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Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) fruit development delay caused by post-flowering non-inductive photoperiod

Journal of Arid Land 2017年第3期9卷 408-418页

作者： REN Cai YU Tian QU Guanghang WANG Shuang WANG Ze Abudoukeyumu MIJITI ZHANG Hua MA Lin HE Xiaoling MA Hao State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China urumqi county agricultural technology extension center Urumqi 830011 China Desert Research Institute in the Arid Region Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052 China

Haloxylon ammodendron （C. A. Mey.） is one of the economically and ecologically important desert trees used for sand fixation. The ovary of H. ammodendron is found not to swell after flowering in spring until at the end of August or early September in western China. However, what happens for ovary at anatomic level in that period and which crucial ecological factor regulates the phenomenon of H. ammodendron have not been fully understood. To characterize the phenomenon and explore the crucial environmental regulating factors, we carried out the morphological and anatomic observations at the different development stages of the fruits and three single-factor experiments （low air temperature, sufficient soil moisture, and short day length）. Our results showed that under the natural conditions, the ovary of H. ammodendron after flowering developed slowly and the morphological changes of fruits were not significant for the period from May to August and after late August or early September; and then the ovary developed rapidly and matured in October. Cell division in embryo was observed to start approximately 25 days after flowering （DAF） and just developed to globular embryo stage at mid-August. Photoperiod was identified as the pivotal environmental factor regulating the fruit development of H. ammodendron. Moreover, the threshold value of day length for the fruit development was 14.0 h. A long day （〉14.0 h） treatment began from 5 DAF could delay fruit development of H. ammodendron while a short day （〈14.0 h） treatment could accelerate it. Moreover, a further longer day treatment （〉15.0 h） could also delay fruit development even when they had developed for a long time （110 DAF）. The present study indicated that H. ammodendron adopted a reproductive strategy of delayed fruit development and this strategy helps it survive and obtain offspring in harsh desert habitats.

关键词： environmental factor fruit development Haloxylon ammodendron photoperiod reproductive strategy

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Seasonal occurrence of Aphis glycines and physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 342-351页

作者： Xing-Ya Wang Li-Hong Zhou Biao Xu Xing Xing Guo-Qing Xu Accepted February 10 2014 Institute of Flower Research Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang agricultural technology extension center of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous county Anshan Liaoning China

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is an important pest of soybean in China. To monitor and manage this pest effectively it is neces-sary to understand its population dynamics and demographics, as well as the physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding. In this study, using field surveying and suction-trap monitoring, we investigated the population dynamics of the soybean aphid in Xiuyan county, Liaoning Province in northeastern China during 2009-2012. The results indicatedthat the population dynamics of the soybean aphid followed a unimodal curve distribution, with the insect generally colonizing soybean fields from the middle of June to early Julyand the population reaching a peak between early July and early August. On the whole, soybean aphids occurred in suction-traps at least 2 weeks earlier than they were foundin field surveys. A total of 72 alates were collected by suction-trapping over the 4 years, with the earliest alate captures occurring on 28 May in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 4 June in 2010. The life table parameters clearly showed that this aphid had a short doubling time （4.73 ± 0.21 days）, and 7.36± 0.98 nymphs were produced by a soybean aphid adult during its lifetime （13.57 ± 0.30 days）. Finally, biochemical assays indicated that the amount of malondialdehyde and the activities of four defense-related enzymes in soybean leavessignificantly changed between 0 day and 7 days of aphid infestation. Polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and catalase （CAT） activities increased more dramatically after 1 day of aphid feed-ing. In addition, significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and CAT were found after aphid feeding for 7 days, whereas there was no significant change in the activitiesof peroxidase and PPO. Consequently, this study will be beneficial in determining the seasonal occurrence of the soybean aphid and selecting insect-resistant soybean varieties,and thus in developing a theoretical framework for appropriate m

关键词： Aphis glycines defense-related enzymes life table population dynamics suction trap

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Model fitting of the seasonal population dynamics of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, in the field

