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Training in translational research for graduate students at the university of toronto

中国病理生理杂志 2009年第11期25卷 2242-2242页

作者： Ori D. Rotstein Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto

The Institute of Medical Science (IMS) was established as an institute within the School of Graduate Studies at the university of toronto in 1968 to serve as a graduate unit for the Clinical Departments in the Faculty of Medicine. In this role,the IMS offers a doctoral stream program in medical science leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. Translational research,as a means of moving new discovery to improvement in patient outcome,has become a central theme of graduate education in our Institute. To this end,we have developed a curriculum offering which is intended to provide all new students with a defined skill set relevant to Translational Research and at the same time,to provide students with flexible offerings which would enhance their specific research programs. The course,spread over two years,will have three separate components:(1) there will be lectures focusing on research fundamentals and the basics of translational research; (2) there will be student presentations to hone presentation skills and get valuable feedback from fellow students and faculty mentors; (3) there will be elective modules,where students can select from a number of course offerings in order to round out training. These modules include subjects such as the fundamentals of clinical trials,the basics of qualitative research,an approach to the role of proteomics and genomics in research and the business of science. As part of this modular program,we have created a program 'clinical exposure for non-clinicians' with the hope that graduate students will be able to gain some understanding of the clinical relevance of their research activities. Over time,these modular offerings will be expanded based on a needs assessment from our students. The presentation will describe the IMS and its mission and will overview the structure and content of this course offering.

关键词：研究生教育多伦多大学转化型训练医学科学博士学位医学院硕士学位

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Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1395-1396页

作者： Jack W.Hickmott Cindi M.Morshead Department of Surgery University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research TorontoONCanada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada The KITE Research Institute Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

Over the last two decades,the dogma that cell fate is immutable has been increasingly challenged,with important implications for regenerative *** brea kth rough discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be generated from adult mouse fibroblasts is powerful proof that cell fate can be *** exciting extension of the discovery of cell fate impermanence is the direct cellular reprogram ming hypothesis-that terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into other adult cell fates without first passing through a stem cell state.

关键词： programming passing proof

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana university School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Light Use Efficiency Model Based on Chlorophyll Content Better Captures Seasonal Gross Primary Production Dynamics of Deciduous Broadleaf Forests

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Chinese Geographical Science 2025年第1期35卷 55-72页

作者： YANG Rongjuan LIU Ronggao LIU Yang CHEN Jingming XU Mingzhu HE Jiaying State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Ecogeographical Processes of the Ministry of Education School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Department of Geography and Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada

Gross primary production(GPP)is a crucial indicator representing the absorption of atmospheric CO_(2) by *** present,the estimation of GPP by remote sensing is mainly based on leaf-related vegetation indexes and leaf-related biophysical para-meter leaf area index(LAI),which are not completely synchronized in seasonality with *** this study,we proposed chlorophyll content-based light use efficiency model(CC-LUE)to improve GPP estimates,as chlorophyll is the direct site of photosynthesis,and only the light absorbed by chlorophyll is used in the photosynthetic *** CC-LUE model is constructed by establishing a linear correlation between satellite-derived canopy chlorophyll content(Chlcanopy)and *** method was calibrated and validated utiliz-ing 7-d averaged in-situ GPP data from 14 eddy covariance flux towers covering deciduous broadleaf forest ecosystems across five dif-ferent climate *** showed a relatively robust seasonal consistency between Chlcanopy with GPP in deciduous broadleaf forests under different climatic *** CC-LUE model explained 88% of the in-situ GPP seasonality for all validation site-year and 56.0% of in-situ GPP variations through the growing season,outperforming the three widely used LUE models(MODIS-GPP algorithm,Vegetation Photosynthesis Model(VPM),and the eddy covariance-light use efficiency model(EC-LUE)).Additionally,the CC-LUE model(RMSE=0.50 g C/(m^(2)·d))significantly improved the underestimation of GPP during the growing season in semi-arid region,re-markably decreasing the root mean square error of averaged growing season GPP simulation and in-situ GPP by 75.4%,73.4%,and 37.5%,compared with MOD17(RMSE=2.03 g C/(m^(2)·d)),VPM(RMSE=1.88 g C/(m^(2)·d)),and EC-LUE(RMSE=0.80 g C/(m^(2)·d))*** chlorophyll-based method proved superior in capturing the seasonal variations of GPP in forest ecosystems,thereby provid-ing the possibility of a more precise depiction of forest seasonal carbon uptake.

