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Impacts and risks of“realistic”global warming projections for the 21st century

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 392-416页

作者： Nicola Scafetta Department of Earth Sciences Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico IIComplesso Universitario di Monte S.AngeloVia Vicinale Cupa Cintia2180126 NaplesNAItaly

The IPCC AR6 assessment of the impacts and risks associated with projected climate changes for the 21st century is both alarming and *** to computer projections,global surface temperature may warm from 1.3℃to 8.0℃by 2100,depending on the global climate model(GCM)and the shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)scenario used for the *** climate-change hazards are estimated to be high and very high if the global surface temperature rises,respectively,more than 2.0℃and 3.0℃above pre-industrial *** studies,however,showed that a substantial number of CMIP6 GCMs run“too hot”because they appear to be too sensitive to radiative forcing,and that the high/extreme emission scenarios SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 are to be rejected because judged to be unlikely and highly unlikely,***,the IPCC AR6 mostly focused on such alarmistic scenarios for risk *** paper examines the impacts and risks of“realistic”climate change projections for the 21st century generated by assessing the theoretical models and integrating them with the existing empirical knowledge on global warming and the various natural cycles of climate change that have been recorded by a variety of scientists and *** is achieved by combining the SSP2-4.5 scenario(which is the most likely SSP according to the current policies reported by the International Energy Agency)and empirically optimized climate *** to recent research,the GCM macro-ensemble that best hindcast the global surface warming observed from 1980 to 1990 to 2012–2022 should be made up of models that are characterized by a low equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS)(1.5℃

关键词： Climate change Climate models Shared socioeconomic pathways 21st-century climate projections Impacts and risks assessment

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Influence of lithospheric thickness distribution on oil and gas basins,China seas and adjacent areas

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第4期43卷 1-14页

作者： Jing Ma Wanyin Wang Hermann Zeyen Yimi Zhang Zhongsheng Li Tao He Dingding Wang School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of EducationChang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China UMR8148 GEOPS CNRS/UniversitéParis-SaclayDépartement des Sciences de la TerreBât.50491405France CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100027China Qingdao Institute of marine geology Qingdao 266071China Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNewfoundland AlB3X5Canada university of naples Federico Ⅱ Department of Earth SciencesNaples80138Italy

The distribution of oil and gas resources is intricately connected to the underlying structure of the ***,investigating the characteristics of lithospheric thickness and its correlation with oil and gas basins is highly *** research utilizes recently enhanced geological–geophysical data,including topographic,geoid,rock layer thickness,variable rock layer density,and interface depth *** the principles of lithospheric isostasy and heat conduction,we compute the laterally varying lithospheric thickness in the China seas and adjacent *** these results,two pivotal parameters for different types of oil and gas basins were statistically analyzed:the minimum lithospheric thickness and the relative fluctuation in lithospheric thickness.A semiquantitative analysis was used to explore the connection between these parameters and the hydrocarbon abundance within the oil and gas *** study unveils distinct variations in lithospheric thickness among basins,with oil and gas rich basins exhibiting a thicker lithosphere in the superimposed basins of central China and a thinner lithosphere in the rift basins of eastern ***,the relative fluctuations in lithospheric thickness in basins demonstrate significant disparities:basins rich in oil and gas often exhibit greater thickness ***,in the offshore basins of China,a conspicuous negative linear correlation is observed between the minimum lithospheric thickness and the relative fluctuation in lithospheric *** study posits that deep-seated thermal upwelling results in lithospheric undulations and extensional thinning in oil and gas ***,sustained deep-seated heat influences sedimentary materials in basins,creating favorable conditions for oil and gas *** insights derived from this study contribute to a quantitative understanding of the intricate relationships between deep lithospheric structures and oil and gas basins.

