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Dairy sheep production research at the university of wisconsin-madison,USA-a review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 127-138页

作者： David L Thomas Yves M Berger Brett C McKusick Claire M Mikolayunas university of wisconsin-madison Department of Animal Sciences Spooner Agricultural Research Station Current address:Merial Ltd Midwest Organic Services Association ViroquaWisconsinUSA

Commercial milking of sheep is a new agricultural industry in the United States starting approximately 30 yr ago. The industry is still small, but it is growing. The majority of the sheep milk is used in the production of specialty cheeses. The United States is the major importer of sheep milk cheeses with 50 to 60% of annual world exports coming to the United States during the past 20 yr. Therefore, there is considerable growth potential for the industry in the United States. The only dairy sheep research flock in North America is located at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the university of wisconsin-madison. The research program started in 1993 and has been multifaceted; dealing with several areas important to commercial dairy sheep farmers. The East Friesian and Lacaune dairy breeds were compared and introduced to the industry through the research program. Both dairy breeds produced significantly more milk than traditional meat-wool breeds found in the U.S., but the two breeds differed in their production traits. East Friesian-cross ewes produced more lambs and slightly more milk than Lacaune-cross ewes whereas Lacaune-cross ewes produced milk with a higher percentage of fat and protein than East Friesian-cross ewes. Lactation physiology studies have shown that ewes with active corpora lutea have increased milk yields, oxytocin release during milking is required to obtain normal fat percentages in the milk, large udder cisterns of dairy ewes can allow for increased milking intervals, and short daylengths during late pregnancy results in increased milk yield. In the nutrition area, legume-grass pastures and forages with a higher percentage of legume will result in increased milk production. Grazing ewes respond to additional supplementation with increased milk yield, but it is important to match the supplement to the quality of the grazing. Ewes on high quality legume-grass pastures that are high in rumen degradable protein respond with increased milk

关键词： Dairy sheep East Friesian Grazing Lacaune Lactation physiology Nitrogen efficiency RDP RUP Supplementation

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Materials advancements for the safety and patency of implantable cardiovascular devices

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8977-8989页

作者： Zulmari Silva Pedraza Bo Liu Xudong Wang Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin−MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53706USA Departments of Cell and Regenerative Biology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53705USA

Implantable cardiovascular devices have revolutionized the management of cardiovascular diseases,significantly enhancing patients’quality of *** the increasing demand of cardiac implantable electronic devices,the imperative for novel device development is *** review article first elaborates the mechanisms underlying foreign body response and infection,elucidating the complex interplay between implanted constructs and host *** discussion then focuses on current advancements in materials science and engineering aimed at mitigating these *** innovations,such as drugeluting materials,surface modifications,and biomimetic materials,are explored as strategies to modulate these responses and to prevent fibrotic or thrombotic complications and ***,future directions in materials development for implantable cardiovascular devices are *** addressing safety and patency concerns through innovative material strategies,this article aims to guide the research and development of advanced materials for both current and future cardiovascular implantable devices,ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing cardiovascular disease treatment.

关键词： biomaterials implantable devices cardiovascular diseases implantable materials

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Nanofabricated high turn-density spiral coils for on-chip electromagneto-optical conversion

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 181-192页

作者： Ilhan Bok Alireza Ashtiani Yash Gokhale Jack Phillips Tianxiang Zhu Aviad Hai Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWIUSA wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering(WITNe) University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Circuit-integrated electromagnets are fundamental building blocks for on-chip signal transduction,modulation,and tunability,with specific applications in environmental and biomedical micromagnetometry.A primary challenge for improving performance is pushing quality limitations while minimizing size and fabrication complexity and retaining spatial *** efforts have exploited highly involved three-dimensional synthesis,advanced insulation,and exotic material ***,we present a rapid nanofabrication process that employs electron beam dose control for high-turn-density diamond-embedded flat spiral coils;these coils achieve efficient on-chip electromagnetic-to-optical signal *** fabrication process relies on fast 12.3 s direct writing on standard poly(methyl methacrylate)as a basis for the metal lift-off *** with 70 micrometer overall diameters and 49–470 nm interturn spacings with corresponding inductances of 12.3–12.8 nH are *** utilize optical micromagnetometry to demonstrate that magnetic field generation at the center of the structure effectively correlates with finite element modeling *** designs based on our process can be integrated with photolithography to broadly enable optical magnetic sensing and spin-based computation.

