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COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications:updates of emergency medicine

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 104-114页

作者： Jianli Zhao Yaoli Xie Zhijun Meng Caihong Liu Yalin Wu Fuje Zhao Xinliang Ma Theodore A.Christopher Bernard J.Lopeza Yajing Wang Emergency Medicine Department Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and SARS-CoV-2 variants,has become a global pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and *** cases of COVID-19 are characterized by hypoxemia,hyperinflammation,cytokine storm in *** studies have reported an association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease(CVD).Patients with CVD tend to develop severe symptoms and mortality if contracted COVID-19 with further elevations of cardiac injury ***,COVID-19 itself can induce and promoted CVD development,including myocarditis,arrhythmia,acute coronary syndrome,cardiogenic shock,and venous *** the direct etiology of SARS-CoV-2–induced cardiac injury remains unknown and underinvestigated,it is suspected that it is related to myocarditis,cytokine-mediated injury,microvascular injury,and stress-related *** vaccinations having provided the most effective approach to reducing mortality overall,an adapted treatment paradigm and regular monitoring of cardiac injury biomarkers is critical for improving outcomes in vulnerable populations at risk for severe *** this review,we focus on the latest progress in clinic and research on the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 and provide a perspective of treating cardiac complications deriving from COVID-19 in emergency medicine.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease COVID-19 Emergency Medicine SARS-CoV-2

Recent advances in the study of HPV-associated carcinogenesis

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第2期30卷 101-106页

作者： Liyan Jin Zhi-Xiang Xu Division of Hematology and Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Center University of alabama at birmingham Birmingham 35205 USA

Human papillomaviruses(HPVs) cause virtually all cervical cancers, the second leading cause of death by cancer among women, as well as other anogenital cancers and a subset of head and neck cancers. Approximately half of women, who develop cervical cancer die from it. Despite the optimism that has accompanied the introduction of prophylactic vaccines to prevent some HPV infections, the relatively modest uptake of the vaccine, especially in the developing world, and the very high fraction of men and women who are already infected, means that HPV-associated disease will remain as a significant public health problem for decades. In this review, we summarize some recent findings on HPV-associated carcinogenesis, such as mi RNAs in HPV-associated cancers, implication of stem cells in the biology and therapy of HPV-positive cancers, HPV vaccines, targeted therapy of cervical cancer, and drug treatment for HPV-induced intraepithelial neoplasias.

关键词： human papillomavirus(HPV) carcinogenesis vaccine mi RNA cancer stem cell(CSC) cervical intraepithelial neoplasias(CIN) targeted therapy

Augmenting prostate magnetic resonance imaging reporting to incorporate diagnostic recommendations based upon clinical risk calculators

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World Journal of Radiology 2022年第8期14卷 249-255页

作者： Karisma Gupta Jordan D Perchik Andrew M Fang Kristin K Porter Soroush Rais-Bahrami Department of Radiology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Department of Radiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States Department of Urology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Risk calculators have offered a viable tool for clinicians to stratify patients at risk of prostate cancer(PCa)and to mitigate the low sensitivity and specificity of screening prostate specific antigen(PSA).While initially based on clinical and demographic data,incorporation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and the validated prostate imaging reporting and data system suspicion scoring system has standardized and improved risk stratification beyond the use of PSA and patient parameters ***-naïve patients with lower risk profiles for harboring clinically significant PCa are often subjected to uncomfortable,invasive,and potentially unnecessary prostate biopsy *** risk calculator data into prostate MRI reports can broaden the role of radiologists,improve communication with clinicians primarily managing these patients,and help guide clinical care in directing the screening,detection,and risk stratification of PCa.

关键词： Prostatic adenocarcinoma Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging Nomograms Risk calculators Biopsy

Effect of Hepatitis C Treatment on Renal Function in Liver Transplant Patients

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第4期6卷 391-395页

作者： Mohamed Shoreibah John Romano Ornar T.Sims Yuqi Guo DeAnn Jones Krishna Venkata Vishnu Kommineni Jordan Orr Paul Fitzmorris Omar I.Massoud Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Social Work College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Health Behavior School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Center for AIDS Research School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA School of Social Work University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

Background andAims:Hepatitis C Virus(HCV)is uniformly recurrent after liver transplant(LT)and recurrence is associated with an increased risk of *** medications increase the risk of chronic kidney disease,and the presence of chronic kidney disease presents a challenge for HCV treatment in LT *** aim of this study was to assess changes in glomerular filtration rates(GFRs)of LT recipients receiving HCV ***:This is a retrospective study of LT patients who received HCV treatment between 2015 and 2016(n=60).The outcomes of interest were differences in serum creatinine levels and in GFR,measured at treatment initiation and at 24 weeks after *** average age of the patients was 59 years-old,and 17%were cirrhotic and 67%were *** patients received sofosbuvir/ledipasvir without ***:All patients achieved sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment(SVR12).At baseline,55%of patients had GFR60 mL/min per 1.73 *** those patients,GFR did not change in 81%,and 19%had worsened *** the entire cohort,65%of patients had improved or stable GFR and 35%had worsened *** average change in serum creatinine between baseline and 24 weeks was 0.10(p=0.18).Conclusions:This study showed improved or unchanged GFR in 65%and worsened GFR in 35%of LT recipients who achieved *** of GFR was more frequently encountered in those with impaired renal function at *** should be used when treating HCV in LT recipients,especially those with baseline status of renal impairment.

关键词： Hepatitis C Renal function Direct-acting antivirals Liver transplant Treatment

Pulmonary fibrosis:A short-or long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19?

