomesof paramount *** paper introduces a novel integrated model architecture,combining a networkapplication validation framework with an AI-driven reactive system to enhance security in *** proposedmodel leverages machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)to dynamically monitor and respond tosecurity threats,effectively mitigating potential risks before they impact the network *** dualapproach not only validates the functionality and performance of network applications before their real deploymentbut also enhances the network’s ability to adapt and respond to threats as they *** implementation ofthis model,in the shape of an architecture deployed in two distinct sites,demonstrates its practical viability *** application validation with proactive threat detection and response,the proposed modeladdresses critical security challenges unique to 5G *** paper details the model,architecture’sdesign,implementation,and evaluation of this solution,illustrating its potential to improve network securitymanagement in 5G environments *** findings highlight the architecture’s capability to ensure boththe operational integrity of network applications and the security of the underlying infrastructure,presenting asignificant advancement in network security.

关键词： Network application network function virtualization machine learning security 5G

Dimethylammonium iodide stabilized bismuth halide perovskite photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution

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Nano Research 2021年第4期14卷 1116-1125页

作者： He Zhao Kalyani Chordiya Petri Leukkunen Alexey Popov Mousumi Upadhyay Kahaly Krisztian Kordas Satu Ojala Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit University of OuluP.O.Box 4300FI-90014 OuluFinland ELI-ALPS ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd.Dugonicster 136720 SzegedHungary Institute of Physics University of Szegedf D6m ter 9H-6720 Szeged Hungary Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit University of OuluP.O.Box 3000FI-90014 OuluFinland Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit University of OuluFI-90570 OuluFinland Microelectronics Research Unit University of OuluP.O.Box 4500FI-90014 OuluFinland vtt Technical Research Centre of Finland FI-90590 OuluFinland

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as novel and promising photocatalysts for hydrogen ***,their stability in water is a vital and urgent research *** this paper a novel approach to stabilize a bismuth halide perovskite[(CH_(3))_(2)NH_(2)]_(3)[Bil_(6)](DA_(3)Bil_(6))in water using dimethylammonium iodide(DAI)without the assistance of acids or coatings is *** DA3Bil6 powder exhibits good stability in DAI solutions for at least two *** concentration of DAI is found as a critical parameter,where the I^(-)ions play the key role in the *** stability of DA3Bil6 in water is realized via a surface dissolution-recrystallization *** DA3Bil6 demonstrates constant photocatalytic properties for visible light-induced photo-oxidation of I^(-)ions and with PtCI4 as a co-catalyst(Pt-DA_(3)Bil_(6)),photocatalytic H2 evolution with a rate of 5.7μmol·h^(-1)from HI in DAI solution,obtaining an apparent quantum efficiency of 0.83%at 535 *** study provides new insights on the stabilization of metal halide perovskites for photocatalysis in aqueous solution.

关键词： bismuth halide perovskite dimethylammonium iodide photocatalysis hydrogen evolution

Towards Autonomous Vehicles with Advanced Sensor solutions

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2015年第3期3卷 6-17页

作者： Matti Kutila Pasi Pyykonen Aarno Lybeck Pirita Niemi Erik Nordin vtt Technical Research Centre Ltd. P.O.Box 1300FI-33101 TampereFinland TTS P.O.Box 5FI-05200 RajamakiFINLAND Volvo Group Trucks Technology(GTT) BF40562 M1.6SE-405 08 GoteborgSweden

Professional truck drivers are an essential part of transportation in keeping the global economy alive and commercial products moving. In order to increase productivity and improve safety, an increasing amount of automation is implemented in modern trucks. Transition to automated heavy good vehicles is intended to make trucks accident-free and, on the other hand, more comfortable to drive. This motivates the automotive industry to bring more embedded ICT into their vehicles in the future. An avenue towards autonomous vehicles requires robust environmental perception and driver monitoring technologies to be introduced. This is the main motivation behind the DESERVE project. This is the study of sensor technology trials in order to minimize blind spots around the truck and, on the other hand, keep the driver’s vigilance at a sufficiently high level. The outcomes are two innovative truck demonstrations: one R & D study for bringing equipment to production in the future and one implementation to the driver training vehicle. The earlier experiments include both driver monitoring technology which works at a 60% - 80% accuracy level and environment perception (stereo and thermal cameras) whose performance rates are 70% - 100%. The results are not sufficient for autonomous vehicles, but are a step forward, since they are in-line even if moved from the lab to real automotive implementations.

