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Relation between skeletal muscle volume and prognosis in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第2期14卷 423-433页

作者： Paola De Nardi Alessandro Giani Giulia Maggi Marco Braga Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilano 20132Italy Department of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMilan ItalyMonza 20900Italy Department of Oncologic Surgery Policlinico CasilinoRome 00169Italy Department of Surgery San Gerardo HospitalUniversity Milano BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

The prognostic role of body composition indexes,and specifically sarcopenia,has recently been explored in different cancer ***,conflicting results have been *** in cancer type,cancer stage or oncological treatments,as well as different methodology and definition of sarcopenia,could be accounted for different conclusions retrieved from *** focusing on colorectal cancer,it clearly appears that colon and rectal cancers are often treated as a single entity though they have different behaviors and ***,patients with advanced rectal cancer represent a peculiar group of patients that according to current guidelines are treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by radical *** review was restricted to a homogeneous group of patients with advanced lower rectal cancer and the aim of exploring whether there is a correlation between skeletal muscle depletion and *** was searched for articles related to patients with advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy(NCRT)followed by radical surgery,in whom muscle mass and/or change in muscle mass during neoadjuvant treatment were *** full-text articles were selected and included in the present *** main findings of our review were:(1)The majority of the studies defined sarcopenia as muscle mass alone over muscle strength or physical performance;(2)There was a great deal of heterogeneity in the definition and measures of sarcopenia,in the definition of cut-off values,and in the method to measure change in muscle mass;(3)There was not full agreement on the association between sarcopenia at baseline and/or after chemoradiotherapy and prognosis,and only few studies found a significance in the multivariate analysis;and(4)It seems that a loss in skeletal muscle mass during NCRT is associated with the worst outcomes in terms of disease-free *** conclusion,analysis of muscle mass might provid

关键词： Advanced rectal cancer Sarcopenia Neoadjuvant treatment Chemoradiotherapy Surgery Muscle mass change Prognosis Survival Review

Celiac disease:From genetics to epigenetics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第4期28卷 449-463页

作者： Elisa Gnodi Raffaella Meneveri Donatella Barisani School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

Celiac disease(CeD)is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder spread *** exposure to gluten,a protein found in cereals like wheat,barley and rye,is the main environmental factor involved in its *** if the genetic predisposition represented by HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes is widely recognised as mandatory for CeD development,it is not enough to explain the total predisposition for the ***,the onset of CeD comprehend a wide spectrum of symptoms,that often leads to a delay in CeD *** overcome this deficiency and help detecting people with increased risk for CeD,also clarifying CeD traits linked to disease familiarity,different studies have tried to make light on other predisposing *** were in many cases genetic variants shared with other autoimmune *** inherited traits can be regulated by epigenetic modifications,also induced by environmental factors,the most recent studies focused on the potential involvement of epigenetics in *** factors can in fact modulate gene expression with many mechanisms,generating more or less stable changes in gene expression without affecting the DNA *** we analyze the different epigenetic modifications in CeD,in particular DNA methylation,histone modifications,non-coding RNAs and RNA *** attention is dedicated to the additional predispositions to CeD,the involvement of epigenetics in developing CeD complications,the pathogenic pathways modulated by epigenetic factors such as microRNAs and the potential use of epigenetic profiling as biomarker to discriminate different classes of patients.

关键词： Celiac disease Epigenetics DNA methylation Histone modifications Long non-coding RNAs MicroRNAs

Developments in diagnosis and management of post-liver transplantation biliary complications:the radiologist’s perspective

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第3期11卷 457-461页

作者： Paolo Marra Pietro Andrea Bonaffini Davide Ippolito Sandro Sironi Department of Radiology Papa Giovanni XXIII HospitalBergamoItaly School of Medicine University of Milano-BicoccaMilanItaly Department of Diagnostic Radiology San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly

Biliary complications are the most common source of morbidity after liver transplantation as they may occur in up to 45%of patients(1).The review by Magro et al.(2)provides comprehensive insights on this topic and offers a cue for in-depth remarks form a radiological perspective regarding both diagnostic and interventional ***(US)-based techniques,including B-mode and color-Doppler,are the milestone of post-transplant *** assessment of graft vascularization is crucial since many biliary complications are supposed to be induced by arterial *** this regard,however,it must be emphasized that US imaging is hampered by a limited panoramic view,especially in difficult abdomens,therefore it is not possible to rely exclusively on this technique.

