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Do multiparous women need to work or exercise extra hard to control gestational diabetes?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第5期11卷 550-551页

作者： Niina Matikainen Seppo Meri Endocrinology Abdominal CenterHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiFIN-00029 HUSHelsinkiFinland Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research program University of HelsinkiFIN-00014HelsinkiFinland HUS Diagnostic Center HUSLABHelsinki University HospitalFIN-00029 HUSHelsinkiFinland

In the current issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Wang et al.^(1)describe their prospective study,where they analyzed whether or not multiple pregnancies would influence glycemia and the glycemic response to physical exercise in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).2 Multiparous women are known to be at a higher risk for GDM than primiparas.GDM carries an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes,not only for the mothers but also for the newborn babies.Due to a contemporary environment that is conducive to a sedentary lifestyle and obesity,the incidence of GDM among pregnant women is increasing.

关键词： mother diabetes

SynergyFinder Plus:Toward Better Interpretation and Annotation of Drug Combination Screening Datasets

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第3期20卷 587-596页

作者： Shuyu Zheng Wenyu Wang Jehad Aldahdooh Alina Malyutina Tolou Shadbahr Ziaurrehman Tanoli Alberto Pessia Jing Tang Research Program in Systems Oncology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki 00290Finland

Combinatorial therapies have been recently proposed to improve the efficacy of anticancer treatment. The Synergy Finder R package is a software used to analyze pre-clinical drug combination datasets. Here, we report the major updates to the Synergy Finder R package for improved interpretation and annotation of drug combination screening results. Unlike the existing implementations, the updated Synergy Finder R package includes five main innovations. 1) We extend the mathematical models to higher-order drug combination data analysis and implement dimension reduction techniques for visualizing the synergy landscape. 2) We provide a statistical analysis of drug combination synergy and sensitivity with confidence intervals and P values. 3)We incorporate a synergy barometer to harmonize multiple synergy scoring methods to provide a consensus metric for synergy. 4) We evaluate drug combination synergy and sensitivity to provide an unbiased interpretation of the clinical potential. 5) We enable fast annotation of drugs and cell lines, including their chemical and target information. These annotations will improve the interpretation of the mechanisms of action of drug combinations. To facilitate the use of the R package within the drug discovery community, we also provide a web server at www.s *** as a user-friendly interface to enable a more fexible and versatile analysis of drug combination data.

关键词： SynergyFinder Drug combination Synergy modeling Drug discovery Drug combination sensitivity analysis

Suspicious brush cytology is an indication for liver transplantation evaluation in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6147-6154页

作者： Sonja Boyd Marko Vannas Kalle Jokelainen Helena Isoniemi Heikki Makisalo Martti A Farkkila Johanna Arola Department of Pathology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Clinic of Gastroenterology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital

AIM To investigate markers for high-grade dysplasia for the optimal timing of liver transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS Earlier data support a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence,even low-to high-grade dysplasia,in PSC-associated cholangiocarcinoma(CCA). Surveillance using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(ERC) and brush cytology aims to detect cases of biliary dysplasia,and liver transplantation is an option in cases with suspicion of malignancy in brushing. This study investigated markers to identify patients with highgrade biliary dysplasia for optimal timing in early liver transplantation. Patients undergoing surveillance using ERC and brush cytology during 2008-2014 and who were diagnosed with biliary dysplasia in explanted liver or CCA until February 2016 were included in the study. Demographic data,cholangiography findings,laboratory values,cytological morphology and DNA ploidy were analysed.RESULTS Thirty PSC patients had biliary neoplasia in the explanted liver during the study period. Sixteen of these patients had low-grade dysplasia,10 patients had high-grade dysplasia,and 4 patients had CCA. Fifteen PSC patients diagnosed with CCA were not transplanted. Patients with low-grade dysplasia were younger. Alkaline phosphatase or carcinoembryonic antigen values did not differ between groups during surveillance,but carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was higher in CCA patients. No difference in PSC duration,ERC scores,suspicious cytology,or ploidy analysis was found between groups. No difference was observed between fibrosis stage in explanted livers. Low-and high-grade dysplasia could not be differentiated before liver transplantation based on liver enzymes,tumour markers,ERC scores,brush cytology or DNA ploidy.CONCLUSION Repeated suspicion of neoplasia in brush cytology should be an indication for evaluations of liver transplantation prior to the development of CCA.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography Brush cytology Cholangiocarcinoma Biliary dysplasia

