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Emission colour tuning in KLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)phosphor

Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 57-65,I0002页

作者： Janani K Gayathri E Vijayatha V Ramasubramanian S Thiyagarajan P Department of Science and humanities Nehru Institute of TechnologyKaliapuramThirumalayampalayamCoimbatoreIndia Department of Sciences Amrita School of Physical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Department of Physics Anna UniversityChennaiIndia

KLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)(Ln=Y,Yb,Gd)phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction technique.For each of the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)/Ho^(3+)co-doped phosphors independently,phase confirmation and morphological examination were accomplished using the X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscope analysis.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows the charge state and existence of lanthanides and dopants.Upconversion luminescence emissions of green and red colour were detected for the synthesized phosphors.The changes in the upconverted emission intensities and colour output pertaining to the change of the lanthanide host matrix along with dopants were investigated for the prepared phosphors.In the upconversion luminescence,erbium-doped samples exhibit a predominance of red emission while holmium-doped samples display a prevalence of green emission.The rare-earth Er/Ho doped KYbF4shows strong red emission compared to other hosts.KYF_(4):Yb,Er/Ho exhibits relatively significant green upconve rsion emissions,while Yb,Er-doped KGdF_(4)host displays a 10-fold increase in green/red emission ratio with an increase in the input power of 20-780 mW.Downshifting photoluminescence studies and decay curve analysis were carried out using UV light excitation for the developed phosphors.A higher lifetime of 2.2 ms was measured for the downshifting red emission in the Ho doped KYbF_(4)sample.This study suggests a potential for colour tunability in the upconversion and downshifting emissions through host modifications to the fluoride phosphor.

关键词： Rare earths Energy transfer upconversion Downshifting Colour coordinates

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Magnesium oxide(MgO) nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： H.C.S.Perera V.Gurunanthanan Anoop Singh M.M.M.G.P.G.Mantilaka G.Das Sandeep Arya Department of Physics Khalifa University Postgraduate institute of Science University of Peradeniya Department of humanities and Sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus Centre for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Department of Physics University of Jammu

Wastewater contamination by heavy metals and synthetic dyes presents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective and sustainable separation techniques. This review article provides a detailed examination of magnesium oxide(MgO) nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatment, with a specific focus on heavy metal and dye removal. The review comprehensively explores various aspects of MgO nanoparticles, including their structural characteristics and synthesis techniques. The article delves into the morphology and crystallographic arrangement of MgO nanoparticles, offering insights into their structural attributes. Given the complexity of adsorption processes, the review identifies and analyzes parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency of MgO nanoparticles, such as temperature, pH, contact time, initial concentration, and co-existing ions. The interplay between these parameters and the adsorption capability of MgO nanoparticles emphasizes the importance of optimizing operational conditions. Furthermore, the review assesses various synthesis methods for MgO nanoparticles, including sol-gel, hydrothermal, precipitation, green synthesis, solvothermal, and template-assisted techniques. It discusses the advantages, limitations, and resulting nanoparticle characteristics of each method, enabling readers to grasp the implications of synthesis processes on adsorption efficiency. This comprehensive review consolidates current insights into the effectiveness of MgO nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater covering a wide spectrum of aspects related to MgO nanoparticles. Moreover, there is a need to investigate the use of MgO in the treatment of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverage its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency for practical water treatment applications in real-time.

关键词： MgO nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatment Heavy metals Dye separation Adsorption Synthesis methods

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Isotopic insights on quantitative assessments of interaction of eco-hydrological processes in multi-scale karst watersheds

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 156-170页

作者： Zhuo Hao Yang Gao Qingwen Zhang Wen Wen Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China School of humanities and Social Sciences Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