关键词： diagnosis complications graft

Linking temporal records

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2012年第3期6卷 293-312页

作者： Pei LI Xin Luna DONG Andrea MAURINO Divesh SRIVASTAVA Department of Informatics Systems and Communication University of Milan-Bicocca Milan 20126 Italy Data Management Department AT&T Labs-Research Florham Park NJ 07932 USA

Many data sets contain temporal records which span a long period of time; each record is associated with a time stamp and describes some aspects of a real-world en- tity at a particular time （e.g., author information in DBLP）. In such cases, we often wish to identify records that describe the same entity over time and so be able to perform interest- ing longitudinal data analysis. However, existing record link- age techniques ignore temporal information and fall short for temporal data. This article studies linking temporal records. First, we ap- ply time decay to capture the effect of elapsed time on entity value evolution. Second, instead of comparing each pair of records locally, we propose clustering methods that consider the time order of the records and make global decisions. Ex- perimental results show that our algorithms significantly out- perform traditional linkage methods on various temporal data sets.

关键词： temporal data record linkage data integration

Paradoxical association between dyspepsia and autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis:Insights into mechanisms,pathophysiology,and treatment options

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第23期29卷 3733-3747页

作者： Roberta Elisa Rossi Alessandra Elvevi Valentina Sciola Francesco Vito Mandarino Silvio Danese Pietro Invernizzi Sara Massironi Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalRozzano 20089MilanItaly Gastroenterology Unit Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei TintoriMonza 20900Italy and Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilano 20100Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy IRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilan 20132Italy School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan 20132Italy

BACKGROUND Autoimmune gastritis(AIG)is a progressive,chronic,immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells leading to hypo/anacidity and loss of intrinsic *** symptoms such as dyspepsia and early satiety are very common,being second in terms of frequency only to anemia,which is the most typical feature of *** To address both well-established and more innovative information and knowledge about this challenging *** An extensive bibliographical search was performed in PubMed to identify guidelines and primary literature(retrospective and prospective studies,systematic reviews,case series)published in the last 10 *** A total of 125 records were reviewed and 80 were defined as fulfilling the *** AIG can cause a range of clinical manifestations,including *** pathophysiology of dyspepsia in AIG is complex and involves changes in acid secretion,gastric motility,hormone signaling,and gut microbiota,among other *** dyspeptic symptoms of AIG is challenging and there are no specific therapies targeting dyspepsia in *** proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to treat dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease,they may not be appropriate for *** agents,antidepressant drugs,and non-pharmacological treatments may be of help,even if not adequately evidence-based supported.A multidisciplinary approach for the management of dyspepsia in AIG is recommended,and further research is needed to develop and validate more effective therapies for dyspepsia.

关键词： Dyspepsia Dyspeptic symptoms Gastro-intestinal symptoms Autoimmune gastritis Chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis Treatment

Emerging actionable targets to treat therapyresistant colorectal cancers

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第1期5卷 36-63页

作者： Emanuela Grassilli Maria Grazia Cerrito Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

In the last two decades major improvements have been reached in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)and,besides chemotherapy,an ampler choice of therapeutic approaches is now available,including targeted and *** that,CRC remains a“big killer”mainly due to the development of resistance to therapies,especially when the disease is diagnosed after it is already *** the same time,our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying resistance has been rapidly expanding which allows the development of novel therapeutic options in order to overcome *** far as resistance to chemotherapy is concerned,several contributors have been identified such as:intake/efflux systems upregulation;alterations in the DNA damage response,due to defect in the DNA checkpoint and repair systems;dysregulation of the expression of apoptotic/anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family;overexpression of oncogenic kinases;the presence of cancer stem cells;and the composition of the tumoral microenvironment and that of the gut ***,several mechanisms are also involved in the resistance to targeted and/or *** example,overexpression and/or hyperactivation and/or amplification of oncogenic kinases can sustain resistance to targeted therapy whereas the composition of the gut microbiota,as well as that of the tumoral niche,and defects in DNA repair systems are crucial for determining the response to *** this review we will make an overview of the main resistance mechanisms identified so far and of the new therapeutic approaches to overcome it.

