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Immune consequences of exercise in hypoxia:A narrative review

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 297-310,I0002页

作者： Johannes Burtscher Qadar Pasha Neha Chanana Gregoire P.Millet Martin Burtscher Barbara Strasser Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Institute of Hypoxia Research New Delhi 110067India Department of Biochemistry Jamia HamdardNew Delhi 110062India Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Faculty of Medicine Sigmund Freud Private UniversityVienna 1020Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research Vienna 1100Austria

Immune outcomes are key mediators of many health benefits of exercise and are determined by exercise type,dose(frequency/duration,intensity),and individual characteristics.Similarly,reduced availability of ambient oxygen(hypoxia)modulates immune functions depending on the hypoxic dose and the individual capacity to respond to hypoxia.How combined exercise and hypoxia(e.g.,high-altitude training)sculpts immune responses is not well understood,although such combinations are becoming increasingly popular.Therefore,in this paper,we summarize the impact on immune responses of exercise and of hypoxia,both independently and together,with a focus on specialized cells in the innate and adaptive immune system.We review the regulation of the immune system by tissue oxygen levels and the overlapping and distinct immune responses related to exercise and hypoxia,then we discuss how they may be modulated by nutritional strategies.Mitochondrial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlie many of the adaptations that can lead to improved cellular metabolism,resilience,and overall immune functions by regulating the survival,differentiation,activation,and migration of immune cells.This review shows that exercise and hypoxia can impair or complement/synergize with each other while regulating immune system functions.Appropriate acclimatization,training,and nutritional strategies can be used to avoid risks and tap into the synergistic potentials of the poorly studied immune consequences of exercising in a hypoxic state.

关键词： Altitude Exercise Hypoxia Immune response Training

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Linearized waveform inversion for vertical transversely isotropic elastic media:Methodology and multi-parameter crosstalk analysis

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 252-271页

作者： Ke Chen Lu Liu Li-Nan Xu Fei Hu Yuan Yang Jia-Hui Zuo Le-Le Zhang Yang Zhao National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering Unconventional Petroleum Research InstituteChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Aramco Beijing Research Center Aramco AsiaBeijing100102China university of lausanne LausanneCH-1015Switzerland Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou 072750HebeiChina

Seismic migration and inversion are closely related techniques to portray subsurface images and identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.Seismic migration aims at obtaining structural images of subsurface geologic discontinuities.More specifically,seismic migration estimates the reflectivity function(stacked average reflectivity or pre-stack angle-dependent reflectivity)from seismic reflection data.On the other hand,seismic inversion quantitatively estimates the intrinsic rock properties of subsurface formulations.Such seismic inversion methods are applicable to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs that may exhibit lateral variations in the inverted parameters.Although there exist many differences,pre-stack seismic migration is similar with the first iteration of the general linearized seismic inversion.Usually,seismic migration and inversion techniques assume an acoustic or isotropic elastic medium.Unconventional reservoirs such as shale and tight sand formation have notable anisotropic property.We present a linearized waveform inversion(LWI)scheme for weakly anisotropic elastic media with vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)symmetry.It is based on two-way anisotropic elastic wave equation and simultaneously inverts for the localized perturbations(ΔVp_(0)/Vp_(0)/Vs_(0)/Vs_(0)/,Δ∈,Δδ)from the long-wavelength reference model.Our proposed VTI-elastic LWI is an iterative method that requires a forward and an adjoint operator acting on vectors in each iteration.We derive the forward Born approximation operator by perturbation theory and adjoint operator via adjoint-state method.The inversion has improved the quality of the images and reduces the multi-parameter crosstalk comparing with the adjoint-based images.We have observed that the multi-parameter crosstalk problem is more prominent in the inversion images for Thomsen anisotropy parameters.Especially,the Thomsen parameter is the most difficult to resolve.We also analyze the multi-parameter crosstalk using scattering radiation patterns.The linearized waveform inversion for VTI-el

关键词： Elastic Anisotropy Least-squares imaging Waveform inversion Computational geophysics

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Multi-Elemental Chemostratigraphy,Sequence Development,Depositional History,and Environmental Importance of Early Eocene Red Beds(Kuldana Formation)in NW Himalayas,Pakistan

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 349-375页

作者： Amir Shahzad George Kontakiotis Thierry Adatte Khawaja Shoaib Ahmed Muhammad Tayyib Riaz Hammad Tariq Janjuhah Evangelia Besiou Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Historical Geology-Paleontology Faculty of Geology and GeoenvironmentSchool of Earth SciencesNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisZografou15784Greece Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE) University of LausanneLausanneCH-1015Switzerland Department of Geology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalPeshawar18050Pakistan