The dynamics of hydrological processes and the storage mechanisms of karst water resources are the most important issues in karst hydrology.The impact of environmental changes on water quantity,and the evaluation and quantification of eco-hydrological processes remain poorly addressed.In this study,high-frequency continuous monitoring in multi-scale karst watersheds in Southwest China combined the approaches of water isotopes and the hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory(HYSPLIT)model to identify the recharge mechanisms between atmospheric vapor,rainfall,surface water,and groundwater,and to reveal the interaction of eco-hydrological processes.The dominant moisture sources in Puding(PD)County were the Indian Ocean(43-69%)and local moisture(24-33%).Theδ^(18)O and deuterium excess(d-excess)values showed a positive correlation indicating that secondary or sub-cloud evaporation was prominent in the wet seasons.Karst water line-conditioned excess(lc-excess)indicated that karst water interacted with recent precipitation,groundwater,and evaporation across seasons.Owing to its specific hydrogeological structure,surface water and rainwater have a higher contribution rate to groundwater replenishment.The Chenqi stream replenished the Houzhai River mainly in the form of groundwater,with percentages ranging from 38.1 to 93.5%in the wet season,and 47.8-80.1%in the dry season.In the Houzhai outlet,surface water and groundwater interconverted frequently with a percentage of 45.6-49.1%.We believe this is the first systematic study to quantify the supply relationship between water vapor transport,rainfall,surface water and groundwater in the Chinese karst zone,making a significant move forward in the field of karst hydrological processes and improving the efficiency of water resource evaluation and management.

关键词： Stable isotope Moisture sources Water cycle Karst watersheds

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EPQ model with the effect of inflation and reliability for partial trade credit under fuzzy and cloudy fuzzy environment

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Journal of Management Analytics 2024年第1期11卷 110-134页

作者： Supriya Tiwari Kunal Shah Kajal Bhimani Department of Science and humanities Apollo Institute of Engineering&TechnologyGTUAhmedabadIndia Department of Mathematics SMMPISRKadi Sarva VishwavidyalayaGandhinagarIndia AVAerials 401 Swarnim Business Hub-1 New Chamunda SocietyGodrej Garden CityGotaAhmedabadIndia

The proposed study offers the first-of-its-kind economic production quantity model for deteriorating items having a demand rate to be price dependent under the effect of inflation and reliability with partial trade credit.The model is extended under an uncertain environment by assuming inventory parameters to be triangular fuzzy numbers and cloudy triangular fuzzy numbers.The objective of the study is to maximize the profit of the inventory system and to identify the most suitable environment for the proposed problem.Results are verified using the numerical study.Furthermore,the comparative study is presented to justify the nature of fuzzy and cloudy fuzzy environments.Sensitivity analysis under all environments is conducted to identify the most sensitive parameters of all.

关键词： EPQ partial trade credit inflation reliability triangular fuzzy number cloudy triangular fuzzy number

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The Intervention Path of Fundamental Rights under the Scope of International Private Law

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The Journal of Human Rights 2024年第2期 373-392页

作者：何叶华 SHEN Jinjun the College of humanities and Social Science Nanjing University of Aero-nautics institute of Air and Space Law

In recent years, international private law scholars have argued for the radiating effect of fundamental rights on international private law by introducing constitutional theory. However,there remains a lack of systematic research on how fundamental rights should be integrated into judicial practices concerning foreign-related civil and commercial cases. Throughout the development of international private law, public policy has served as a historical carrier of substantive values for judicial entities and has consistently played a crucial role in value review. In cases of international private law where conflicts arise with the values of fundamental rights, public policy indirectly excludes the legal choice outcomes to safeguard the human rights values inherent in fundamental rights from infringement.However, due to limitations imposed by the degree of connection and relative conditions, traditional paths of public policy have certain constraints and cannot provide comprehensive protection for fundamental rights. Therefore, there is a need for judges to shift their logical paradigms, transcend bilateral choice-of-law models, and introduce a direct intervention path for fundamental rights. This direct intervention path utilizes the logical analysis framework of the protection scope,intervention, and justification of fundamental rights. It can effectively balance conflicting legal interests and maximize the protection of the fundamental rights of the parties involved.

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AI Fairness-From Machine Learning to Federated Learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1203-1215页

作者： Lalit Mohan Patnaik Wenfeng Wang Consciousness Studies Program School of HumanitiesNational Institute of Advanced StudiesBangalore560012India Research institute of Intelligent Engineering and Data Applications Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai201418China Research Center of Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China Applied Nonlinear Science Lab Anand International College of EngineeringJaipur391320India London institute of Technology The ASE-London CTI of SCOLondonCR26EQUK Sino-Indian Joint Research Center of AI and Robotics The IMT InstituteBhubaneswar752054India

This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also discussed.For a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness,many associated concepts have been proposed,formulated and classified.However,the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure fairness.The privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence,the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are unavoidable.The imbalance between algorithms’utility and humanization has further reinforced suchworries.Even for federated learning systems,these constraints on precision AI fairness still exist.Aperspective solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.