关键词： Autonomous Driving Camera Driver Monitoring Environment Perception Automated Vehicle Sensor Laser Scanner Truck Radar Data Fusion

Development of real-time onion disease monitoring system using image acquisition

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第4期5卷 469-474页

作者： Du-Han KIM Kyeong-Hwan LEE Chang-Hyun CHOI Tae-Hyun CHOI Yong-Joo KIM Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering Chung-Nam National UniversityDaejeon 305-764Republic of Korea Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 500-757Republic of Korea Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi 440-746Republic of Korea Sensoreye R&D solutions Daejeon 302-861Republic of Korea

In this study, real-time disease monitoring was conducted on onion which is the most representative crop in Republic of Korea, using an image acquisition system newly developed for the mobile measurement of phenotype. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of prediction of disease and state variables by processing images acquired from monitoring. The image acquisition system was consisted of two parts, a motorized driving system and a PTZ(pan, tilt and zoom) camera to take images of the plants. The acquired images were processed as follows. Noise was removed through an image filter and RGB(red, green and blue) colors were converted to HSV(hue, saturation and value), which enabled thresholding of areas with different colors and properties for image binarization by comparing the color of onion leaf with ambient areas. Four objects with the most significant browning in the onion leaf to the naked eye were selected as the samples for data acquired. The thresholding method with image processing was found to be superior to the naked eye in identifying accurate disease areas. In addition, it was found that the incidence of disease was different in each disease area ratio. As a result, the use of image acquisition system in image processing analysis will enable more prompt detection of any changes in the onion and monitoring of disease outbreaks during the crop lifecycle.

关键词： imaging acquisition system disease downy mildew onion

Integrated Renewable Energy solutions for Aquaculture Processing Enerfish

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 259-265页

作者： Hidde Ronde Aulis Ranne Eric Peirano Ian Byrne Huy Le Duc Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus vtt Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo 02150 Finland TECHNOFI Sophia-Antipolis 06901 France National Energy Foundation Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire MK5 8NG UK Energy Conservation Center of rio Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam

The European Union Framework Programme 71 Enerfish project aims to demonstrate a new poly-generation application with renewable energy sources for the fishery industry in Vietnam. The fish processing plant under consideration can be made by energy self-sufficient when all fish waste oil is processed into biodiesel and further converted to electricity and heat （for cooling） in a CHP （combined heat and power） unit. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the profitability of such plants in southeast Asia. The economic model shows that electricity production is, due to the low electricity tariff, uneconomical （except during electricity blackout）, even if cogeneration heat can be utilized. This prompt a design of the plant whereby the necessary heat for the biodiesel process is taken from the waste heat produced by the compressors of a CO2 cooling system. According to the calculations and assumptions of the present study, the profitability of biodiesel production from fish cleaning wastes in Vietnam depends strongly on the market prices for fish waste and fish oil. Different business case scenarios are described.

关键词： Biodiesel cogeneration energy efficiency energy from waste environmental economics distributed power generation food technology waste heat.

Key technologies for wireless network digital twin towards smart railways

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High-Speed Railway 2024年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Ke Guan Xinghai Guo Danping He Philipp Svoboda Marion Berbineau Stephen Wang Bo Ai Zhangdui Zhong Markus Rupp State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital Twin Assisted AI for Sustainable Radio Access Networks Institute of TelecommunicationsTU WienVienna 1040Austria UniversitéGustave Eiffel COSYSLEOSTVilleneuve d′Ascq 59650France VIAVI Marconi Labs VIAVI SolutionsStevenage SG12ANUK Institute of Telecommunications TU WienVienna 1040Austria

An emerging railway technology called smart railway promises to deliver higher transportation efficiency,enhanced comfort in services,and greater *** smart railway is expected to integrate fifth-generation mobile communication(5G),Artificial Intelligence(AI),and other technologies,which poses new problems in the construction,operation and maintenance of railway wireless *** Digital Twins(DTs),which have recently emerged as a new paradigm for the design of wireless networks,can address these problems and enable the whole lifecycle management of railway wireless ***,there are still many scientific issues and challenges for railway-oriented wireless *** key technologies to solve these problems are introduced and described,including characterization of materials'physical-EM properties,autonomous reconstruction of Three-dimensional(3D)environment model,AI-empowered environmental cognition,Ray-Tracing(RT),model-based and AIbased RT acceleration,and generation of multi-spectra sensing ***,this paper presents our research results for each key technology and describes the wireless network planning and optimization system based on highperformance RT developed by our *** paper outlines the framework for realizing the wireless DT of smart railways,providing the direction for future research.

关键词： Digital twin Smart railways Ray tracing Channel characterization