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中国循证医学杂志 2014年第7期14卷 777-782页

作者： Xavier Bosch-Capblanch John N. Lavis Simon Lewin Rifat Atun John-Arne Rottingen Daniel Droesche Lise Beck Edgardo Abalos Fadi El-Jardali Lucy Gilson Sandy Oliver Kaspar Wyss Peter Tugwell Regina Kulier Tikki Pang Andy Haines 王琪(译) 吴琼芳(译) 陈耀龙(审校) 杨克虎(审校) Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland university of Basel BaselSwitzerland McMaster Health Forum Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatisticsand Department of Political ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorwayand Health Systems Research UnitMedical Research Council of South AfricaCape TownSouth Africa Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaGenevaSwitzerland Harvard Kennedy School CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States of America Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales RosarioArgentina Department of Health Policy and Management American University of BeirutBeirutLebanonand McMaster Health ForumMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada School of Public Health University of Cape Town and Department of Global Health and DevelopmentLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUnited Kingdom EPPI-Centre Social Science Research UnitInstitute of EducationLondonUnited Kingdom Centre for Global Health Institute of Population HealthUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Innovation InformationEvidence and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Departments of Social and Environmental Health Research and of Nutrition and Public Health Research London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom 兰州大学循证医学中心/中国GRADE中心兰州大学基础医学院兰州730000 甘肃省循证医学与临床转化重点实验室兰州730000

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第一篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①薄弱的卫生系统阻碍了有效干预的实施,加强此系统的政策需要... 详细信息

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第一篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①薄弱的卫生系统阻碍了有效干预的实施,加强此系统的政策需要基于当前可得的最佳证据;②卫生系统证据最好以政策制定过程参考的指导的形式呈现,但目前卫生系统指导制定质量较差;③将问题、干预及实施相关的研究转化为影响卫生系统组织方式的决策和政策是卫生系统指导制定面临的一个挑战;④制定及时且适用于广大卫生系统利益相关者的指导,并确定评价卫生系统指导质量的方法是另一个挑战;⑤改编现有方法(如用于临床指南的那些方法)制定有意义的建议来应对卫生系统、政策系统及背景的复杂性,尚需进一步研究。

关键词：卫生系统政策指导卫生干预最佳证据临床指南利益相关者 PLoS 制定过程

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Measurement,associations,patterns,and promotion:Unveiling vital areas in physical activity epidemiology

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 605-607页

作者： Kara M.Whitaker Guest editor Michael J.LaMonte Department of Health&Human Physiology University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University of BuffaloBuffaloNY 14214 USA

Physical activity(PA)epidemiology first emerged as a new field of study around the 1950s with publication of seminal investigations on london civil servants1 and has continued to evolve as a scientific discipline to present *** subdiscipline of epidemiology studies the frequencies,distributions,and dynamics of PA and its impact on human health,morbidity,and *** over the past 75 years has demonstrated numerous health benefits of *** on these research findings,the World Health Organization recommends adults aged 18-64 years engage in at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic PA per week,or at least 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week,or a combination of both intensities.

关键词： epidemiology promotion continued

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Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第10期43卷 1691-1691页

作者： Robert L Gottlieb From Baylor university Medical Center and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas (R.L.G.) and Care United Research Forney (S.M.) — all in Texas the Nuren Medical and Research Center Miami (C.E.V.) Evolution Clinical Trials Hialeah Gardens (G.P.) the Midland Florida Clinical Research Center DeLand (G.O.) Luminous Clinical Research–South Florida Urgent Care Pembroke Pines (A.H.) and Triple O Research Institute Professional Association West Palm Beach (O.O.) — all in Florida Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol and IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Barcelona (R.P.) and Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor and Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute Madrid (P.R.) — all in Spain the Cherokee Nation Outpatient Health Center Tahlequah OK (J.M.) Intermountain Healthcare (B.J.W. S.M.B.) and the University of Utah School of Medicine (S.M.B.) — both in Murray Copenhagen university Hospital–Rigshospitalet Copenhagen (B.U.N.) university College london Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the london School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine — both in london (M.B.) the Institute of Liver Health Mesa AZ (Y.S.) Kaiser Permanente Oakland (J.S.) and Gilead Sciences Foster City (K.J. R.H.H. A.O. S.C. G.C. M.A. S.D. N.B.-R. F.D.) — both in California Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School — both in Boston (F.M.M.) Johns Hopkins university School of Medicine Baltimore (M.J.K.) the university of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora (A.A.G.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the university of Washington School of Medicine — both in Seattle (J.T.S. J.A.H.).Dr. Gottlieb can be contacted at or at Baylor University Medical Center Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease 3410 Worth St. Ste. 250 Dallas TX 75246. Francisco M. Marty M.D. is deceased. A complete list of the GS-US-540-9012 (PINETREE) Investigators is provided in the Supplementary Appendix available at ***.