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Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第2期1卷 77-83页

作者： Zhen Zheng Fei Peng Yong Zhou Department of Medicine Division of PulmonaryAllergy and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Respiratory Medicine The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral-South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has caused an enormous impact on the global ***-CoV-2 infec-tion primarily targets the respiratory *** most individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 present mild or no upper respiratory tract symptoms,patients with severe COVID-19 can rapidly progress to acute respira-tory distress syndrome(ARDS).ARDS-related pulmonary fibrosis is a recognized sequelae of *** post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis is resolvable,persistent,or even becomes progressive as seen in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is currently not known and remains a matter of *** the emergence of effective vaccines and treatments against COVID-19,it is now important to build our understanding of the long-term se-quela of SARS-CoV-2 infection,to identify COVID-19 survivors who are at risk of developing chronic pulmonary fibrosis,and to develop effective anti-fibrotic *** current review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the respiratory system and highlights ARDS-related lung fibrosis in severe COVID-19 and the potential *** envisions the long-term fibrotic lung complication in COVID-19 survivors,in particular in the aged *** early identification of patients at risk of developing chronic lung fibrosis and the development of anti-fibrotic therapies are discussed.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) Lung fibrosis

A chromatin modulator sustains self-renewal and enables differentiation of postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2020年第1期12卷 4-16页

作者： Kushani Shah Gwendalyn D.King Hao Jiang Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Neurobiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 3529AUSA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908USA

It remains unknown whether H3K4 methylation,an epigenetic modification associated with gene activation,regulates fate determination of the postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells(NSPCs).By inactivating the Dpy30 subunit of the major H3K4 methyltransferase complexes in specific regions of mouse brain,we demonstrate a crucial role of efficient H3K4 methylation in maintaining both the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of postnatal ***30 deficiency disrupts development of hippocampus and especially the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone,the major regions for postnatal NSC ***30 is indispensable for sustaining the self-renewal and proliferation of NSPCs in a cell-intrinsic manner and also enables the differentiation of mouse and human neural progenitor cells to neuronal and glial ***30 directly regulates H3K4 methylation and the induction of several genes critical in *** findings link a prominent epigenetic mechanism of gene expression to the fundamental properties of NSPCs and may have implications in neurodevelopmental disorders.

关键词： neural stem cell self-renewal differentiation epigenetics H3K4 methylation Dpy30

Dual-thread parallel control strategy for ophthalmic adaptive optics

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Chinese Optics Letters 2014年第12期12卷 66-70页

作者：于永新张宇华 School of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin University Department of Ophthalmology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham AL 35294 USA

To improve ophthalmic adaptive optics （AO） speed and compensate for ocular wavefront aberration of high temporal frequency, the AO wavefront correction is implemented with a control scheme including two parallel threads： one is dedicated to wavefront detection and the other conducts wavefront reconstruction and compensation. With a custom Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor that measures the ocular wave aber-ration with 193 subapertures across the pupil, AO achieves a closed-loop updating frequency up to 110 Hz, and demonstrates robust compensation for ocular wave aberration up to 50 Hz in an AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

关键词： Aberrations Wavefronts

The influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on the development of nephrolithiasis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2018年第4期5卷 215-222页

作者： Carter Boyd Kyle Wood Dustin Whitaker Dean G.Assimos Department of Urology University of Alabama-BirminghamBirminghamALUSA University of alabama-birmingham School of Medicine BirminghamALUSA

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing,afflicting 7%-11% of the United States *** systemic conditions,including obesity and diabetes,are also on the ***,the literature has demonstrated a strong association between metabolic syndrome,its components,and kidney stone *** this article,we aim to review the associations of metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis,discussing the pathophysiology,urinary parameters,and clinical *** this knowledge,urologists will have a more comprehensive understanding of this complex population of metabolic stone formers enabling improved patient management and treatment of stone disease.

关键词： Diabetes Kidney stone Metabolic syndrome Obesity Oxalate Uric acid Urolithiasis

Potential Benefits of Increased Public Transit Ridership in Medium Sized Cities: A Case Study

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第1期12卷 59-79页

作者： Taniya Sultana Virginia P. Sisiopiku Jalal Khalil Da Yan Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA Department of Computer Science University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the United States was leading in the public transit sector, but following World War II, private automobiles became more affordable and gained popularity. Transportation infrastructure investments that increased road capacity further facilitated the increase in automobile use at the expense of reduced public transit ridership. With the increase of dependency on automobiles and the continuing growth of private automobile ownership and use, various problems became major challenges in big cities of USA. These include traffic congestion, air pollution, road and parking infrastructure costs, energy consumption, traffic safety, fewer mobility options for the non-drivers, and a decline in the image and use of public transit. This study uses a medium sized city, birmingham as a case study to investigate the potential of public transit to reduce automobile trips and in turn improve the overall performance of the road network by addressing the abovementioned challenges. An agent-based simulation model was developed for the birmingham metropolitan region using the Multi-agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) platform. Three scenarios were considered with gradually increased transit ridership to identify the benefits of increased public transit. Traffic volume, network average speed, and travel times were used as performance measures for the evaluation of the designated scenarios. Results suggest that modal shifts toward public transit and reduction in travel demand for an automobile can result in improvements in speed and travel time for all users. Therefore, investments for improving transit quality and frequency of service, as well as campaigns to improve the image of public transit and make it a mode of choice for transportation users can increase transit ridership and, in turn, improve network operations, thus are deemed worthy for medium sized cities.

关键词： Public Transit Ridership Modal Shift Transportation Network Operations MATSim