“They Are Not Mixing With Others”:Finnish Lecturers’Perspectives on International Students’(Mis-)Encounters in Higher Education

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ECNU Review of Education 2022年第1期5卷 89-115页

作者： Carlos Mendoza Fred Dervin 袁梅 Heidi Layne University of Helsinki Minzu university of China Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Helsinkisiltavuorenpenger 5AHelsinki 00014Finland

Purpose:Meeting“others,”especially so-called“local”students,is usually seen as a sign of success for intercultural learning and integration in research on study abroad and internationalization of higher education.Previous studies have focused on how international students themselves describe their(mis-)encounters.In this article,the authors consider lecturers’voices about this phenomenon.Lecturers have an influence on the students’experiences since they spend a lot of time together in and outside class.Design/Approach/Methods:Using a thematic analysis and social network analysis of interview data with lecturers,and a critical perspective toward the dichotomy of“local”versus“international”students,a university in Finland,a popular destination thanks to its positive image in global education,serves as a case study.Findings:The article identifies privileges,limits,and(missed)opportunities of encounters,as shared by the lecturers in focus group discussions.Furthermore,the lecturers created hierarchies in the way they described the encounters between different kinds of students.Some signs of pluralizing both local and international students were also found in some lecturers’discourses.Originality/Value:The article ends with recommendations for institutions regarding the lecturers’problematic role of gatekeepers in student encounters and the limiting categories used in institutions of higher education to refer to students.

关键词： Encounters Finland international students internationalization system network analysis

Inhibition and enhancement of neural regeneration by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 687-691页

作者： Heikki Rauvala Mikhail Paveliev Juha Kuja-Panula Natalia Kulesskaya Neuroscience Center University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

The current dogma in neural regeneration research implies that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans(CSPGs) inhibit plasticity and regeneration in the adult central nervous system(CNS). We argue that the role of the CSPGs can be reversed from inhibition to activation by developmentally expressed CSPG-binding factors. Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule(HB-GAM; also designated as pleiotrophin) has been studied as a candidate molecule that might modulate the role of CSPG matrices in plasticity and regeneration. Studies in vitro show that in the presence of soluble HB-GAM chondroitin sulfate(CS) chains of CSPGs display an enhancing effect on neurite outgrowth. Based on the in vitro studies, we suggest a model according to which the HB-GAM/CS complex binds to the neuron surface receptor glypican-2, which induces neurite growth. Furthermore, HB-GAM masks the CS binding sites of the neurite outgrowth inhibiting receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma(PTPσ), which may contribute to the HB-GAM-induced regenerative effect. In vivo studies using two-photon imaging after local HB-GAM injection into prick-injury of the cerebral cortex reveal regeneration of dendrites that has not been previously demonstrated after injuries of the mammalian nervous system. In the spinal cord, two-photon imaging displays HB-GAM-induced axonal regeneration. Studies on the HB-GAM/CS mechanism in vitro and in vivo are expected to pave the way for drug development for injuries of brain and spinal cord.

关键词： CNS injury axon regeneration dendrite regeneration proteoglycans aggrecan glypican HB-GAM pleiotrophin PTEN

Physiology of gangliosides and the role of antiganglioside antibodies in human diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第4期17卷 313-322页

作者： Gianni Cutillo Anna-Helena Saariaho Seppo Meri Translational Immunology Research Program and the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Humanitas university MilanRozzanoItaly helsinki university Hospital Laboratory(HUSLAB) HelsinkiFinland

Gangliosides are structurally and functionally polymorphic sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids that are widely distributed in the human body.They play important roles in protecting us against immune attacks,yet they can become targets for autoimmunity and act as receptors for microbes,like the influenza viruses,and toxins,such as the cholera toxin.The expression patterns of gangliosides vary in different tissues,during different life periods,as well as in different animals.Antibodies against gangliosides(AGA)can target immune attack e.g.,against neuronal cells and neutralize their complement inhibitory activity.AGAs are important especially in acquired demyelinating immune-mediated neuropathies,like Guillain–Barrésyndrome(GBS)and its variant,the Miller–Fisher syndrome(MFS).They can emerge in response to different microbial agents and immunological insults.Thereby,they can be involved in a variety of diseases.In addition,antibodies against GM3 were found in the sera of patients vaccinated with Pandemrix®,who developed secondary narcolepsy,strongly supporting the autoimmune etiology of the disease.

