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Unintended Pregnancy Determinants among Antenatal Clinic Attendees: A university of port harcourt teaching hospital Experience

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 229-245页

作者： Ijeoma Chioma Oppah Terhemen Kasso Emmanuel Okwudili Oranu Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

An unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that is either mistimed or unplanned. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancy as well as to document the determinant factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH), port harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 215 women attending the antenatal clinic of UPTH from July to August 2022. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive history, desirability of the current pregnancy at the time of conception, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods were collected using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Chi-square test was used for test of associations with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. The prevalence rate of unintended pregnancy from the study was 16.28% (≈16%). The contraceptive awareness was very high (209, 97.21%), however, 101 (46.98%) participants had never used any form of contraceptives. Univariate analysis using Chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between age and unintended pregnancy (P = 0.042), level of education and unwanted pregnancy (P = 0.033) as well as parity and unintended pregnancy (P = 0.019). The prevalence of unintended pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinics was high, possibly due to low contraceptive usage. More efforts should be geared towards ensuring access to comprehensive contraceptive care and contraceptive methods, this will enhance uptake and reduce the rate of unintended pregnancy.

关键词： Unintended Pregnancy Determinants Prevalence Antenatal Attendees

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Tuberculosis among School Age (6 - 18 Years) Children Seen in university of port harcourt teaching hospital: A Need for Effective School Health Services

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第2期7卷 109-117页

作者： Balafama A. Alex-Hart Nsirimobu I. Paul Rosemary O. Ugwu university of port harcourt teaching hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) still causes significant morbidity and mortality amongst adults and children despite all the efforts which have been put into the control of the disease. However, the prevalence of the disease in school age children is unknown because of scarcity of TB screening surveys in Nigerian schools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of school age children treated for TB in the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) clinic of university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH). Methods: The records of all children 6 to 18 years who were treated in the DOTS clinic from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Information sought included age, sex, sputum Acid Fast Bacillus (AFB) status, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status and treatment outcome. Results: One hundred and forty children aged 6 to 18 years were treated in the university port harcourt teaching hospital DOTS clinic, representing 41.79% of childhood TB cases seen over the study period. Seventy one (50.71%) patients were males and 69 (49.29%) were females. Their mean age was 12 ± 3.86. Thirty-one (22.14%) had smear positive TB. Sputum smear positivity was commonest (54.84%) among those who were 16 years and above compared to the other age groups and this is statistically significant (x2 = 17.72, p = 0.001). Forty-one (35%) patients were HIV positive and 6 (4.29%) were positive for both HIV and AFB. Ninety (64.29%) patients recovered fully following treatment, 48 (34.29%) were referred to other DOTS centres and 2 (1.43%) died. Gender, age group, AFB and HIV status showed no relationship with treatment outcome. Conclusion: School age children 6 to 18 years made up a large proportion of childhood TB cases seen within the study period in the DOTS clinic. More than one third of them were HIV/TB co-infected. An effective School Health Services should be established in schools in port harcourt to curb the spread of TB and other communicable diseases within the schools.

关键词： Tuberculosis School Age university of port harcourt teaching hospital

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Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital, Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第3期7卷 170-183页

作者： Balafama A. Alex-Hart Nsirimobu I. Paul Department of Paediatrics University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Despite the fact that Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable, treatable and curable, it has remained a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Identifying patterns of TB and its treatment outcome which is the aim of this study is relevant for TB control programmes. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out over a three-month period from April-June 2019 at the directly observed treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of the university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. Relevant information on all children 0 - 18 years with tuberculosis over a four-year period from January 2015 to December 2018 was retrieved and analysed. Information retrieved included the age, sex, HIV status, method of diagnosis of tuberculosis, type of Tuberculosis and the treatment outcome of the patients. Results: There were 202 childhood (0 - 18 years) cases seen over the study period. Out of these, 109 (53.96%) were males and 93 (46.04%) females. Majority of them (40.59%) were 1 - 4 years of age. There were 194 (96.04%) new cases, 6 (2.9%) transfer and 2 (0.99%) retreatment cases. One hundred and six (80.69%) had pulmonary TB, 23 (11.39%) TB adenitis, 10 (4.95%) had TB spine, 3 (1.49%) TB abdomen and 3 (1.49%) TB meningitis. TB/HIV co-infection rate was 48.45%. One hundred and eight completed treatment, 10 (4.95%) were cured, 22 (10.89%) died, 46 (22.77%) defaulted and 16 (7.92%) were transferred out. Successful treatment outcome rate was 58.41%. Conclusion: Pulmonary TB was the commonest type of TB found and treatment success rate was just above average.