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1797-1808页

作者： XU Lei ZHAO Tong-hua XING Xing XU Guo-qing XU Biao ZHAO Ji-qiu Institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110161P.R.China agricultural technology extension center of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous county Anshan 114300P.R.China

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the greatest threats to soybean production, and both trend analysis and periodic analysis of its population dynamics are important for integrated pest management(IPM). Based on systematically investigating soybean aphid populations in the field from 2018 to 2020, this study adopted the inverse logistic model for the first time, and combined it with the classical logistic model to describe the changes in seasonal population abundance from colonization to extinction in the field. Then, the increasing and decreasing phases of the population fluctuation were divided by calculating the inflection points of the models, which exhibited distinct seasonal trends of the soybean aphid populations in each year. In addition, multifactor logistic models were then established for the first time, in which the abundance of soybean aphids in the field changed with time and relevant environmental conditions. This model enabled the prediction of instantaneous aphid abundance at a given time based on relevant meteorological data. Taken as a whole, the successful approaches implemented in this study could be used to build a theoretical framework for practical IPM strategies for controlling soybean aphids.

关键词： soybean aphid population dynamics logistic model inverse logistic model multifactor logistic model

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Comparison of biochar properties from 5 kinds of halophyte produced by slow pyrolysis at 500℃

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1003-1012页

作者： Hongyang Xiao Qimei Lin Guitong Li Xiaorong Zhao Jianzhong Li Erzhen Li Department of Soil and Water Science College of Land Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China agricultural and Animal Husbandry technology extension and Service center of Wuyuan county Bayannur 015100Inner MongoliaChina

Glycophyte biomass-derived biochars are currently concerned in most ***,little attention is given to the char-acteristics of halophyte-derived *** this study,five typical halophytes of euhalophytes(Suaeda altissima,Suaeda salsa,and Kalidium foliatum),recretohalophytes(Phragmites australis),and pseudohalophytes(Tamarix chinensis)which are widely distributed in the arid and semiarid regions of northwestern China were selected for producing biochars with a slow pyrolysis process at 500℃for 1 *** harvested biochars were characterized in elemental content,pores,surface area,and surface charges,and then their potential value as a soil conditioner was *** results showed that the halophyte-derived biochars had variable ash and Na+contents,ranging from 7.26 to 23.64%and 1.06 to 33.93 g kg^(−1)*** EC value of the biochars ranged from 1.76 to 23.45 mS cm^(−1).The biochar derived from Suaeda altissima had a very low specific surface area(SSA),3.50 m^(2)g^(−1),while that derived from Phragmites australis(BPA)had a very high SSA,344.02 m^(2)g^(−1).All the biochars carried both positive and negative *** foliatum biochar(BKF)possessed more nega-tive charges,while Suaeda altissima biochar(BSA)contained more positive *** general,the halophyte biochars had a higher ash content and lower point of zero net charge(PZNC)value,compared with the biochars derived from glycophytes,which would imply their higher potential value as an acidic soil conditioner.

关键词： Halophyte Biochar Structural elements Mineral elements Surface charges

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First report of Leptosphaeria sclerotioides on Brassica napus in Northwestern China

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Oil Crop Science 2023年第2期8卷 73-80页

作者： Mingxue Shang Xing Lyv Jing Zhang Mingde Wu Long Yang Qingxia Guan Guoqing Li State Key Laboratory of agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Longxi agricultural technology extension center Longxi CountyGansu ProvinceLongxi748199China

In 2020,diseased seedlings of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus)with cankered taproots as well as abundant sclerotium-like structures in the soil surrounding the roots were found in Longxi county of Gansu province of northwestern China.A fungus with production of pycnidia was isolated from the diseased roots,and it was identified based on morphological characteristics,molecular phylogeny(ITS,LSU)and PCR detection with the specific *** fungus was identified as Leptosphaeria sclerotioides Gruyter,Aveskamp&Verkley[anamorph:Phoma sclerotioides(Preuss)ex Sacc.].Re-inoculation of isolates of P9 and P10 of *** on winter oilseed rape(*** cultivar‘Zhongshuang No.9’)in Wuhan caused formation of abundant sclerotium-like structures in soil surrounding the roots,but failed to produce root cankers as those observed in Gansu possibly due to lack of long peroid of low-temperature conditioning in *** spite of this,plant height,pod number and seed yield of oilseed rape were significantly reduced in the treatment with *** P9 and P10,compared to the control *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of *** on *** in China and the finding broadened our understanding about the natural distribution of this psychrophilic fungus.

