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Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： Cassandra D.PAULING Deborah L.FINKE Deborah M.ANDERSON Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate *** rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of *** the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit *** particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these *** this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were *** collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been *** analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of ***,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： plague prairie dogs soil moisture soil temperature sylvatic cycle Yersinia pestis

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A Dynamic Load Balancing Mechanism for Distributed Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1996年第3期11卷 195-207页

作者：蓝有然 university of missouri

It is desirable in a distributed system to have the system load balanced evenly among the nodes so that the mean job response time is minimized. In this paper, we present.a dynamic load balancing mechanism (DLB). It adopts a centralized approach and is network topology independent. The DLB mechanism employs a set of thresholds which are automatically adjusted as the system load changes. lt also provides a simple mechanism for the system to switch between periodic and instantaneous load balancing policies with ease. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by intensive simulations for various parameters. The simulAtion results show that the mean job response time in a system implementing DLB algorithm is significantly lower than the same system without load balancings. Furthermore, compared with a previously proposed algorithm, DLB algorithm demonstrates improved performance, especially when the system is heavily loaded and the load is unevenly distributed.

关键词： Distributed computing load balancing,centralized scheduling,homogeneous distributed system distributed operating system

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Synthetic data as an investigative tool in hypertension and renal diseases research

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 9-13页

作者： Aleena Jamal Som Singh Fawad Qureshi Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States School of Medicine University of Missouri Kansas CityKansasMO 64106United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

There is a growing body of clinical research on the utility of synthetic data derivatives,an emerging research tool in *** nephrology,clinicians can use machine learning and artificial intelligence as powerful aids in their clinical decision-making while also preserving patient *** is especially important given the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease,renal oncology,and hypertension ***,there remains a need to create a framework for guidance regarding how to better utilize synthetic data as a practical application in this research.

关键词： Synthetic data Artificial intelligence Nephrology Blood pressure Research Editorial

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Heterogeneous activity causes a nonlinear increase in the group energy use of ant workers isolated from queen and brood

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 487-498页

作者： Nolan Ferral Kyara Holloway Mingzhong Li Zhaozheng Yin Chen Hou Department of Biological Sciences Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA Department of Computer Sciences Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA

Increasing evidence has shown that the energy use of ant colonies increases sublinearly with colony size so that large colonies consume less per capita energy than small colonies. It has been postulated that social environment （e.g., in the presence of queen and brood） is critical for the sublinear group energetics, and a few studies of ant workers isolated from queens and brood observed linear relationships between group energetics and size. In this paper, we hypothesize that the sublinear energetics arise from the heterogeneity of activity in ant groups, that is, large groups have relatively more inactive members than small groups. We further hypothesize that the energy use of ant worker groups that are allowed to move freely increases more slowly than the group size even if they are isolated from queen and brood. Previous studies only provided indirect evidence for these hypotheses due to technical difficulties. In this study, we applied the automated behavioral monitoring and respirometry simultaneously on isolated worker groups for long time periods, and analyzed the image with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Our results show that when activity was not confined, large groups had lower per capita energy use, a lower percentage of active members, and lower average walking speed than small groups; while locomotion was confined, however, the per capita energy use was a constant regardless of the group size. The quantitative analysis shows a direct link between variation in group energy use and the activity level of ant workers when isolated from queen and brood.

关键词： activity energetics image analysis long term scaling simultaneous

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Laser-induced graphene for bioelectronics and soft actuators

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Nano Research 2021年第9期14卷 3033-3050页

作者： Yadong Xu Qihui Fei Margaret Page Ganggang Zhao Yun Ling Dick Chen Zheng Yan Department of Biomedical Biological&Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Rock Bridge High School ColumbiaMissouri 65203USA