关键词： China seas and adjacent areas lithospheric thickness oil and gas basins

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High-throughput screening of novel TFEB agonists in protecting against acetaminopheninduced liver injury in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 190-206页

作者： Xiaojuan Chao Mengwei Niu Shaogui Wang Xiaowen Ma Xiao Yang Hua Sun Xujia Hu Hua Wang Li Zhang Ruili Huang Menghang Xia Andrea Ballabio Hartmut Jaeschke Hong-Min Ni Wen-Xing Ding Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Department of Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine TIGEMPozzuoliNaples 80131Italy Medical Genetics Department of Translational MedicineFederico II UniversityNaples 80131Italy Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology&MotilityUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Macroautophagy(referred to as autophagy hereafter)is a major intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that is responsible for the degradation of misfolded/damaged proteins and *** studies showed that autophagy protects against acetaminophen(APAP)-induced injury(AILI)via selective removal of damaged mitochondria and APAP protein *** lysosome is a critical organelle sitting at the end stage of autophagy for autophagic degradation via fusion with *** the present study,we showed that transcription factor EB(TFEB),a master transcription factor for lysosomal biogenesis,was impaired by APAP resulting in decreased lysosomal biogenesis in mouse *** loss-of and gain-of function of hepatic TFEB exacerbated or protected against AILI,***,overexpression of TFEB increased clearance of APAP protein adducts and mitochondria biogenesis as well as SQSTM1/p62-dependent non-canonical nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)activation to protect against *** also performed an unbiased cell-based imaging high-throughput chemical screening on TFEB and identified a group of TFEB *** these agonists,salinomycin,an anticoccidial and antibacterial agent,activated TFEB and protected against AILI in *** conclusion,genetic and pharmacological activating TFEB may be a promising approach for protecting against AILI.

关键词： Autophagy DILI Drug screening Hepatotoxicity Lysosome Mitochondria Mitophagy NRF2

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Post Cryopreservation Growth Kinetic and Photosynthetic Assessment of an Acid Tolerant Strain of Stichococcus bacillaris

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Natural Resources 2024年第5期15卷 130-148页

作者： Marzia Licata Luigi Marra Nunzia Nappi Elena Aurino Feliciana Oliva Antonino De Natale Donato Giovannelli Antonino Pollio Department of Biology University of Naples &#8220Federico II&#8221 Naples Italy ACUF Algal Collection of University of Naples &#8220Federico II&#8221 Naples Italy Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering University of Naples &#8220Federico II&#8221 P.le V. Tecchio Naples Italy Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies Italian National Research Council CNR-IRBIM Ancona Italy Earth-Life Science Institute ELSI Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA Department of Marine and Coastal Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA

Preserving microbial diversity has become a strategic undertaking. Thus, ex situ microalgal culture conservation results in strategic and functional resource in both biodiversity protection and application domains. Cryopreservation of microalgae has been practiced since the 1960s and is now considered the optimal preservation strategy. Furthermore, the overall monitoring during growth of cultures after freezing/thawing protocols was hardly investigated and there is poor evaluation related to preserve especially the photosystem apparatus. The present study focuses on Stichococcus bacillaris as case study for short-term cryopreservation at −80 °C storage. Various freezing pretreatments using cryoprotective agents, and two thawing methods were compared introducing a novel variable to evaluate viability recovery and assessing growth kinetics of cultures immediately after thawing and after a series batch cultivation. Photosynthetic rate and pigments assessment were proposed to evaluate hidden metabolic cell damage. Results underline cryoprotective agents can increase the kinetic recovery of preserved cells in terms of reduction of lag phase during batch cultivation tests: the use of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol granted a growth comparable to unpreserved cells when sudden thawing occurs after 24 hours of storage, but recovery after preservation is less sensitive to cryoprotective agents when gradual thawing and 1 month of storage is considered. However, cells are always able to restore their physiological pathways even without agents, so their kinetic effect has been proved and quantified. Interestingly, both the photosynthetic efficiency and the ratio between total chlorophyll and carotenoids are comparable (0.75 Fv/Fm, 2.2 ± 0.25 g/g) to unpreserved cells and they are unsensitive to chosen agents, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was clearly altered (up to 10 times), suggesting that photoactive pigments relative proportions

关键词： Microalgae Stichococcus bacillaris Cryopreservation Growth Kinetic Photosynthetic Rate

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Antioxidant treatment for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele:a DBPC trial to evaluate the impact of age and body mass index