Background:Remdesivir improves clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19).Whether the use of remdesivir in symptomatic,nonhospitalized patients with Covid-19 who are at high risk for disease progression prevents hospitalization is ***:We conducted a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial involving nonhospitalized patients with Covid19 who had symptom onset within the previous 7 days and who had at least one risk factor for disease progression(age≥60 years,obesity,or certain coexisting medical conditions).Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous remdesivir(200 mg on day 1 and 100 mg on days 2 and 3)or *** primary efficacy end point was a composite of Covid-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause by day *** primary safety end point was any adverse event.A secondary end point was a composite of a Covid-19-related medically attended visit or death from any cause by day 28.

关键词： clinical intravenous des

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Challenges and improvement in management of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in China

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Frigid Zone Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 94-102页

作者： Jie Yang Zhuxiao Ren Lingkong Zeng Shiwen Xia Lin Wang Jiayu Miao Zhe Zhao Chuanzhong Yang Xiuyong Cheng Huayan Zhang Yuanfang Zhu Li Liu Xirong Gao Bin Yi Zhenlang Lin Wei Liu Xiaoyu Zhou Benqing Wu Ling Chen Zhankui Li Xuefeng Zhang Wei Lu Lianhong Zhang Xiao Chen Xiaoyun Zhong Falin Xu Jinhui Wu Yong Ji Jiahua Pan Yanxiang Chen Carine Ronsmans Zhichun Feng Department of Neonatology Guangdong Women and Children HospitalGuangzhou 510000China Department of Neonatology Wuhan Children’s HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430000China Department of Neonatology Hubei Women and Children HospitalWuhan 430000China Department of Neonatology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430000China Department of Neonatology Seventh Medical CenterPeople’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100010China Department of Neonatology Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity&Child Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518000China Department of Neonatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Division of Neonatology and Center for Newborn Care Guangzhou Women and Children’s HospitalGuangzhou 510000China Division of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104United States Department of Obstetrics Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s HospitalJinan UniversityShenzhen 518000China Department of Neonatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710000China Department of Neonatology Hunan Children's HospitalChangsha410000China Department of Neonatology Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health HospitalLanzhou 730000China Department of Neonatology Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000China Department of Pediatrics Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430000China Neonatal Medical Centre Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210000China Department of Neonatology The University of Chinese Academy of Science-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518000China Department of Neonatology Northwest Women and Children's HospitalXi’an 730000China Department of Neonatology The Fifth Medical CenterPeople’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100010China Neonatal Intensive Care

Objective:China was the first country suffering from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and one of the countries with stringent mother-neonate isolation measure *** increasing evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)should not be taken as an indication for formula feeding or isolation of the infant from the ***:We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 44 hospitals from 14 provinces in China to investigate the management of neonates whose mothers have confirmed or suspected *** addition,65 members of Chinese Neonatologist Association(CNA)were invited to give their comments and suggestions on the clinical management guidelines for high-risk ***:There were 121 neonates born to 118 mothers suspected with COVID-19 including 42 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 positive results and 76 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 negative *** neonates were born by caesarean section,isolated from their mothers immediately after birth and were *** neonates were positive for SARSCoV-2 at initial testing between 36 and 46 h after *** the confusion on the clinical management guidelines,58.78%of the newborns were put into isolation,32.22%were subject to PCR tests,and 5.16%and 2.75%received breastfeeding and vaccination,***:The clinical symptoms of neonates born to mothers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were mild,though five neonates might have been infected in utero or during *** the favorable outcomes of neonates born to COVID-confirmed mothers,full isolation may not be ***,separation of the mother and her newborn should be assessed on a case-by-case basis,considering local facilities and risk factors for adverse outcomes,such as prematurity and fetal distress.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019 neonates pregnant women infection control

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甲1(H1N1)和甲3(H3N2)型流感病毒在小鼠体内诱导细胞免疫反应的研究