关键词： Leptosphaeria sclerotioides Brassica napus China

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High-Throughput MicroRNA and mRNA Sequencing Reveals that MicroRNAs May Be Involved in Pectinesterase-Mediated Cold Resistance in Potato

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 561-586页

作者： Chongchong Yan Qianqian Wang Nan Zhang Jiajia Wang Xuexiang Ren Bingjie Xue Xiaojing Pu Zhihong Xu Huajun Liao Anhui Academy of agricultural Sciences Hefei230031China Anhui Vocational College of City Management Hefei231635China Funan county agricultural technology Promotion center Funan236300China Jieshou county agricultural technology Promotion center Jieshou236500China

Since potato cultivars are sensitive to low temperature,cold injury severely affects the geographical distribution and yield of *** some miRNAs have been identified in response to cold stress in plants,there is no report about the role of miRNAs in the response to cold stress in ***,via high throughput sequencing,we described the profiling of cold stress response to miRNA and mRNA in *** small RNA and six mRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced.296 known and 211 novel miRNAs were identified,in which 34 miRNAs in Cold Group(CG)had the higher expression quantity than which in Normal Group(NG)and 32 in CG had lower expression quantity than which in NG.3068 differentially expressed genes were detected between NG and CG,in which 1400 genes were up-regulated and 1668 genes were *** metabolism pathway of starch and sucrose(ko00500)is the common KEGG pathway in differentially expressed miRNA and *** this pathway,StuPME21575 and StuPME42971 are pectinesterase which mainly catalyzes the pectin-forming pectate,which are controlled by stu-miR6023 and *** the potato suffering cold stress,these two miRNAs expression levels became higher,but their target genes expression levels were just opposite and this result is the same with qRT-PCR.

关键词： Potato microRNA RNA-Seq low-temperature stress pectinesterase

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Stress Effects of Chlorate on Longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)Trees: Changes in Nitrogen and Carbon Nutrition

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第6期3卷 237-246页

作者： LU Jiemei YANG Ruitao WANG Huicong HUANG Xuming Physiological Laboratory for South China Fruits College of Horticulture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou agricultural technology extension center

Three-year-old potted longan(Dimocarpus longan ***)trees were treated with potassium chlorate and effects on nitrogen and carbon nutrition were *** results showed that potassium chlorate at 10 and 20 g per pot failed to induce flower but suppressed shoot growth and caused leaf chlorosis and *** treatment significantly inhibited nitrate reductase but increased nitrogen concentration in the leaves and *** of soluble amino acids in the leaves of treated trees increased within 14 days and then declined to the control level,while it increased constantly in *** both organs,the amino acid increase was an all-round one,with all the tested 21 amino acids ***,soluble proteins in the leaves were slightly increased by chlorate,indicating that de novo synthesis of amino acids was *** reduced photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance but slightly increased CO2 concentration in the mesophyll,suggesting that chlorate treatment damaged photosynthetic *** damage was reflected by the destruction of thylakoids and grana in the *** also caused depletion of starch with significant accumulation of soluble sugars in the *** of sugars and soluble amino acids indicates osmotic adjustment in response to the stress caused by chlorate treatment.