关键词： Childhood Tuberculosis Pattern Outcome

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Combined Oral Contraceptive Use at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital, port harcourt, Southern Nigeria: A-20 Year Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第6期5卷 7-17页

作者： John Dimkpa Ojule Emmanuel Okwudili Oranu Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: While the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) is one of the most commonly used methods of birth control especially in the developed countries, robust and current information on the pill use in developing countries including Nigeria is at best lacking. Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate, efficacy and side effects of COCP at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH), port harcourt, Southern Nigeria. Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of all clients who used the COCP between 1st January 1997 and 31st December, 2016, at the family planning clinic of UPTH port harcourt. Data on sociodemographic profile, side effects and source of information were extracted from the clients’ case notes coded and fed into Excel spread sheet and analysed. Results: Of the 8310 new acceptors of modern contraceptive methods in UPTH, 399 clients used the COCP, giving a prevalence rate of 4.8%. The mean age of the acceptors was 26.42 ± 4.27 years while the mean parity was 1.90 ± 0.36. Menstrual disruption was the most common complications with 78 episodes constituting 47.0% of all the complications. One unintended pregnancy occurred during the period of observation, giving a Pearl index of 0.01. Conclusion: The study showed that although COCP is very effective, readily available, safe and reliable method of fertility control, the acceptance rate is very low and the patronage rapidly declining and may therefore go into extinction as a family planning method in port harcourt, Southern, Nigeria.

关键词： Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill Nigeria port harcourt Twenty Years

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Cardiovascular System Mortalities in Nigeria;Case Study of the university of port harcourt teaching hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第12期9卷 867-878页

作者： Christopher Chinedu Obiorah Obiorah Department of Anatomical Pathology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Studies have suggested epidemiological transition in the mortality pattern in Nigeria from communicable to non-communicable diseases of which Diseases of the cardiovascular system (DCVS) is prime. DCVS is?thus a growing public health concern but its mortality profile is under-studied?in port harcourt. This study was therefore designed to review the mortality profile of DCVS in port harcourt. Methodology: A retrospective case controlled study of deaths ascribed to DCVS at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH) between January 2012 and December 2017. The composite diseases were grouped using the ICD10 scheme and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Minitab version 16 was used for trend analysis. Results: Of the overall 1902 deaths recorded within the period, 566 (29.8%) were cardiovascular system related. Of these, 301 (53.3%) were males and 265 (46.7%) were females. The elderly of 50 - 99 years were most commonly affected (65.5% of the mortalities). Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) accounted for 322 deaths (56.9%);various types of shock caused 116 deaths (20.5%) while?congestive cardiac failure (CCF) accounted for 114 deaths (20.1%). Pulmonary?embolism, myocardial infarction, carotid aneurysm, and hypertensive encephalopathy caused 1.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.2% deaths respectively. Peak annual mortality of 143 (25.3%) was recorded in 2013. Although the trend of mortality was undulating, there was an overall increase in annual incidence over the years.?Conclusion: DCVS constitute the commonest systemic cause?of death in port harcourt. Governmental and donor agencies involved in public health policy planning and implementation should scale-up strategies for the prevention and control of DCVS in order to stem the rising tide of associated mortalities.

关键词： Mortality Diseases Cardiovascular System Stroke port harcourt Nigeria

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Neonatal Cerebrospinal Fluid, Bacterial Analysis as Seen at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital: A Five-Year Review

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第4期6卷 247-250页

作者： Yaguo Ide Lucy Eberechukwu Awopeju Abimbola Temitayo Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is a very important tool in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in the new born. Bacterial meningitis is a potent cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal age group, with a very high incidence of neurological complications. Aim: To identify the bacterial pathogens isolated from the cerebrospinal fluids of neonates at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH) and their sensitivity patterns. This will assist the neonatologist in the choice of empirical antibiotic treatment. Study Design: Retrospective, descriptive, cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: university of port harcourt teaching hospital, from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2014. Methods: Records of bacterial analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from neonates seen at the special care baby unit of the university of port harcourt teaching hospital with clinical suspicion of meningitis between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014 were retrieved from the microbiology record book. Data on patients age, sex, appearance of Cerebrospinal fluid, cell count, microscopy/gram stain, culture and antibiotic sensitivity were retrieved from laboratory record books and entered into a Microsoft? excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: One hundred and thirteen neonates: 70 (61.95%) of these patients were male while 43 (38.05%) were females. Only 1 (0.89%) was positive for culture yielding a growth of Escherichia coli which was sensitive to Imipenem, moderately sensitive to Ampicillin, Gentamicin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillinclavulanic acid. It was resistant to cefotaxime. 112 (99.11%) of the neonates had presumed neonatal meningitis while only 1 (0.89%) had proven neonatal meningitis. Conclusions: There is a low yield of organisms in cerebrospinal fluid of neonates at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital.