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 239-244页

作者： Gian Maria Busetto Bernarde F Rodrigues Ashraf Virmani Andrea Checchia Antonella Ninivaggi Anna Ricapito Giovanni Barbieri Piero Fischetti Ugo G Falagario Pasquale Annese Nicola d’Altilia Vito Mancini Matteo Ferro Felice Crocetto Angelo Porreca Carlo Bettocchi Luigi Cormio Ashok Agarwal Giuseppe Carrieri university of Foggia Foggia 71122Italy Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation Policlinico of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Department of Urology Human Reproduction SectionFederal University of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05403-000Brazil Alfasigma Healthscience Utrecht 3528 BGThe Netherlands Urology Unit “G.Tatarella”HospitalCerignola 71042Italy Urology Unit European Institute of Oncology(IEO)IRCCSMilan 20142Italy university of naples Federico II Naples80126Italy Department of Oncological Urology Veneto Institute of Oncology(IOV)IRCCSPadua 35039Italy Urology Unit “L.Bonomo”HospitalAndria 70031Italy Global Andrology Forum Moreland HillsOH 44022USA

Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms responsible for male *** conditions such as varicocele,obesity,advanced age,and lifestyle can lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species,causing an oxidative imbalance in the *** are sensitive to reactive oxygen species and require energy to carry out their main function of fertilizingthe *** reactive oxygen species can affect sperm metabolism,leading to immobility,impaired acrosome reaction,and celldeath,thereby impairing reproductive *** double-blind randomized study evaluated the effect of supplementation withL-carnitine,acetyl-L-carnitine,vitamins,and other nutrients on semen quality in 104 infertile patients with or without varicocele,while also investigating the impact of factors such as obesity and advanced age on *** concentration significantlyincreased in the supplemented group compared to the placebo group(P=0.0186).Total sperm count also significantly increasedin the supplemented group(P=0.0117),as did sperm motility(P=0.0120).The treatment had a positive effect on patients upto 35 years of age in terms of sperm concentration(P=0.0352),while a body mass index(BMI)above 25 kg m^(−2) had a negativeeffect on sperm concentration(P=0.0110).Results were not showing a net benefit in stratifying patients in accordance withtheir BMI since sperm quality increase was not affected by this *** conclusion,antioxidant supplementation may bebeneficial for infertile patients and has a more positive effect on younger patients with a normal weight.

关键词： aging antioxidants body mass index oligoasthenoteratozoospermia varicocele

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When the vermiform appendix resembles a polyp: Be cautious of an intussuscepted appendix polypectomy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第27期12卷 6124-6128页

作者： Raffaele Pellegrino Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Division of Hepatogastroenterology Department of Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaples 80138Italy

This article discusses a recently published case report on a rare instance of type IV appendiceal intussusception with a concurrent mucinous adenocarcinoma of the cecum in a young *** report highlights challenges in diagnosing ap-pendiceal intussusception,emphasizing the importance of endoscopic expertise in preventing impulsive decisions such as inappropriate *** rarity of the concurrent intussuscepted appendix and mucinous cecal cancer is under-scored,prompting consideration of malignancy in appendiceal intussusception ***,the report addresses the increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer and the need for a revaluation of diagnostic paradigms in the context of evolving epidemiological *** awareness of potential misinter-pretations and the imperative for further investigation into this rare condition are emphasized.

关键词： Appendiceal intussusception Colorectal cancer Early-onset colorectal cancer Digestive endoscopy Abdominal pain Bloody stools Diarrhea

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Machine learning as a tool predicting short-term postoperative complications in Crohn’s disease patients undergoing intestinal resection: What frontiers?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第9期16卷 2755-2759页

作者： Raffaele Pellegrino Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Division of Hepatogastroenterology Department of Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaples 80138Italy

The recent study,“Predicting short-term major postoperative complications in intestinal resection for Crohn’s disease:A machine learning-based study”invest-igated the predictive efficacy of a machine learning model for major postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery in Crohn’s disease(CD)***-ploying a random forest analysis and Shapley Additive Explanations,the study prioritizes factors such as preoperative nutritional status,operative time,and CD activity *** the retrospective design’s limitations,the model’s robu-stness,with area under the curve values surpassing 0.8,highlights its clinical *** findings align with literature supporting preoperative nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases,emphasizing the importance of compre-hensive assessment and *** a significant advancement,further research is crucial for refining preoperative strategies in CD patients.