关键词： Formulation evaluation classification constraints imbalance biases

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Towards Lessening Learners’Aversive Emotions and Promoting Their Mental Health:Developing and Validating a Measurement of English Speaking Demotivation in the Chinese EFL Context

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第2期26卷 161-175页

作者： Chili Li Xinxin Zhao Ziwen Pan Ting Yi Long Qian School of Foreign Languages Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China Faculty of Education The University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China School of Foreign Languages Henan UniversityKaifeng450046China Research institute of International Chinese Language Education Beijing Language and Culture UniversityBeijing100083China Faculty of humanities The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong100872China School of humanities Wuhan University of Engineering ScienceWuhan430200China

While a plethora of studies has been conducted to explore demotivation and its impact on mental health in second language(L2)education,scanty research focuses on demotivation in L2 speaking learning.Particularly,little research explores the measures to quantify L2 speaking demotivation.The present two-phase study attempts to develop and validate an English Speaking Demotivation Scale(ESDS).To this end,an independent sample of 207 Chinese tertiary learners of English as a Foreign Language(EFL)participated in the development phase,and another group of 188 Chinese EFL learners was recruited for the validation of the scale.Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)were employed to determine the factor structure of the scale.The EFA results revealed a six-factor solution with Teacher-related Factors in Learning Spoken English(TFLSE),Interest and Valence in Learning Spoken English(IVLSE),Self-efficacy in Learning Spoken English(SELSE),Negative Peer Influence in Learning Spoken English(NPILSE),Undesirable Environment for Learning Spoken English(UELSE),and Negative Influence of Assessment and Learning Materials in speaking class(NIALM).In the validation phase,Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)was performed to validate the internal structure of the scale.The CFA results showed that the model fits the data well.Overall,the ESDS is a robust and trustworthy psychometric tool that could be utilized to examine L2 speaking demotivation.Implications for diminishing EFL learners’demotivation,lessening their aversive emotions and promoting their mental health are also discussed.

关键词： Demotivation for learning English speaking ESDS scale development and validation Chinese EFL learners mental health

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An Effective Hybrid Model of ELM and Enhanced GWO for Estimating Compressive Strength of Metakaolin-Contained Cemented Materials

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1521-1555页

作者： Abidhan Bardhan Raushan Kumar Singh Mohammed Alatiyyah Sulaiman Abdullah Alateyah Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaPatnaIndia Department of Computer Engineering and Applications GLA UniversityMathuraIndia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences and Humanities-AflajPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KharjSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Science and ArtsQassim UniversityUnaizahSaudi Arabia

This research proposes a highly effective soft computing paradigm for estimating the compressive strength(CS)of metakaolin-contained cemented materials.The proposed approach is a combination of an enhanced grey wolf optimizer(EGWO)and an extreme learning machine(ELM).EGWO is an augmented form of the classic grey wolf optimizer(GWO).Compared to standard GWO,EGWO has a better hunting mechanism and produces an optimal performance.The EGWO was used to optimize the ELM structure and a hybrid model,ELM-EGWO,was built.To train and validate the proposed ELM-EGWO model,a sum of 361 experimental results featuring five influencing factors was collected.Based on sensitivity analysis,three distinct cases of influencing parameters were considered to investigate the effect of influencing factors on predictive precision.Experimental consequences show that the constructed ELM-EGWO achieved the most accurate precision in both training(RMSE=0.0959)and testing(RMSE=0.0912)phases.The outcomes of the ELM-EGWO are significantly superior to those of deep neural networks(DNN),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),long short-term memory(LSTM),and other hybrid ELMs constructed with GWO,particle swarm optimization(PSO),harris hawks optimization(HHO),salp swarm algorithm(SSA),marine predators algorithm(MPA),and colony predation algorithm(CPA).The overall results demonstrate that the newly suggested ELM-EGWO has the potential to estimate the CS of metakaolin-contained cemented materials with a high degree of precision and robustness.