关键词： Colorectal cancer resistance chemotherapy target therapy EGFR ERBB2 MET BRAF kinase inhibitors immune checkpoint inhibitors gut microbiota

Overlap graphs and de Bruijn graphs: data structures for de novo genome assembly in the big data era

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Quantitative Biology 2019年第4期7卷 278-292页

作者： Raffaella Rizzi Stefano Beretta Murray Patterson Yuri Pirola Marco Previtali Gianluca Della Vedova Paola Bonizzoni Department of Informatics Systems and CommunicationsUniversity of Milan-BicoccaMilanViale Sarca 33620126Italy

Background:De novo genome assembly relies on two kinds of graphs:de Bruijn graphs and overlap *** graphs are the basis for the Celera assembler,while de Bruijn graphs have become the dominant technical device in the last *** two kinds of graphs are collectively called assembly ***:In this review,we discuss the most recent advances in the problem of constructing,representing and navigating assembly graphs,focusing on very large *** will also explore some computational techniques,such as the Bloom filter,to compactly store graphs while keeping all functionalities ***:We complete our analysis with a discussion on the algorithmic issues of assembling from long reads(eg.,PacBio and Oxford Nanopore).Finally,we present some of the most relevant open problems in this field.

关键词： overlap graphs de Bruijn graphs genome assembly long reads string graphs

Endoscopic techniques for diagnosis and treatment of gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms:Where we are

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3258-3273页

作者： Roberta Elisa Rossi Alessandra Elvevi Camilla Gallo Andrea Palermo Pietro Invernizzi Sara Massironi HPB Surgery Hepatology and Liver TransplantationENETS Center of ExcellenceFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori(INTNational Cancer Institute)Milan 20133Italy Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

BACKGROUND The correct localization of the primary tumor site and a complete histological diagnosis represent the milestones for the proper management of gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs).AIM To analyze current evidence on the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis/treatment of *** An extensive bibliographical search was performed in PubMed to identify guidelines and primary literature(retrospective and prospective studies,systematic reviews,case series)published in the last 15 years,using both medical subject heading(MeSH)terms and free-language keywords:gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms;endoscopy;ultrasound endoscopy;capsule endoscopy;double-balloon enteroscopy;diagnosis;therapy;*** In the diagnostic setting,endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)represents the diagnostic gold standard for pancreatic NENs and the technique of choice for the locoregional staging of gastric,duodenal and rectal *** diagnosis of small bowel NENs(sbNENs)has been improved with the advent of video capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy,which allow for direct visualization of the entire small bowel;however,data regarding the efficacy/safety of these techniques in the detection of sbNENs are scanty and often *** a therapeutic point of view,endoscopic removal is the treatment of choice for the majority of gastric NENs(type 1/2),for well-differentiated localized nonmetastatic duodenal NENs<1 cm,confined to the submucosa layer and for<10 mm,stage T1–T2,rectal ***-guided pancreatic locoregional ablative treatments have been proposed in recent studies with promising results in order to control symptoms or reduce tumor burden in selected *** Standard axial endoscopy and EUS still play a pivotal role in several *** techniques for increasing the rate of R0 resection should be reserved for high-volume referral centers.

关键词： Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms Endoscopy Ultrasound endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Double-balloon enteroscopy Diagnosis Therapy Staging

A Clustering Algorithm for Planning the Integration Process of a Large Number of Conceptual Schemas

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2015年第1期30卷 214-224页

作者： Carlo Batini: Paola Bonizzoni Marco Comerio Riccardo Dondi Yuri Pirola Prancesco Salandra Department of Informatics Systems and Communication University of Milano-Bicocca Milan 20126 Italy Department of Human and Social Sciences University of Bergamo Bergamo 24129 Italy

When tens and even hundreds of schemas are involved in the integration process, criteria are needed for choosing clusters of schemas to be integrated, so as to deal with the integration problem through an efficient iterative process. Schemas in clusters should be chosen according to cohesion and coupling criteria that are based on similarities and dissimilarities among schemas. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for a novel variant of the correlation clustering approach that addresses the problem of assisting a designer in integrating a large number of conceptual schemas. The novel variant introduces upper and lower bounds to the number of schemas in each cluster, in order to avoid too complex and too simple integration contexts respectively. We give a heuristic for solving the problem, being an NP hard combinatorial problem. An experimental activity demonstrates an appreciable increment in the effectiveness of the schema integration process when clusters are computed by means of the proposed algorithm w.r.t, the ones manually defined by an expert.

关键词： conceptual schema schema integration clustering