The Eocene Kuldana Formation(KF)in the Yadgar area of Pakistan,comprises a diverse range of sedimentary facies,including variegated red beds of shales,mudstones,and sandstones,as well as interbedded limestone and marl.In this study,we conducted an integrated micropaleontological,sedimentological,mineralogical,and geochemical investigation to determine the depositional setting,biochronology,provenance,and paleoclimate of the KF.The study identified six lithofacies and six microfacies,which indicate a variety of environments ranging from floodplains and channels to the margins and shallow marine settings.The nannofossil biostratigraphy places the KF in the Early Eocene,more precisely the NP10 zone(Ypresian),and the fossil zone of benthic foraminifera classifies the study section as the Shallow Benthic Zone SBZ-8(Middle Ilerdian 2).In terms of petrography,the KF sandstone was classified as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite,while the QtFL diagram suggests a recycled orogen.Geochemical proxies indicate an oxidizing environment,a high-to-low regular sedimentation rate,moderate-to-intense chemical weathering in the source region,and a warm-humid to dry climate during the deposition of KF.Overall,the findings suggest that the deposition of KF marks the end of Neo-Tethys due to the Early Eocene Indian–Kohistan collision and that the uplifting of the Himalayas provided the source for the deposition of KF in the foreland basin.The study provides new insights into the depositional environment,biochronology,provenance,and paleoclimate of KF,and highlights the potential for red beds as reliable indicators of oxygenation levels in proximity to mineral deposits.

关键词： sedimentary microfacies Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum stratigraphic correlations paleoenvironmental reconstruction nannofossils paleontology

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Movement analysis in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 485-486页

作者： Johannes Burtscher Nicolas Bourdillon Jules MJanssen Daalen Aurélien Patoz Julien FBally Martin Kopp Davide Malatesta Bastiaan RBloem Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Radboud university Medical Center Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorCenter of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersNijmegenThe Netherlands Radboud university Medical Center Department of Medical BioSciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands Research and Development Department Volodalen Swiss Sport LabAigleSwitzerland Service of Neurology Department of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital(CHUV)and University of Lausanne(UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-motor symptoms also constitute a major part of the overall phenotype.Clinically,this disease cannot be diagnosed reliably until a large part of the vulnerable dopaminergic neurons has been irretrievably lost,and the disease progresses inexorably.New biological criteria for PD have been proposed recently and might eventually improve early diagnosis,but they require further validation,and their use will initially be restricted to a research environment(Darweesh et al.,2024).

关键词： diagnosis Clinical eventually

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Untangling the biotic stress in the late Maastrichtian Deccan-benchmark interval of Bidart(France)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 181-198页

作者： Subham Patra Gerta Keller Eric Font Thierry Adatte Jahnavi Punekar Indian Institute of Technology Bombay PowaiMumbai 400076India Princeton university PrincetonNJ 08544USA Departamento de Ciencias da Terra Faculdade de Ciencias e TecnologiaUniversidade de Coimbra3000-272 CoimbraPortugal Institute of Earth Sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

The late Maastrichtian witnessed substantial surges in Deccan volcanism,prompting the hypothesis that these voluminous pulses may have instigated repeated episodes of ocean acidification during this period.The Cretaceous-Palaeogene(K/Pg)boundary at Bidart(France)is preceded by a~0.5 m thick interval with geochemical and taphonomic vestiges of an ocean acidification event linked with Deccan volcanism.New planktic foraminifera census and morphometric data now confirm biotic stress conditions related to acidification in the Deccan benchmark interval.The absolute abundance data of larger(>150μm)heavily calcified planktic morphogroups show fluctuating populations throughout zone CF1(spanning the final~225 ky),lowest peaks within the Deccan benchmark,and a demographic collapse(>90%)at the K/Pg boundary.The analyzed species are generally reduced in size,with thinner test walls in this~0.5 m interval,indicating the likelihood of calcification stress as a contributor to the overall biotic stress.At the K/Pg boundary,maximum biotic stress is recorded in all the tested faunal proxies.A preliminary graphic correlation of zone CF1 at Bidart with the auxiliary GSSP at Elles(Tunisia)constrains the Deccan benchmark interval of high biotic stress to the final~58ky of the late Maastrichtian,culminating in the K/Pg mass extinction.The volcanogenic Hg peaks coincident with faunal and taphonomic evidence of ocean acidification strengthen the Deccan-related ocean acidification hypothesis.

关键词： Deccan volcanism K/Pg mass extinction Biotic stress Calcification stress

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Programming nonlinear propagation for efficient optical learning machines

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 73-83页

作者： Ilker Oguz Jih-Liang Hsieh Niyazi Ulas Dinc Ugur Tegin Mustafa Yildirim Carlo Gigli Christophe Moser Demetri Psaltis École Polytechnique Fédérale de lausanne Institute of Electrical and Micro EngineeringEcublensSwitzerland Koc university Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringIstanbulTurkey

The ever-increasing demand for training and inferring with larger machine-learning models requires more efficient hardware solutions due to limitations such as power dissipation and scalability.Optics is a promising contender for providing lower power computation,since light propagation through a nonabsorbing medium is a lossless operation.However,to carry out useful and efficient computations with light,generating and controlling nonlinearity optically is a necessity that is still elusive.Multimode fibers(MMFs)have been shown that they can provide nonlinear effects with microwatts of average power while maintaining parallelism and low loss.We propose an optical neural network architecture that performs nonlinear optical computation by controlling the propagation of ultrashort pulses in MMF by wavefront shaping.With a surrogate model,optimal sets of parameters are found to program this optical computer for different tasks with minimal utilization of an electronic computer.We show a remarkable decrease of 97%in the number of model parameters,which leads to an overall 99%digital operation reduction compared to an equivalently performing digital neural network.We further demonstrate that a fully optical implementation can also be performed with competitive accuracies.