关键词： ganglioside Guillain-Barre syndrome complement narcolepsy sialic acid

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as biomarkers for gastric cancer:A review

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2018年第3期4卷 156-163页

作者： Meri R.Raiha Pauli A.Puolakkainen Department of Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinki 00014Finland

Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with an incidence of a million new cases annually. In addition to having a high mortality rate due to often delayed detection and its poor response to cancer therapy, it also spreads aggressively. Inflammation has been shown to play a role in carcinogenesis. Consequently, macrophages are important in phagocytosis, antigen presenting and producing cytokines and growth factors. As a response to microenvironmental signals, they may polarize into tumor resisting M1 or tumor promoting M2 macrophages. Recently, studies have indicated that M2-type macrophage resembling tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) might be used as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. This review will discuss the possible use of TAMs as prognostic tools for gastric cancer and whether they are suitable for use in clinical environment.

关键词： Gastric cancer Tumor-associated macrophages Biomarkers Prognosis Diagnosis

Character Sheaves for Classical Graded Lie Algebras

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第3期40卷 870-884页

作者： Ting XUE School of Mathematics and Statistics University of MelbourneVIC 3010Australia Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of HelsinkiHelsinki 00014Finland

In this note we study character sheaves for graded Lie algebras arising from inner automorphisms of special linear groups and Vinberg’s type Ⅱ classical graded Lie algebras.

关键词： Graded Lie algebras character sheaves Fourier transform nilpotent orbits

Gene mutations in stool from gastric and colorectal neoplasia patients by next-generation sequencing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8291-8299页

作者： Omar Youssef Virinder Sarhadi Homa Ehsan Tom Bohling Monika Carpelan-Holmstrom Selja Koskensalo Pauli Puolakkainen Arto Kokkola Sakari Knuutila Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Department of Pathology University of Helsinki and HUSLABHelsinki University Hospital The HUCH Gastrointestinal Clinic University Central Hospital of Helsinki

AIM To study cancer hotspot mutations by next-generation sequencing(NGS) in stool DNA from patients with different gastrointestinal tract(GIT) neoplasms. METHODS Stool samples were collected from 87 Finnish patients diagnosed with various gastric and colorectal neoplasms, including benign tumors, and from 14 healthy controls. DNA was isolated from stools by usingthe PSP~? Spin Stool DNA Plus Kit. For each sample, 20 ng of DNA was used to construct sequencing libraries using the Ion AmpliS eq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 or Ion AmpliS eq Colon and Lung Cancer panel v2. Sequencing was performed on Ion PGM. Torrent Suite Software v.5.2.2 was used for variant calling and data analysis.RESULTS NGS was successful in assaying 72 GIT samples and 13 healthy controls, with success rates of the assay being78% for stomach neoplasia and 87% for colorectal tumors. In stool specimens from patients with gastric neoplasia, five hotspot mutations were found in APC,CDKN2 A and EGFR genes, in addition to seven novel mutations. From colorectal patients, 20 mutations were detected in AKT1, APC, ERBB2, FBXW7, KIT, KRAS,NRAS, SMARCB1, SMO, STK11 and TP53. Healthy controls did not exhibit any hotspot mutations, except for two novel ones. APC and TP53 were the most frequently mutated genes in colorectal neoplasms, with five mutations, followed by KRAS with two mutations.APC was the most commonly mutated gene in stools of patients with premalignant/benign GIT lesions.CONCLUSION Our results show that in addition to colorectal neoplasms,mutations can also be assayed from stool specimens of patients with gastric neoplasms.

关键词： Stool DNA Next-generation sequencing Mutations Gastric neoplasia Colorectal neoplasia