关键词： Metakaolin-contained cemented materials compressive strength extreme learning machine grey wolf optimizer swarm intelligence uncertainty analysis artificial intelligence

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RAD-seq data reveals robust phylogeny and morphological evolutionary history of Rhododendron

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 866-878页

作者： Yuanting Shen Gang Yao Yunfei Li Xiaoling Tian Shiming Li Nian Wang Chengjun Zhang Fei Wang Yongpeng Ma Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Genomics of institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Guiyang institute of humanities and Technology GuiyangGuizhou 550025China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China The Southwest China of Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 611834China

Rhododendron is famous for its high ornamental value.However,the genus is taxonomically difficult and the relationships within Rhododendron remain unresolved.In addition,the origin of key morphological characters with high horticulture value need to be explored.Both problems largely hinder utilization of germplasm resources.Most studies attempted to disentangle the phylogeny of Rhododendron,but only used a few genomic markers and lacked large-scale sampling,resulting in low clade support and contradictory phylogenetic signals.Here,we used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq)data and morphological traits for 144 species of Rhododendron,representing all subgenera and most sections and subsections of this species-rich genus,to decipher its intricate evolutionary history and reconstruct ancestral state.Our results revealed high resolutions at subgenera and section levels of Rhododendron based on RAD-seq data.Both optimal phylogenetic tree and split tree recovered five lineages among Rhododendron.Subg.Therorhodion(cladeⅠ)formed the basal lineage.Subg.Tsutsusi and Azaleastrum formed cladeⅡand had sister relationships.CladeⅢincluded all scaly rhododendron species.Subg.Pentanthera(cladeⅣ)formed a sister group to Subg.Hymenanthes(cladeⅤ).The results of ancestral state reconstruction showed that Rhododendron ancestor was a deciduous woody plant with terminal inflorescence,ten stamens,leaf blade without scales and broadly funnelform corolla with pink or purple color.This study shows significant distinguishability to resolve the evolutionary history of Rhododendron based on high clade support of phylogenetic tree constructed by RAD-seq data.It also provides an example to resolve discordant signals in phylogenetic trees and demonstrates the application feasibility of RAD-seq with large amounts of missing data in deciphering intricate evolutionary relationships.Additionally,the reconstructed ancestral state of six important characters provides insights into the innovation of key characters in Rhododendron.

关键词： Rhododendron RAD-seq Missing data Quartet sampling(QS) Ancestral state reconstruction

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Development and validation of a prediction model for early screening of people at high risk for colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 450-461页

作者： Ling-Li Xu Yi Lin Li-Yuan Han Yue Wang Jian-Jiong Li Xiao-Yu Dai Department of General Surgery Ningbo No.2 HospitalNingbo 315000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Center for Health Economics Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNingbo 315100Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Global Health Ningbo Institute of Life and Health IndustryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315000Zhejiang ProvinceChina School of Public Health Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a serious threat worldwide.Although early screening is suggested to be the most effective method to prevent and control CRC,the current situation of early screening for CRC is still not optimistic.In China,the incidence of CRC in the Yangtze River Delta region is increasing dramatically,but few studies have been conducted.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient early screening model for CRC.AIM To develop and validate an early-screening nomogram model to identify individuals at high risk of CRC.METHODS Data of 64448 participants obtained from Ningbo Hospital,China between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The cohort comprised 64448 individuals,of which,530 were excluded due to missing or incorrect data.Of 63918,7607(11.9%)individuals were considered to be high risk for CRC,and 56311(88.1%)were not.The participants were randomly allocated to a training set(44743)or validation set(19175).The discriminatory ability,predictive accuracy,and clinical utility of the model were evaluated by constructing and analyzing receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and calibration curves and by decision curve analysis.Finally,the model was validated internally using a bootstrap resampling technique.RESULTS Seven variables,including demographic,lifestyle,and family history information,were examined.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age[odds ratio(OR):1.03,95%confidence interval(CI):1.02-1.03,P<0.001],body mass index(BMI)(OR:1.07,95%CI:1.06-1.08,P<0.001),waist circumference(WC)(OR:1.03,95%CI:1.02-1.03 P<0.001),lifestyle(OR:0.45,95%CI:0.42-0.48,P<0.001),and family history(OR:4.28,95%CI:4.04-4.54,P<0.001)were the most significant predictors of high-risk CRC.Healthy lifestyle was a protective factor,whereas family history was the most significant risk factor.The area under the curve was 0.734(95%CI:0.723-0.745)for the final validation set ROC curve and 0.735(95%CI:0.728-0.742)for the training set ROC curve.The calibration curve demonstrated

关键词： Colorectal cancer Early screening model High-risk population Nomogram model Questionnaire survey Dietary habit Living habit

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