关键词： neural networks nonlinear optics fiber optics surrogate optimization neuromorphic computing wavefront shaping

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Compact and effective photon-resolved image scanning microscope

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 84-95页

作者： Giorgio Tortarolo Alessandro Zunino Simonluca Piazza Mattia Donato Sabrina Zappone Agnieszka Pierzyńska-Mach Marco Castello Giuseppe Vicidomini Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Molecular Microscopy and SpectroscopyGenoaItaly Genoa Instruments GenoaItaly university of Genoa Dipartimento di InformaticaBioingegneriaRobotica e Ingegneria dei SistemiGenoaItaly Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Nanoscopy and NIC@IITGenoaItaly École Polytechnique Fédérale de lausanne Laboratory of Experimental BiophysicsLausanneSwitzerland

Fluorescence confocal laser-scanning microscopy(LSM)is one of the most popular tools for life science research.This popularity is expected to grow thanks to single-photon array detectors tailored for LSM.These detectors offer unique single-photon spatiotemporal information,opening new perspectives for gentle and quantitative superresolution imaging.However,a flawless recording of this information poses significant challenges for the microscope data acquisition(DAQ)system.We present a DAQ module based on the digital frequency domain principle,able to record essential spatial and temporal features of photons.We use this module to extend the capabilities of established imaging techniques based on single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD)array detectors,such as fluorescence lifetime image scanning microscopy.Furthermore,we use the module to introduce a robust multispecies approach encoding the fluorophore excitation spectra in the time domain.Finally,we combine time-resolved stimulated emission depletion microscopy with image scanning microscopy,boosting spatial resolution.Our results demonstrate how a conventional fluorescence laser scanning microscope can transform into a simple,information-rich,superresolved imaging system with the simple addition of a SPAD array detector with a tailored data acquisition system.We expected a blooming of advanced single-photon imaging techniques,which effectively harness all the sample information encoded in each photon.

关键词： fluorescence lifetime image scanning microscopy digital frequency domain single photon

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Interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 263-270页

作者： Sun-Ju Kim YeonJu Kim Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla Gayoung Ham Thanh-Danh Nguyen Joonkyung Jang Hyojung Cha Jovana Milić Jun-Ho Yum Kevin Sivula Ji-Youn Seo Department of Nano Fusion Technology Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Adolphe Merkle Institute University of FribourgCH-1700 FribourgSwitzerland

In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative solutions.This study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial passivation.Crown ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material interface.Crown ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation layer.Selected crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial energetics.Photovoltaic devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial passivation.Analytical techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative recombination.Notably,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative humidity.This research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Interfacial passivation Crown ether materials Stability

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Data-driven Reactive Power Optimization of Distribution Networks via Graph Attention Networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 874-885页

作者： Wenlong Liao Dechang Yang Qi Liu Yixiong Jia Chenxi Wang Zhe Yang Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) the College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Energy Digitalization Laboratory) The University of Hong Kong the Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Reactive power optimization of distribution networks is traditionally addressed by physical model based methods, which often lead to locally optimal solutions and require heavy online inference time consumption. To improve the quality of the solution and reduce the inference time burden, this paper proposes a new graph attention networks based method to directly map the complex nonlinear relationship between graphs(topology and power loads) and reactive power scheduling schemes of distribution networks, from a data-driven perspective. The graph attention network is tailored specifically to this problem and incorporates several innovative features such as a self-loop in the adjacency matrix, a customized loss function, and the use of max-pooling layers. Additionally, a rulebased strategy is proposed to adjust infeasible solutions that violate constraints. Simulation results on multiple distribution networks demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other machine learning based methods in terms of the solution quality and robustness to varying load conditions. Moreover, its online inference time is significantly faster than traditional physical model based methods, particularly for large-scale distribution networks.

关键词： Distribution networks Reactive power Load modeling Transformers Machine learning algorithms Inference algorithms Static VAr compensators

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Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy:geometrical and optical approaches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr S.Slavich Georgy A.Ermolaev Mikhail K.Tatmyshevskiy Adilet N.Toksumakov Olga G.Matveeva Dmitriy V.Grudinin Kirill V.Voronin Arslan Mazitov Konstantin V.Kravtsov Alexander V.Syuy Dmitry M.Tsymbarenko Mikhail S.Mironov Sergey M.Novikov Ivan Kruglov Davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.Vyshnevyy Aleksey V.Arsenin Valentyn S.Volkov Kostya S.Novoselov Moscow Center for Advanced Studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Emerging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia International Physics Center(DIPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of Materials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The emergence of van der Waals(vdW)materials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,mechanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and applications.Such success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW materials.Furthermore,the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative approaches.Here,we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical characterization.Using our approach,we found As2S3 as a highly anisotropic vdW material.It demonstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two times as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcoming the century-long record set by rutile.Given these benefits,As2S3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that combines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase accumulations.Hence,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

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