关键词： utilize retaining high

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Double-layer probiotic encapsulation for enhanced bacteriotherapy against inflammatory bowel disease

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9103-9110页

作者： Yixin Wang Jun Liu Sichen Yuan Yawen You Quanyin Hu Pharmaceutical Sciences Division School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA Carbone Cancer Center School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is inflammatory intestinal disorders associated with dysregulated gut *** that leverages bacteria as therapeutics has shown tremendous promise in resolving gut dysbiosis and reducing inflammatory mediators to treat *** delivered probiotics,such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917(EcN),can produce beneficial ingredients,competitively inhibit the proliferation of pathogens,and promote the restoration of gut microbiome ***,environmental stresses(such as gastric acids)in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract pose an enormous challenge to the probiotics following oral administration,leading to decreases in viability and activity of ***,the inferior mucoadhesive capability of probiotics results in low colonization efficacy,further compromising their therapeutic *** probiotics with functional biomaterials may protect them from elimination and prolong their retention in the GI ***,we developed a facile double-layer electrostatic assembly technique to encapsulate EcN bacteria in protective layers of mucoadhesive chitosan(CS)and immunomodulatory hyaluronic acid(HA)to generate *** biomaterials confer the coated EcN resistance to environmental assault and enhanced mucoadhesion in the GI *** probiotics equipped with the multifunctional shield can thus suppress inflammation and reshape the intestinal microenvironment to enhance therapeutic efficacy for the prevention and treatment of ***,this study presents a novel probiotic coating strategy to augment the outcome of bacteriotherapy to combat IBD.

关键词： probiotics biomaterial coating inflammatory bowel disease mucoadhesion oral administration

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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles M.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro Rylie M.Roddick Jae Sung Lee William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

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Kinetic network models to elucidate aggregation dynamics of aggregation-induced emission systems

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 1-8页

作者： Zige Liu Michae L.Kalin Bojun Liu Siqin Cao Xuhui Huang Theoretical Chemistry Institute Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Biophysics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a phenomenon where a molecule that is weakly or non-luminescent in a diluted solution becomes highly emissive when *** luminogens(AIEgens)hold promise in diverse applications like bioimaging,chemical sensing,and *** in AIE luminescence is also critical for understanding aggregation kinetics as the aggregation process is an essential component of AIE *** investigation of AIEgen aggregation is challenging due to the fast timescale of the aggregation and the amorphous aggregate *** simulations such as molecular dynamics(MD)simulation provide a valuable approach to complement experiments with atomic-level knowledge to study the fast dynamics of aggregation ***,individual simulations still struggle to systematically elucidate heterogeneous kinetics of the formation of amorphous AIEgen *** network models(KNMs),constructed from an ensemble of MD simulations,hold great potential in addressing this *** these models,dynamic processes are modeled as a series ofMarkovian transitions occurring among metastable conformational states at discrete time *** this perspective article,we first review previous studies to characterize the AIEgen aggregation kinetics and their *** then introduce KNMs as a promising approach to elucidate the complex kinetics of aggregations to address these *** importantly,we discuss our perspective on linking the output of KNMs to experimental observations of time-resolved AIE *** expect that this approach can validate the computational predictions and provide great insights into the aggregation kinetics for AIEgen *** insights will facilitate the rational design of improved AIEgens in their applications in biology and materials sciences.