关键词： longan potassium chlorate nitrogen nutrition carbon nutrition

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Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1179-1194页

作者： Lichao Zhai Lihua Zhang Yongzeng Cui Lifang Zhai Mengjing Zheng Yanrong Yao Jingting Zhang Wanbin Hou Liyong Wu Xiuling Jia Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050035China Hebei Science and technology Innovation Service center Shijiazhuang 050051China Yongnian agricultural technology extension center Handan 057150China Ningjin agricultural technology extension center Xingtai 055550China

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high *** order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical *** with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior *** effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior ***,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most *** area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or *** with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and ***,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N *** showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position *** conclusion,the combined application of

关键词： chemical fertilizer dry mater accumulation kernel position effect N uptake organic fertilizer

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Microbial Responses of Soil Fertility to Depth of Tillage and Incorporation of Straw in a Haplic Chernozem in Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第4期33卷 693-707页

作者： CHEN Xu SHI Chao HAN Xiaozeng WANG Xiaohui GUO Zhenxi LU Xinchun ZOU Wenxiu YAN Jun Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150081China Beijing Institute of Ecological Geology Beijing 100120China agricultural technology extension center of Wafangdian City Wafangdian 116300China Modern agricultural Development Service center of Tieling county Tieling 112600China

Straw is widely incorporated into soil worldwide,but most studies have concentrated on the effects of straw mulching or incorporation with *** determine the effect of depth of straw incorporation on bacterial and fungal communities,we established a field experiment in a region in Northeast China with Haplic Chernozems using four treatments:conventional tillage(CT,tillage to a depth of 15 cm with no straw incorporation),straw incorporation with conventional tillage(SCT,tillage to a depth of 15 cm),inversion tillage(IT,tillage to a depth of 35 cm)and straw incorporation with inversion tillage(SIT,tillage to a depth of 35 cm).The soils were managed by inversion to a depth of 15 or 35 cm after *** results show that soil organic carbon content was significantly higher and pH and bulk density were significantly lower in the 15–35 cm layer in IT and SIT than CT and *** abundance was higher with straw incorporation,but fungal diversity was lower in the 0–15 cm layer in SCT and SIT than in CT and *** length in the bacterial network was shorter and connectivity was higher in CT+SCT than in IT+SIT,leading to a more complex ecosystem,and the fungal network had opposite *** key taxa in the phylum Actinobacteriota and Ascomycota in the microbial networks changed dramatically at the genus level following inversion tillage with straw amendment,which may increase bacterial network resistance to environmental disturbances and unstable fungal networks,resulting in large changes in the fungal community involved in the decomposition of recalcitrant straw-derived C and the more efficient acquisition of limiting resources.

关键词： soil microbiome inversion tillage conventional tillage straw amendment Haplic Chernozem Northeast China

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Identification of Heterodera schachtii on sugar beet in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1694-1702页

作者： PENG Huan LIU Hui GAO Li JIANG Ru LI Guang-kuo GAO Hai-feng WU Wei WANG Jun ZHANG Yu HUANG Wen-kun KONG Ling-an PENG De-liang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China The National Agro-Tech extension and Service center Beijing 100026P.R.China Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Plant ProtectionXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830091P.R.China agricultural technology extension Service center of Xinyuan county Yining 835800P.R.China Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830006P.R.China

The sugar beet cyst nematode,Heterodera schachtii,is a major parasite of sugar beet which has been recognized and listed as a quarantine nematode in China and more than 20 countries and regions worldwide.A survey for important nematodes was undertaken in the sugar beet planting area of China during 2015-2018,and numerous cysts were collected from sugar beet fields in Xinyuan county,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of *** observations of morphological and morphometric characteristics revealed that cysts,vulval cones and second-stage juveniles of the Xinjiang population were in the same range of each other and within those of other reported *** *** analysis of rDNA-ITS,28S-D2/D3 and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(COI)gene sequences suggested that the Xinjiang population clustered in a branch with those foreign populations,and the sequence similarity was as high as 99.81-100%.Moreover,this result was confirmed by PCR assay with species-specific primer SHF6 and rDNA2 of ***,and the pathogenicity test confirmed successful Xinjiang population reproduction in both plant *** conclusion,based on morphological and molecular characterization,this study confirmed that the cyst nematode population collected from sugar beet fields in Xinjiang is *** far as we know,this is the first report of *** on sugar beets in Xinjiang,China.

关键词： sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii morphological molecular identification

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