关键词： canopy chlorophyll content(Chlcanopy) photosynthesis gross primary production(GPP) light use efficiency(LUE)model seasonal dynamics deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF)

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Multi-Objective optimization for stable and efficient cargo transportation of partial space elevator

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 17-29页

作者： Gefei Shi Zheng H.Zhu School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation Shenzhen 518107China Department of Mechanical Engineering York University4700 Keele StreetTorontoCanada

This paper proposed a new libration decoupling analytical speed function(LD-ASF)in lieu of the classic analytical speed function to control the climber's speed along a partial space elevator to improve libration stability in cargo *** LD-ASF is further optimized for payload transportation efficiency by a novel coordinate game theory to balance competing control objectives among payload transport speed,stable end body's libration,and overall control input via model predictive *** transfer period is divided into several sections to reduce computational *** validity and efficacy of the proposed LD-ASF and coordinate game-based model predictive control are demonstrated by computer *** results reveal that the optimized LD-ASF results in higher transportation speed,stable end body's libration,lower thrust fuel consumption,and more flexible optimization space than the classic analytical speed function.

关键词： Partial space elevator Stable transportation Libration decoupling analytical speed function Coordinate game Model predictive control Pareto optimization

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Gradient‑Layered MXene/Hollow Lignin Nanospheres Architecture Design for Flexible and Stretchable Supercapacitors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 447-462页

作者： Haonan Zhang Cheng Hao Tongtong Fu Dian Yu Jane Howe Kaiwen Chen Ning Yan Hao Ren Huamin Zhai Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Sustainable Pulp and Paper Technology and Biomass Materials NanJing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoON M5S 3E5Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto184 College StreetTorontoON M5S 3E4Canada College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China

With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has *** this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable *** depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene ***,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of *** these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the *** addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the *** electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),***,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release *** study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.

关键词： Hollow lignin nanospheres MXene Gradient-layered architecture Wrinkled electrodes Stretchable supercapacitors

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Real-world cost-effectiveness of targeted temperature management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: results from an academic medical center

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025年第1期16卷 28-34页

作者： Wachira Wongtanasarasin Daniel K.Nishijima Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai Jeff rey S.Hoch Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Davis School of MedicineSacramento 95817USA Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program Ministry of Public HealthBangkok 11000Thailand Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoToronto M5T 3M6Canada Division of Health Policy and Management Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramento 95817USA Center for Healthcare Policy and Research University of California Davis School of MedicineSacramento 95817USA

BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with that of conventional care in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) survivors using clinical patient-level ***: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center in the USA to assess the cost-effectiveness of TTM in adult non-traumatic OHCA survivors between 1 January, 2019 and 30 June, 2023. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs) were calculated and compared with various decision makers' willingness to pay. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were utilized to evaluate the economic attractiveness of TTM. Uncertainty about the incremental cost and effect was explored with a 95% confidence ***: Among 925 non-traumatic OHCA survivors, only 30(3%) received TTM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the TTM group did not demonstrate a significantly lower cost(delta cost-$5,141, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: $-35,347 to $25,065, P=0.79) and higher survival to hospital discharge(delta effect 6%, 95% CI:-11% to 23%, P=0.41). Additionally, a 95% confidence ellipse indicated uncertainty reflected by evidence that the true value of the ICER could be in any of the quadrants of the cost-effectiveness ***: Although TTM did not demonstrate a clear survival benefit in this study, its potential cost-effectiveness warrants further investigation with larger sample sizes. These findings highlight the need for additional research to optimize TTM use in OHCA care and inform resource allocation decisions.