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病毒学报 1985年第1期 12-19页

作者：陶三菊,麦乃歧,G.L.Ada Australian National university. Canberra National Institute for Medical Research Mill Hill 中国预防医学中心病毒学研究所 Australia. John Curtin School of Medical Research U.K Department of Microbiology london

比较了甲型流感病毒A/HK/123/77(H1N1)和A/Qld/6/72(H3N2)及其具有相应表面抗原的两个冷适应基因重分配株(Cold-Adapted Reassortant)的子代毒株CR35和CR6,在小鼠体内诱导初次细胞毒性T细胞(简称Tc)反应的能力。静脉注射相同剂量病毒后... 详细信息

比较了甲型流感病毒A/HK/123/77(H1N1)和A/Qld/6/72(H3N2)及其具有相应表面抗原的两个冷适应基因重分配株(Cold-Adapted Reassortant)的子代毒株CR35和CR6,在小鼠体内诱导初次细胞毒性T细胞(简称Tc)反应的能力。静脉注射相同剂量病毒后第6天,甲3型A/QLd和CR6所诱导的脾细胞Tc活性均比甲1型A/HK和CR35者高100倍。编码内部蛋白的基因相同而表面抗原的基因不同的CR6与CR35所诱导的Tc活性也不同,说明了表面抗原决定着初次Tc反应的强度。用无关的流感病毒A/SW/72(H6N5)攻击已用低剂量(104EID?)病毒致敏的小鼠表明,对A/Qld和CR6致敏者所诱导的第二次Tc活性,比A/HK和CR3S致敏者的稍高;但对用大剂量病毒致敏者,则均能产生同样好的第二次Tc活性。对Tc识别感染靶细胞上的病毒成份进行了讨论。

关键词：流感病毒冷适应重分配株细胞介导免疫

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儿童和青少年静脉补液：NICE指南概要

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英国医学杂志中文版 2017年第4期20卷 230-235页

作者： Julie Neilson Frank O'Neill Dalia Dawoud Peter Clean 粱璐杜忠东 National Clinical Guideline Centre London UK Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo university Cairo Egypt Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children Belfast UK 北京百汇朝外诊所首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院

不恰当的静脉补液治疗可能带来严重后果，包括因低钠血症、低血容量、器官低灌注，以及高血容量、水肿和心力衰竭导致的死亡或神经系统永久损害。儿童对液体的需求与成人不同，有必要建立针对性的特殊指南。本文将对最新版的英国国家健... 详细信息

不恰当的静脉补液治疗可能带来严重后果，包括因低钠血症、低血容量、器官低灌注，以及高血容量、水肿和心力衰竭导致的死亡或神经系统永久损害。儿童对液体的需求与成人不同，有必要建立针对性的特殊指南。本文将对最新版的英国国家健康与临床优选研究所（NICE）相关指南作一概括介绍。

关键词：儿童静脉补液低血容量治疗方法

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Study of the production of Λ_b^0 band ~0 hadrons in pp collisions and first measurement of the Λ_b^0→J/ψpK^- branching fraction