关键词： hydrophobic aggregation kinetic network models molecular dynamics simulations

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A REDUCED ORDER SCHWARZ METHOD FOR NONLINEAR MULTISCALE ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS BASED ON TWO-LAYER NEURAL NETWORKS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第2期42卷 570-596页

作者： Shi Chen Zhiyan Ding Qin Li Stephen J.Wright Mathematics Department University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Mathematics University of California-BerkeleyBerkeley CA 94720USA Mathematics Department and Discovery Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI 53706USA Computer Sciences Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

Neural networks are powerful tools for approximating high dimensional data that have been used in many contexts,including solution of partial differential equations(PDEs).We describe a solver for multiscale fully nonlinear elliptic equations that makes use of domain decomposition,an accelerated Schwarz framework,and two-layer neural networks to approximate the boundary-to-boundarymap for the subdomains,which is the key step in the Schwarz ***,the boundary-to-boundary map requires solution of boundary-value elliptic problems on each *** leveraging the compressibility of multiscale problems,our approach trains the neural network offline to serve as a surrogate for the usual implementation of the boundary-to-boundary *** method is applied to a multiscale semilinear elliptic equation and a multiscale p-Laplace *** both cases we demonstrate significant improvement in efficiency as well as good accuracy and generalization performance.

关键词： Nonlinear homogenization Multiscale elliptic problem Neural networks Do-main decomposition

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Network analyses:Inhibition of androgen receptor signaling reduces inflammation in the lung through AR-MAF-IL6 signaling axes

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 140-143页

作者： Albert R.Wang Andrew M.Baschnagel Zijian Ni Sean R.Brennan Hypatia K.Newton Darya Buehler Christina Kendziorski Randall J.Kimple Gopal lyer Department of Human Oncology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA university of wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center MadisonWI 53705USA Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA

Androgen receptor(AR)is a major transcription factor that plays a role in inflammatory response including interleukin-6(IL6)signaling.1 While AR regulation through paracrine loop signaling in prostate tissue is well-studied,its impact through an IL6 autocrine loop in the lung has not been wellstudied despite the organ's response to respiratory viral *** inhibition and RNA knockdown of AR identified a bZIP transcription factor MAF to be a common target of inflammation using these perturbations in lung cells.

关键词： inflammation lung respiratory

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Innovative hydrogel-based delivery systems for immunotherapy:A review of pre-clinical progress

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9031-9043页

作者： Narsimha Mamidi Michael Poellmann Kaila Javius-Jones KiChang Nam Seungpyo Hong wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA Pharmaceutical Sciences Division School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA Department of Medical Engineering College of MedicineDongguk UniversityGoyang 10326Republic of Korea Department of Pharmacy Yonsei UniversityIncheon 21983Republic of Korea Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA

Immunotherapy has markedly reinvented how we treat cancer,as shown by numerous Food and Drug Administration(FDA)drug approvals that have made significant clinical impact and ongoing clinical ***,undesirable side effects,such as autoimmunity and inflammation,and inconsistent clinical outcomes remain a major *** response rates across various immunotherapeutic reagents is imperative to enhance overall effectiveness and reduce adverse side *** address this challenge,interdisciplinary approaches have been explored by incorporating immunotherapies into hydrogels,enabling finecontrolled delivery to target *** review focuses on recent progress in the utilization of hydrogel-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy and their potential to further enhance treatment response ***,recent preclinical advances in hydrogels implemented with immune checkpoint inhibitors,combination therapies,and vaccines,along with selfassembled peptide hydrogels,are *** also discuss technological advances and drawbacks in this area and provide insights to ultimately realize the clinical application of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy drug delivery hydrogels immunotherapeutic agents immune modulation clinical outcomes

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Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 954-965页

作者： Yimeng Chen Manuel Legrée Jean-Louis Bobet Alexander Kvit CAMECA Instruments Inc MadisonWI 53711USA ICMCB Universitéde BordeauxPessacCEDEX 33608France NIAC&Materials Science Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg *** current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal *** on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg ***-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) *** addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding *** results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Long-range ordering Atom probe tomography(APT) STEM HAADF Hydrolysis properties.

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