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Assessment of level of knowledge and utilization of emergency contraception among female students of hawassa university, south Ethiopia

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2013年第3期1卷 51-56页

作者： Ejara Tolossa Birhan Meshesha Amanuel Alemu Abajobir College of Health Sciences Debremarkos University Debremarkos Ethiopia College of Health Sciences Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia

Introduction: Emergency contraception is used as an emergency procedure to prevent unintended pregnancy secondary to an unprotected se xual intercourse and method failure. Hence, this study assessed the level of knowledge and utilization of emergency contraception among undergraduate regular female students of hawassa university, south Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among female students of hawassa university in December 2012. Seven hundred seventy six of the students were sampled by using multistage sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The majority 719 (92.7%) of female university students ever had sexual intercourse and 17 (2.2%) experienced forced sex. Eight (47%) of these 17 students experienced unintended pregnancy all of which resulted in an induced abortion. Three hundred seventy nine (72.2%) of the respondents had knowledge about emergency contraceptives and only 41 (10.8%) of them had ever used emergency contraceptives;oral contraceptive pills were the most widely used form of all emergency contraceptives 41 (10.8%). Age, marital status and age at menarche were associated with knowledge of emergency contraception;moreover, residence, year of study and experience of forced sex were found to be predictors of emergency contraception utilization. Conclusion: Female university students had been experiencing high rate of unintended sexual practice and pregnancy, low knowledge level and utilization of emergency contraceptives;moreover, they had no youth-friendly access to the services. Therefore, there is a need for collaborated effort to improve service access and scale up their utilization level to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

关键词： Emergency Contraception Knowledge Utilization Female Students Ethiopia

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Cytologic patterns of lymph node diseases in hawassa university Referral Hospital,Southern Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第5期 395-397页

作者： Gemechu Ameya Buli Fekade Yerakly Lukas Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health SciencesArba Minch University.Arba MinchEthiopia School of Medicine College of Medicine and Health SciencesHawassa University.HawassaEthiopia

Objective:To assess the cytological patterns of lymph node diseases in patient attended hawassa university Referral Hospital,Southern ***:A five years retrospective descriptive study design was conducted on fine needle aspiration cytology reports of patients referred to pathology laboratory of hawassa university Referral Hospital from September,2009 to September,***:A total of 1067 lymph nodes were aspirated in the study *** lymphadenopathy was the most frequent(48.82%)followed by submandibular(22.77%)lymph *** age group of 11-20 years was the most affected age group while age group above 60 with less *** lymphadenitis was the highest(48.82%),chronic non-specific lymphadenitis(20.33%),reactive(16.21%),pyogenic abscess(5.99%)and the rest were ***:Lymphadenopathy can be associated with a wide range of *** tuberculosis lymphadenitis is the most common cause of enlarged lymph node in the study area.

关键词： Fine needle aspiration cytology Lymphadenopathy Lymph node disease

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Changes and drivers of afro-alpine forest ecosystem: future trajectories and management strategies in Bale eco-region, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 436-448页

作者： Adane Mezgebu Getachew Workineh hawassa university HawassaEthiopia Debre Tabor university Debre TaborEthiopia

Introduction:Ecosystem change and respective conservation needs were at top priority areas in the globe especially at biodiversity hotspot zones and places of endemism like Bale *** this aspect,this study had tried to assess historical landscape changes of afro-alpine forest ecosystem with its respective driving forces and effectiveness of different institutional arrangements to protect this ***:The study utilized satellite imagery from Landsat series starting from 1986 to 2016,ground truth data from GPS-based field survey,focus group discussions,and reconnaissance field *** landscape maps were prepared with a mix of supervised and unsupervised image classification *** landscape change simulation was undertaken by using cellular automata modeling on Dynamic Environment for Geoprocessing Objects(Dinamica EGO)*** areal change and transition of landscape elements,level of ecosystem fragmentation was assessed with FRAGSTAT ***:Results have shown that there is encroachment of human-induced land use patterns especially agriculture and grazing while closed canopy forest and woodland ecosystems have decreased in their *** outputs for the coming three decades have also shown similar patterns with historical *** changes in areal extent,landscape matrix analysis results indicated that there is increasing class and landscape level fragmentation both in its historical and future probable *** of different management strategies at different institutional arrangement were differ in their effectiveness that federal and regional government were not able to curve landscape ***:In conclusion,increasing population pressure and weak policy implementation and legal enforcement has caused threats for alpine forest ecosystem in Bale *** participatory forest management,management strategies at different institutional arrangements were failed to

关键词： Afro-alpine ecosystem Bale eco-region Fragmentation FRAGSTAT Landscape change Management strategies Remote sensing Simulation

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Community-based knowledge towards rangeland condition, climate change, and adaptation strategies: the case of Afar pastoralists

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 310-322页

作者： Minyahel Tilahun Ayana Angassa Aster Abebe College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Wolkite UniversityGubreiEthiopia Botswana university of Agriculture and Natural Resources GaboroneBotswana School of Animal and Range Sciences Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia

Introduction:Pastoral communities have a comprehensive knowledge of their *** knowledge was acquired through extensive observation of the local environment and continuous herding ***’wisdom about their local environment and adaptation strategies to climate change is essential for sustainable ***,appreciation of pastoralists’knowledge about their environment is also important for the integration of indigenous knowledge with the proper application of scientific approach to fit with the prevailing ecological potential of pastoral ***:Data were collected using focus group discussions,key informant interviews,and in-depth *** in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire that was administered to 100 household heads with the age of above 50 years *** were randomly drawn from selected Pastoralists Associations(PAs)of two study *** were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the logit *** logit model was used to analyze the different coping strategies of pastoralists to overcome the failure of rain during different *** was done by complementing pastoralists’indigenous knowledge of time-series-based analysis across four seasons(Kerma,Gillal,Hagay,and Sugum)*** existing meteorological *** years(from 1971 to 2011)of existing metrological data were used to compare the empirical evidence with pastoralists’***:Respondents mentioned that livestock number was the best indicator for evaluating rangeland condition in Afar *** existing empirical evidence based on metrological data did not show any significant decline in precipitation for the last four decades between 1971 and 2011 as opposed to the perception of pastoralists where 80%of them reported a decline in precipitation.A one unit increase in labor force suggested about 16.1%decrease in the choice of livestock selling as coping strategy in Afar pastoral

关键词： Climate change Adaptation Perception Precipitation Temperature Afar Rangelands

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Human-climate induced drivers of mountain grassland over the last 40 years in Sidama, Ethiopia: perceptions versus empirical evidence

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 392-407页

作者： Denbeshu Debeko Ayana Angassa Aster Abebe Ashenafi Burka Adugna Tolera College of Agriculture School of Animal and Range SciencesHawassa UniversityP.O.Box 05HawassaEthiopia Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource School of Natural Resources and Environmental StudiesHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia Department of Animal Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana

Background:Mountain grasslands are globally important *** are considered as heritage sites with“outstanding values”to ecological communities by adding a further“layer and support to the existing protection measures.”However,mountain grasslands are increasingly under threat from human activities and impacts of climate ***:Using satellite imagery,we studied land use/land cover(LULC)patterns between 1973 and *** interviews consisting of 240 households for comparison and field data collection were conducted for accuracy ***:Five categories of LULC types were identified from the image classification that included forestland,grassland,shrubland,bushland,and agricultural *** 1973 and 2015,the forestland,grassland,and shrubland covers were declined by 15.9%,53.6%,and 41.0%,*** contrast,bushland and agricultural land were increased by 169%and 647%,*** overall LULC classification accuracies for the four reference years ranged from 77.6 to 86.5%with Kappa statistic of 0.69 to *** majority of respondents(92.5%)mentioned that the cover of forestland outsized the other land use land cover types followed by grassland in the ***:The stated indicators of land use/land cover changes linked to the impact of climate change were decline in milk yield and crop production,spread of livestock diseases,degradation of grazing lands,and change in the timing of *** results of the study suggest that human-climate related components were major drivers of land use/land cover dynamics that demand for proper management and conservation of mountain grassland ecosystem in Sidama South Ethiopia.

关键词： Land use/land cover Landsat Remote sensing Change detection Mountain grassland Sidama Household survey

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Conversion of savanna rangelands to bush dominated landscape in Borana,Southern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 60-77页

作者： Teshome Abate Ayana Angassa School of Animal and Range Sciences Hawassa UniversityHawasaEthiopia

Introduction:Analyzing trends of land use systems and the changes occurred overtime is an effective way of assessing the impacts of land use/land cover(LULC)changes on ecosystem *** provides important insights for understanding the spatial patterns of land use *** rangelands of southern Ethiopia are adversely affected by increased human population pressure,encroachment of crop cultivation,and bush ***,it is vital to understand the trends of rangeland vegetation cover ***:This paper evaluates land use/land cover changes and spatial patterns between 1987 and 2003 in Yabelo(5426 km2),Borena rangelands of southern *** used a combination of three Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)1987,Landsat TM 1995 and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+)2003,and local perceptions.A pixelbased supervised classification with maximum likelihood classifier was used to classify *** accuracy of classification was assessed for 1987(81.8%),1995(84.6%),and 2003(81.3%).Results:The results showed that the Borana rangelands had undergone substantial changes during the last 16 *** 1987 and 2003,we observed a considerable increase in woodland cover(11.7%),bushland cover(17%),cultivated land(72.5%),and settlements(79.8%).The results showed a rapid decline in grassland cover(7.7%),shrubby grassland cover(86%),and bareland(0.7%).The spatial pattern analysis indicate that the Borana rangeland was fragmented and characterized by the proliferation of large numbers of patches with a decline in patch index,increased patch density,and irregular shape of patches within a *** communities’perceptions indicate that recurrent drought,increased human population size,and expansion of cultivation were largely responsible for the observed LULC changes in the study ***:LULC changes contribute to rangeland degradation and weaken the traditional practices of rangeland *** suggest appropriate management measures to halt the