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第1期40卷 1-16页

作者： O.Kochebina M.Kolpin I.Komarov R.F.Koopman P.Koppenburg M.Kozeiha L.Kravchuk K.Kreplin M.Kreps G.Krocker P.Krokovny F.Kruse W.Krzemien W.Kucewicz M.Kucharczyk V.Kudryavtsev A.K.Kuonen K.Kurek T.Kvaratskheliya D.Lacarrere G.Lafferty A.Lai D.Lambert G.Lanffanchi C.Langenbruch B.Langhans T.Latham C.Lazzeroni R.Le Gac J.van Leerdam J.-P.Lees R.Lefevre A.Leflat J.Lefrancois E.Lemos Cid O.Leroy T.Lesiak B.Leverington Y.Li T.Likhomanenko M.Liles R.Lindner C.Linn F.Lionetto B.Liu X.Liu D.Loh I.Longstaff J.H.Lopes D.Lucchesi M.Lucio Martinez H.Luo A.Lupato E.Luppi O.Lupton A.Lusiani F.Machefert F.Maciuc O.Maev K.Maguire S.Malde A.Malinin G.Manca G.Mancinelli P.Manning A.Mapelli J.Maratas J.F.Marchand U.Marconi C.Marin Benito P.Marino J.Marks G.Martellottil M.Martin M.Martinelli D.Martinez Santos F.Martinez Vidal D.Martins Tostes A.Massafferri R.Matev A.Mathad Z.Mathe C.Matteuzzi A.Mauri B.Maurin A.Mazurov M.McCann J.McCarthy A.McNab R.McNulty B.Meadows F.Meier M.Meissner D.Melnychuk M.Merk E Michielin D.A.Milanes M.-N.Minard D.S.Mitzel J.Molina Rodrigue I.A.Monroy S.Monteil M.Morandin P.Morawski A.Morda M.J.Morello J.Moron A.B.Morris R.Mountain F.Muheim D.Miiller J.Muller K.Muller V.Muller M.Mussini B.Muster P.Naik T.Nakada R.Nandakumar A.Nandi I.Nasteva M.Needham N.Neri S.Neubert N.Neufeld M.Neuner A.D.Nguyen T.D.Nguyen C.Nguyen-Mau V.Niess R.Niet N.Nikitin T.Nikodem D.Ninci A.Novoselov D.P.O'Hanlon A.Oblakowska-Mucha V.Obraztsov S.Ogilvy O.Okhrimenko R.Oldeman C.J.G.Onderwater B.Osorio Rodrigues J.M.Otalora Goicochea A.Otto P.Owen A.Oyanguren A.Palano F.Palombo M.Palutan J.Panman A.Papanestis M.Pappagallo L.L.Pappalardo C.Pappenheimer C.Parkes G.Passaleva G.D.Patel M.Patel C.Patrignani A.Pearce A.Pellegrino G.Penso M.Pepe Altarelli S.Perazzini P.Perret L.Pescatore K.Petridis A.Petrolini M.Petruzzo E.Picatoste Olloqui B.Pietrzyk T:.Pilar D.Pinci A.Pistone A.Piucci S.Playfer M.Plo Casasus T.Poikela F.Polci A.Poluektov I.Polyakov E.Polycarpo A.Popov D.Popov B.Popovici C.Potterat E.Price J.D.Price J.Prisciandaro A.Pritchard Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Ffsicas(CBPF) Rio de JaneiroBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ) Rio de JaneiroBrazil Center for High Energy Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina LAPP Universite Savoie Mont-BlancCNRS/IN2P3Annecy-Le-VieuxFrance Clermont Universite Universite Blaise PascalCNRS/IN2P3LPCclermont-FerrandFrance CPPM Aix-Marseille UniversitYCNRS/IN2P3MarseilleFrance LAL Universite Paris-SudCNRS/IN2P3OrsayFrance LPNHE Universite Pierre et Marie CurieUniversite Paris DiderotCNRS/IN2P3ParisFrance Fakultat Physik Technische Universitat DortmundDortmundGermany Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Kernphysik(MPIK) HeidelbergGermany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany School of Physics University College DublinDublinIreland Sezione INFN di Bari BariItaly Sezione INFN di Bologna BolognaItaly Sezione INFN di Cagliari CagliariItaly Sezione INFN di Ferrara FerraraItaly Sezione INFN di Firenze FirenzeItaly Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Prascati FrascatiItaly Sezione INFN di Genova GenovaItaly Sezione INFN di Milnno Bicocca MilunoItaly Sezione INFN di Milano MilanoItaly Sezione INFN di Padova PadovaItaly Sezione INFN di Pisa PisaItaly Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata RomaItaly Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza RomaItaly Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Krak6wPoland AGH-university of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakowPoland National Center for Nuclear Research(NCBJ) WarsawPoland Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest-MagureleRomania Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute(PNPI) GatchinaRussia Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics(ITEP) MoscowRussia Institute of Nuclear Physics Moscow State University(SINP MSU)MoscowRussia Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences(INR RAN) MoscowRussia Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics(SB RAS)and Novosibirsk State university No

The product of the ∧0/b （-B/0） differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-（-B/0→ J/ψ-K＊（892）0）is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, PT, and rapidity, y. The kinematic region of the measurements is pT〈20 GeV/c and 2.0 〈g〈*** measurements use a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb-1 collected by the LHCb detector in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies √s=7 TeV in 2011 and √s=8 TeV in 2012. Based on previous LHCb results of the fragmentation fraction ratio,f∧0/b/fd,the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-is measured to be B（∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-）=（3.17±0.04±0.07±0.34＋0.45/-0.28）×10-4,where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, the third is due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the decay -B/0 →J/ψ-K＊（892）0,and the fourth is due to the knowledge of f∧0/b/*** sum of the asymmetries in the production and decay between ∧0/b and ∧0/bis also measured as a function of PT and *** previously published branching fraction of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pπ-,relative to that of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-,is updated. The branching fractions of ∧0/b→P＋c（→ J/ψp）K-are determined.