关键词： Machine learning Crohn’s disease Intestinal resection Postoperative complications Preoperative assessment Nutritional optimization Predictive model Gastrointestinal surgery Surgery

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Exploring the Promises and Challenges of Urban Air Mobility (UAM)

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Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2024年第3期9卷 75-84页

作者： Yusuf Karimli Aniello Daniele Marano Engineering Department Landau School Baku Azerbaijan Aerospace Engineering Department University of Federico II Naples Italy

This paper is focused on a higher-level report of a new generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies. Starting from the structural scalability of civil tiltrotors, design strategy and requirements for UAVs, and advanced composite materials, the increased speed and productivity requirements for tiltrotors have spawned several investigations associated with proprotor aero elastic stability augmentation and aerodynamic performance enhancements. The research emphasized the Large Civil Tilt Rotor as the configuration with the best potential to meet the technology goals, and the design, including the challenges of the Large Civil Tilt Rotor (LCTR). The design presented was economically competitive, with the potential for substantial impact on the air transportation system. The research includes some manufacturers of helicopters, drones and tiltrotors carrying out design studies and production of prototypes, as well as research projects aimed at designing, manufacturing, qualifying, and flight-testing the new wing of the Next-Generation Civil Tiltrotor Technology Demonstrator. Promises of Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, UAVs, Digitalization of Urban Air Mobility (UAM), and the “U-space” concept are discussed in the paper. The eight SUMP principles and possibilities of future advancements are emphasized.

关键词： Thermodynamics Aerospace Innovations Sustainable Energy Systems Fluid Dynamics Aeronautical Engineering Green Technology Digital Development of Engineering Urban Air Mobility

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Unusual Case of Unilateral Neonatal Eyeball Luxation: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 69-75页

作者： Abdullah S. Alghamdi Muhammed S. Alrajeh Ahmad S. Alsalem Silvana Schellini Azzah Maktabi Amal Alhumaidan Diego Strianese Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia university of naples Federico II Naples Italy

The newborn infant presented with severe proptosis. Data on clinical history, presentation, photos, radiological imaging, and laboratory results were presented. A literature review was conducted for the case and relevant treatment modalities. The surgical technique and the outcome were also discussed. The mass was present since birth in a full term neonate, causing complete globe dislocation of the left eye. Imaging showed a large cystic retro-bulbar mass completely occupying the orbital cavity and causing anterior dislocation of the left globe. Surgical excision of the tumor was carried out with globe preservation and Histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of optic nerve glioma. This was an atypical presentation of an optic nerve glioma causing globe dislocation in a neonate. The resection of such a large orbital tumor made globe preservation possible and resulted in an excellent cosmetic outcome. .

关键词： Neonatal Proptosis Optic Nerve Glioma Globe Dislocation Globe Preservation Cosmetic Surgery

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Fabrication of MXene-Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction by Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)hinge for extraordinary LED-light-driven photocatalytic performance

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4729-4736页

作者： Zhiwen Li Liangliang Xu Zaheer Ud Din Babar Ali Raza Yifei Zhang Xinrui Gu Yu-Xin Miao Zhen Zhao Gao Li Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Scuola Superiore Meridionale(SSM) University of Naples Federico IILargo S.Marcellino1080138Italy Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Heterojunction composites with intimate interfaces can shorten the diffusion distance,which leads to a shorter path for photogenerated carriers,thereby increasing photocatalytic ***,we report the fabrication of Ti_(3)C_(2)-Bi_(2)WO_(6)(TC-BW)heterojunctions hinged by Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)joints via an in situ hydrothermal reaction of Ti_(3)C_(2)in the presence of Na_(2)WO_(4)and Bi(NO_(3))_(3).The TC-BW was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and Raman ***-BW showed superior photocatalytic activity(productivity over 15TC-WB reaches up to 5.0 mmolreacted BA·gcat.^(−1)·h^(−1))in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using light-emitting diode(LED)light,arising from the surface defects and intimate heterojunction interface between the Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene and Bi_(2)WO_(6)***-BW heterojunctions provide an enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated charges,which in turn yields superior photocatalytic ***,it is well substantiated by density functional theory(DFT)*** summary,this study elucidates the preparation of heterojunction composites with intimate interfaces for highly efficient photooxidation.

关键词： MXene-Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction LED-light-driven photocatalysis Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7) photooxidation

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