关键词： neonates confirmed meningitis suspected meningitis sensitivity pattern Cerebrospinal fluid

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Pattern and antibiogram of urinary tract infection at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第1期3卷 66-69页

作者： Wariso KT Siminialayi IM Odigie JO Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Port Harcourt Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Port Harcourt

Objective:To explore the prevalence,pathogenicity,and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections at the university of port harcourt teaching ***:Samples from 400 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection including 250 non pregnant females and 150 males were used for this *** were distributed into two groups: children aged 2 to 17(Croup A) and adults aged 18 to 75(Croup B).The standard wire loop and agar diffusion technique were employed for culture and susceptibility testing,*** obtained were analysed using SPSS,version ***:30.0%of Group A and 41.0%of Group B had significant bacteriuria with 66.7%and 79.3%as females,*** commonest isolates cultured were Escherichia coli(32.8%),Staphylococcus aureus(17.2%),and Klebsiella spp.(16.4%).About 76.6%of isolates were sensitive to the fluorinated quinolones,31.2%to the aminoglycosides,and 22.7%to the urinary antiseptic,*** isolates were nonsensitive to tetracycline(93.8%),cotrimoxazole(92.2%),and nalidixic acid(86.7%).Most isolates showed non-uniform sensitivity patterns to the cephaloporins(cefuroxime and ceftazidime). Pseudomonas *** were generally resistant to the fluorinated ***: Though the fluorinated quinolones are still largely effective for empirical therapy in urinary tract infections,the importance of prior sensitivity testing in checking the emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance can not be overemphasized.

关键词： Urinary tract infection Bacterial susceptibility Antibiotic resistance port harcourt

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Hepatitis B Vaccination Rate among Medical Students at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital (Upth)

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第1期5卷 1-7页

作者： Ni Paul O. Peterside Department of Paediatrics University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital Okolobiri Nigeria

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Occupational exposure of health care workers and medical students increases their risk of acquiring HBV infection, and many authorities recommend vaccination. However, significant proportions of health care workers do not receive HBV immunization, and remain at increased risk to HBV infection. Objective: To determine the hepatitis B vaccination rate among Medical students at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH) and to determine their knowledge of HBV infection. Result: Three hundred and sixteen medical students at UPTH completed self-administered questionnaires which included questions about demographic characteristics, HBV vaccination status, knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine and reasons for not receiving the vaccine. All (100%) of the respondents had heard of hepatitis B vaccine. Two hundred and twenty two (70.2%) of them thought they were at risk of acquiring hepatitis. Two hundred and seventy (85.4%) had received at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine while 46 (14.6%) had never received the vaccine. One hundred and ten of the respondents had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine, giving a vaccination rate of 34.8%. One hundred and sixteen (36.7%) had received 2 doses, while 44 (13.9%) had received one dose. There was a statistical significant relationship among marital status (p = 0.01), clinical level (p = 0.02) and hepatitis B vaccine uptake. Conclusion: The hepatitis B vaccination rate among medical students at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital is low. National and institutional legislation for adult vaccination against Hepatitis B should be promulgated for those at higher risk.

关键词： Hepatitis B Vaccination Rate UPTH Medical Students

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Pattern of Dermatophytes Isolated in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of the university of port harcourt teaching hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第5期5卷 346-350页

作者： Kennedy T. Wariso Jeremiah A. Igunma Ibinabo L. Oboro Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Dermatophytoses are the most common dermatological conditions but they are however not life threatening or debilitating hence medical care is sought usually due to aesthetic reasons and chronicity of the lesions despite several self-medications. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of dermatophytes isolated in the medical microbiology laboratory of university of port harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH). This is a 5-year desk review of the Dermatophytes isolated in the medical microbiology laboratory of UPTH. Relevant Patients’ data were retrieved and analyzed. A total of seventy (70) dermatophytes were isolated over the five-year period as follows: Trichophyton species accounted for 55 (79%), Epidermophyton species were 8 (11%) and Microsporum species 7 (10%). The peak age range of patients from which dermatophytes were isolated was 31 - 40 years with a male to female ratio of 1:1.7. The majority of patients being 49 (70%) were referred from the dermatology outpatient clinic (DOPC) and the most frequent clinical diagnosis was Tinea corporis. Trichophyton species were the commonest cause of dermatophytoses in adult patients in port harcourt where the most common clinical presentation was Tinea corporis.

关键词： Dermatophytes port harcourt Out-Patients Tinea

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Perception and attitude of theatre staff to preoperative HIV testing at the university of port harcourt teaching hospital

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第2期3卷 145-147页

作者： Odigie JO Siminialayi IM Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Port Harcourt

Objective:To elucidate the awareness and approach to pre-operative human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) testing and emphasis on the attendant components of HIV ***: The study was conducted at the theatres of the university of port harcourt teaching hospital among 123 nursing,anaesthetic,and operating staff.A descriptive cross sectional design was adopted with stratified *** study instrument was a structured,self administered pro ***:All respondents were all aware of HIV infection and all had transmission through infected blood and tissues(100.0%).88.6%had infection through needle stick injuries, 62.6%through vertical transmission,and 98.4%through blood *** three percent of respondents correctly knew what preoperative testing was,while 58.5%were aware of the preoperative testing policy of the *** respondents favoured the policy of preoperative *** values to seropositive patients were not very different as 72.4%of respondents claimed they treated every patient as high risk,and all respondents used personal protective ***:Routine HIV testing now represents a conventional means providing patients with knowledge of their HIV *** testing should be accompanied by informed consent,counselling,confidentiality,protection,and access to treatment.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Pre operative HIV testing university of port harcourt teaching hospital

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