关键词： production cross-section branching fraction b hadrons proton-proton collisions

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极尖区电离层离子与地磁活动及太阳风的相关分析

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科学通报 2007年第3期52卷 339-343页

作者：郭建广史建魁 T.L.Zhang 刘振兴 A.Fazakerley H.Rème I.Dandouras E.Lucek 中国科学院空间天气学国家重点实验室 Space Research Institute Aus-trian Academy of SciencesGrazA-8010 Austria Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonHolmbury St.MaryDorking RH5 6NTUK Centred'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements Toulouse 31028France Imperial College LondonS 272B2UK

对2001～2003年间Cluster星簇穿越极尖区期间观测到的电离层起源的离子(O+离子,He+离子和H+离子)特性进行了统计分析,主要研究了这些离子的数密度与地磁活动以及太阳风动压之间的关系.结果表明:O+离子数密度和地磁活动指数Kp之间存在着... 详细信息

对2001～2003年间Cluster星簇穿越极尖区期间观测到的电离层起源的离子(O+离子,He+离子和H+离子)特性进行了统计分析,主要研究了这些离子的数密度与地磁活动以及太阳风动压之间的关系.结果表明:O+离子数密度和地磁活动指数Kp之间存在着正相关关系,He+离子数密度和地磁活动指数Kp不相关,O+离子和He+离子数密度都和太阳风动压之间存在着显著的正相关关系;H+离子数密度与太阳风动压之间存在着正相关关系,而和地磁活动指数Kp不相关.最后,对这些离子的特性与太阳风动压及地磁活动之间的关系进行了讨论.

关键词：极尖区离子 Kp指数太阳风动压

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Preventing Stillbirth:A Review of Screening and Prevention Strategies

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2022年第3期4卷 218-228页

作者： Laure Noël Conrado Milani Coutinho Basky Thilaganathan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège4000 LiègeBelgium Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSP14025-000Brazil Fetal Medicine Unit St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBlackshaw RoadLondonSW170QTUnited Kingdom.

Stillbirth is a devastating pregnancy complication that still affects many women,particularly from low and middle-income *** is often labeled as“unexplained”and therefore unpreventable,despite the knowledge that placental dysfunction has been identified as a leading cause of antepartum ***,screening for pregnancies at high-risk for placental dysfunction relies on checklists of maternal risk factors and serial measurement of symphyseal-fundal height to identify small for gestational age *** recently,the first-trimester combined screening algorithm developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation has emerged as a better tool to predict and prevent early-onset placental dysfunction and its main outcomes of preterm preeclampsia,fetal growth restriction and stillbirth by the appropriate use of Aspirin therapy,serial growth scans and induction of labour from 40 weeks for women identified at high-risk by such *** is currently no equivalent to predict and prevent late-onset placental dysfunction,although algorithms combining an ultrasound-based estimation of fetal weight,assessment of maternal and fetal Doppler indices,and maternal serum biomarkers show promise as emerging new screening tools to optimize pregnancy monitoring and timing of delivery to prevent *** this review we discuss the strategies to predict and prevent stillbirths based on firsttrimester screening as well as fetal growth and wellbeing assessment in the second and third trimesters.

关键词： Biomarkers Fetal growth restriction Placental dysfunction Prevention Screening Stillbirth

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Regional Specialization and Urban Development in England during the Industrial Revolution

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Social Sciences in China 2018年第1期39卷 199-216页

作者： Liu Jinghua Institute of European Civilization Tianjin Normal University

The Industrial Revolution led to the formation of a clear regional specialization in terms of production in England. Northwestern England developed into a modem industrial area, where the secondary industry sector was the main sector. london and its periphery in southeastern England developed mainly domestic and foreign trade, the financial industry and high-level service industry, all of which belong to the tertiary industry sector. The vast intermediate area between the northwest and the southeast mainly developed the first industry sector, namely commercial corn-animal husbandry. This regional economic specialization had a profound impact on urban development, under which the development of the three major regions showed different characteristics in terms of urban functions, city size and regional urban system. Specially, in the intermediate zone, there left traces of rural towns in the pre-industrial period.

关键词： England Industrial Revolution regional specialization urban development

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