Laser-assisted process can enable facile,mask-free,large-area,inexpensive,customizable,and miniaturized patterning of laser-induced porous graphene(LIG)on versatile carbonaceous substrates(e.g.,polymers,wood,food,textiles)in a programmed manner at ambient *** with high tailorability of its porosity,morphology,composition,and electrical conductivity,LIG can find wide applications in emerging bioelectronics(e.g.,biophysical and biochemical sensing)and soft robots(e.g.,soft actuators).In this review paper,we first introduce the methods to make LIG on various carbonaceous substrates and then discuss its electrical,mechanical,and antibacterial properties and biocompatibility that are critical for applications in bioelectronics and soft ***,we overview the recent studies of LIG-based biophysical(e.g.,strain,pressure,temperature,hydration,humidity,electrophysiological)sensors and biochemical(e.g.,gases,electrolytes,metabolites,pathogens,nucleic acids,immunology)*** applications of LIG in flexible energy generators and photodetectors are also *** addition,LIG-enabled soft actuators that can respond to chemicals,electricity,and light stimulus are ***,we briefly discuss the future challenges and opportunities of LIG fabrications and applications.

关键词： laser-induced graphene bioelectronics biophysical sensors biochemical sensors soft actuators

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Perceived damage and areas of needed research for wildlife pests of California agriculture

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 265-279页

作者： Roger A.BALDWIN Terrell P.SALMON Robert H.SCHMIDT Robert M.TIMM Statewide IPM Program University of California Cooperative ExtensionParlierCAUSA university of California Cooperative extension San DiegoCAUSA Department of Environment and Society Utah State UniversityLoganUTUSA Hopland Research and extension Center University of CaliformniaHoplandCAUSA

Many wildife species cause extensive damage to a variety of agricultural commodities in California,with es-timates of damage in the hundreds of millions *** the limited availability of resources to solve all human-wildlife conficts,we should focus management efforts on issues that provide the greatest benefit to ag-ricultural commodities in *** survey provides quantitative data on research needs to better guide future efforts in developing more effective,practical and appropriate methods for managing these *** found that ground squirels,pocket gophers,birds,wild pigs,coyotes and voles were the most common agricul-tural wildlife pest species in *** damage caused by these species could be quite high,but varied by agricultural *** most species,common forms of damage included loss of crop production and di-rect death of the plant,although livestock depredation was the greatest concern for *** methods used most frequently and those deemed most effective varied by pest species,although greater advancements in control methods were listed as a top research priority for all ***,the use of toxicants,biocon-trol and trapping were the most preferred methods for control,but this varied by *** general,integrated pest management practices were used to control wildlife pests,with a special preference for those approaches that were efficacious and quick and inexpensive to *** information and survey design should be useful in establishing research and management priorities for wildlife pest species in California and other similar re-gions.

关键词： agriculture California human-wildlife conflict integrated pest management survey

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Herbivory of sympatric elk and cattle on Lincoln National Forest,south-central New Mexico

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 314-326页

作者： Heather H.Halbritter Louis C.Bender extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources New Mexico State University

Background： Wildlife and livestock grazing are important products of forest ecosystems, but can be controversial. Herbivory by North American elk and domestic cattle is a contentious management issue throughout western North America, often driving management proposals to decrease cattle and elk numbers based on perceived overutilization of forages. Such observations are often site level rather than landscape, and may confuse ecological sustainability with desired conditions. Methods： We used line transects to document vegetation composition, structure, and grazing and browsing utilization for 4 key habitat types： mountain meadows, aspen, thinned conifer, and burned conifer on Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, USA. We documented relative habitat use of these types by elk, mule deer, and cattle and modeled relative use on residual grass biomass of mountain meadows and browse utilization of forested types. We determined diets and diet quality of elk and cattle to assess degree of competition. Results： Use of grasses in meadows was below management thresholds, and combined elk, cattle, and deer relative habitat use accounted for 〈 14 % of the variance in residual stubble height of Poa protensis, the most abundant grass. Palatable browse was limited in habitat types （〈 107 ***^-1）, use was generally high, and elk presence was correlated with the majority of browsing. Elk and cattle diets did not significantly overlap （Schoener＇s index 0.54-0.57）; elk fed primarily on deciduous shrubs （34 %-55 % of annual diets） and cattle on grass （72 %-77 %）. Digestibility and crude protein levels of cattle diets and body condition of elk indicated high quality diets for cattle and marginal-good quality diets for elk. Conclusions： At observed stocking levels and densities, cattle and elk were not competing for forage based on diet similarity, nor were key habitat types being used beyond sustainable levels. Low browse availability indicates that opportunity exists to increase for