关键词： Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Targeted temperature management Cost-effectiveness Survival Real-world data

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Effects of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2025年第1期14卷 29-49页

作者： Yanyan Tian Jiayue Xia Lihua Li Ligang Yang Hua Xiao Guoping Gao Yuanyuan Wang Chen Zhang Tiange Bu Guiju Sun Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009China Lianshui People’s Hospital Affi liated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical university Huai’an 223400China Gong’an County People’s Hospital Jingzhou 434300China Department of Nutritional Sciences University of TorontoToronto M5S 1A1Canada

A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March *** was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects ***-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for ***-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo *** meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in pati

关键词： Probiotic Prebiotic Synbiotic Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular risk factors Systematic review and meta-analysis

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First Search for Pulsed CH Maser Emission Stimulated by a Pulsar

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第2期25卷 62-71页

作者： Mengting Liu Di Li J.R.Dawson Joel M.Weisberg George Hobbs Ningyu Tang Gan Luo Duo Xu Donghui Quan Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Department of Astronomy Tsinghua University National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences CSIRO Astronomy & Space Science Australia Telescope National Facility School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences and Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre Macquarie University Department of Physics and Astronomy Carleton College Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique 300 Rue de la Piscine Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto 60 St.George Street

We present the first search for pulsed CH maser emission potentially stimulated by PSR J1644-4559,conducted using the ultra-wide-bandwidth low-frequency receiver on Murriyang,CSIRO's Parkes Radio *** targeted three CHΛ-doublet transitions at 3264,3335,and 3349 MHz,with a variability timescale of78 *** detected ten CH emission features at 3335 and 3349 MHz,and seven features at 3264 MHz,during both pulsar-ON and pulsar-OFF *** observed velocities align with the OH emission and absorption reported by a previous study,suggesting a close spatial association between CH and OH *** derived column densities for CH clouds within the Parkes beam range from 0.05 to 9.8×1013cm-2,indicating that these clouds are likely in diffuse and translucent *** limits for CH column densities within the pulsar beam ranged from 0.3 to 9.8×*** of these column densities suggests that CH clouds may exhibit clumpiness and *** significant stimulated emission feature was detected in the optical depth ***,as part of our search for pulsed stimulated emission,we investigated the potential CH absorption of the pulsar signal and found none,in agreement with astrophysical *** upper limits for the potential maser amplification factors towards PSR J1644-4559 at 3264,3335,and 3349 MHz are 1.014,1.009,and 1.009,*** study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting pulsed CH maser emission in the interstellar medium stimulated by pulsar photons.

关键词： (stars:) pulsars: general ISM: molecules masers

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Intermediality in Nineteenth-Century British Popularizations of Science

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自然辩证法通讯 2025年第1期47卷 53-67页

作者： Bernard Lightman Department of Humanities York UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3Canada

The public culture of nineteenth century science in Britain,especially from the mid-century on,was composed of a rich entanglement of *** important communicators of science in the nineteenth century were“intermedial”in their *** I will argue that the roots of modern intermediality lie in the nineteenth century,when the popularization of science in books,periodicals,lectures,museums,and exhibitions really started to take *** there were numerous sites where science was popularized,they shared three distinguishing characteristics:they embraced miscellaneity;they claimed to be educational;and they aimed to entertain their *** what follows I will focus on how John George Wood,John Henry Pepper,Francis Buckland,Richard Anthony Proctor and George Henry Bachhoffner communicated science to the public in similar ways,practising in an intermedial fashion-though they would not have recognised the form-across a variety of different media.

关键词： Intermediality Popularization of science British nineteenth century science Miscellaneity Education Entertainment

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