关键词： Browsing Cattle Carrying capacity Elk Grazing Herbivory Nutrition

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Most Likely Optimal Subsampled Markov Chain Monte Carlo

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第3期34卷 1121-1134页

作者： HU Guanyu WANG Haiying university of missouri-Columbia USA university of Connecticut USA

Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) requires to evaluate the full data likelihood at different parameter values iteratively and is often computationally infeasible for large data sets. This paper proposes to approximate the log-likelihood with subsamples taken according to nonuniform subsampling probabilities, and derives the most likely optimal(MLO) subsampling probabilities for better approximation. Compared with existing subsampled MCMC algorithm with equal subsampling probabilities,the MLO subsampled MCMC has a higher estimation efficiency with the same subsampling ratio. The authors also derive a formula using the asymptotic distribution of the subsampled log-likelihood to determine the required subsample size in each MCMC iteration for a given level of precision. This formula is used to develop an adaptive version of the MLO subsampled MCMC algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the uniform subsampled MCMC.

关键词： Big data MCMC metropolis-hasting algorithm nonuniform subsampling

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How the “Folding Funnel” Depends on Size and Structure of Proteins?A View from the Scoring Function Perspective

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2013年第5期18卷 462-468页

作者： Sheng-You Huang Gordon K. Springer the Research Support Computing University of Missouri Bioinformatics Consortium and Department of Computer Science University of Missouri

It has been well accepted that the folding energy landscape may resemble a funnel according to the theory of protein folding. This theory of ＂folding funnel＂ has been extensively studied and thought to play an important role in guiding the sampling process of the protein folding and refinement in protein structure prediction. Here, we have investigated the relationship between the ＂funnel likeness＂ of protein folding and the size/structure of the proteins based on a set of non-homologous proteins we have recently evaluated using a statistical mechanicsbased scoring function ITScorePro. It was found that larger proteins that consist of more helix/sheet structures tend to have a higher score-Root Mean Square Deviation（RMSD） correlation（or a more funnel like energy landscape）.Another measurement in protein folding, Z-score, has also shown some correlation with the size of the *** expected, proteins with a better ＂olding funnel likeness＂（or score-RMSD correlation） tend to have a betterpredicted conformation with a lower RMSD from their native structures. These findings can be extremely valuable for the development and improvement of sampling and scoring algorithms for protein structure prediction.

关键词： energy landscape folding funnel protein structure prediction scoring function protein folding

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RNA-protein distance patterns in ribosomes reveal the mechanism of translational attenuation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第11期57卷 1131-1139页

作者： YU DongMei ZHANG Chao QIN PeiWu CORNISH V.Peter XU Dong Department of Biological Engineering University of Missouri C.S. Bond Life Science Center University of Missouri Department of Computer Science University of Missouri Department of Biochemistry University of Missouri

Elucidating protein translational regulation is crucial for understanding cellular function and drug development.A key molecule in protein translation is ribosome,which is a super-molecular complex extensively studied for more than a half *** structure and dynamics of ribosome complexes were resolved recently thanks to the development of X-ray crystallography,Cryo-EM,and single molecule *** studies of the ribosome have shown multiple functional states,each with a unique *** this study,we analyzed the RNA-protein distances of ribosome(2.5 MDa)complexes and compared these changes among different ribosome *** found that the RNA-protein distance is significantly correlated with the ribosomal functional ***,the analysis of RNA-protein binding distances at important functional sites can distinguish ribosomal functional states and help understand ribosome *** particular,the mechanism of translational attenuation by nascent peptides and antibiotics was revealed by the conformational changes of local functional sites.

关键词： ribosome protein translation antibiotics translocation RNA-protein interaction

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