关键词： Bush encroachment Landscapepattern Remotesensing LULC Boranarangeland

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Influence of topographic aspect on floristic diversity, structure and treeline of afromontane cloud forests in the Bale Mountains,Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 919-931页

作者： Eshetu Yirdaw Mike Starr Mesele Negash Fantaw Yimer Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa University

We studied the influence of east and west aspects on floristic composition, diversity, structure and treeline of afromontane cloud forests at Rira in the Bale Mountains, southeast Ethiopia. In addition, we studied how aspect relates to and/or interacts with other topographic and edaphic factors in influencing vegetation diversity. Strati- fied systematic plot sampling was used to survey the floristic composition, diversity and structure of forests on east- and west-facing slopes. The sample plot size was 20 x 20 m and a total of 36 plots were inventoried. A total of 72 composite soil samples were collected and analysed. Woody species richness of the forest on the east-facing slope was 1.7 times higher than on the west-facing slope. Shannon, Simpson and Log-series alpha diversity indices and evenness of forests on the east-facing slope were sig- nificantly higher than on the west-facing slope. NMDS ordination indicated that the east- and west-facing slopes formed two clusters of species and aspect explained 55.2 % and 10.4 % of the variation in species richness and abun- dance, respectively. There was no significant difference between aspects in stand structure except in dominantheight, which was higher on the east-facing slopes. There was significant interaction between aspect and elevation in influencing woody species diversity. The four plant com- munity groups, which were identified using cluster and indicator species analysis were represented differently on the east and west aspects. The treeline on the east-facing slope （3352 m） was located about 110 m higher than on the west-facing slope （3240 m）. Soil moisture deficiency was unlikely to be a limiting factor on either site. Near the equator, east-west aspect was shown to have considerable impact on floristic composition, diversity, structure, and treeline position of montane forests. Diurnal cloud move- ment patterns and its impact on microclimate of slope aspect should be taken into account in future studies

关键词： Afromontane Aspect Cloud forests Ethiopia Floristic diversity

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Demography and dynamics of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the Bale Mountains National Park,Ethiopia

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 660-669页

作者： Yosef MAMO Michelle A.PINARD Afework BEKELE hawassa university Department of Wildlife and Eco-tourism university of Aberdeen Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences Addis Ababa university Department of Biology

We studied the population dynamics of endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni between 2003-2005 in the Bale Mountains National Park. Line-transect sampling and total count methods were used to gather data on demographics and movement patterns. The population＇s age-group composition was 58% adults, 25% sub-adults, 9% juveniles, 5% calves and 3% unidentified with a female-male sex ratio of 2：1. Population density was found to be significantly different between the two sub-populations （Dinsho Sanctuary and Gaysay/Adelay）. A significant difference was found for age-group composition across the two sub-populations except adult females, sub-adult males and calves. The Dinsho sub-population was an isolated group. Separation and containment of the mountain nyala population could have negatively affected their ability to search for habitat requirements and mates from distant areas. The population varied between 830-908 individuals （95% CI）, a reduction of 45% from earlier reports. However, the mean population density increased due to contraction of the species＇ habitat range. We observed a population decrease of 2%-5% per year over the course of our study. Many of the assessed demographic parameters did not significantly change over the three years. This suggests that the decrease in nyala population was not due to random variations in reproduction. Anthropogenic factors such as competition with livestock for forage, habitat encroachment and poaching by the local people might have been partly responsible for the depleted population in our study areas [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 660q569, 2010].

关键词： Density Dynamics Group size Mountain nyala Movement Sex ratio

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Ocular manifestation and their associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第5期10卷 776-781页

作者： Anteneh Amsalu Kindie Desta Demiss Nigussie Demoze Delelegne Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar P.O.box 196 Ethiopia School of medicine College of Medicine and Health SciencesHawassa University Hawassa EO.box 1560 Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health Sciences Hawassa University Hawassa RO.box 1560 Ethiopia

AIM：To assess the pattern of ocular manifestation and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART） at hawassa university Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS：A cross sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to April 2015. After obtaining informed written consent, 240 adult HIV/AIDS patients on HAART were randomly selected regardless of their ophthalmic symptoms, WHO status or CD4 count. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and ophthalmologic clinical examination. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. RESULTS：The mean duration of HAART was 62.5mo. The prevalence of HIV related ocular manifestation was 14.2%. Seborrheic blepharitis（5%） was the most common ocular manifestation, followed by squamoid conjunctival growth（3.8%）. The rate of ocular manifestation was significantly higher among study participants who had CD4＋ count 〈200 cells/μL（AOR=3.83; 95%CI：1.315-11.153）, low duration of HAART（AOR=3.0; 95%CI：1.305-6.891） and who had primary school education [odds ratio（OR） =2.8; 95%CI：1.105-7.099]. Prevalence of visual impairment and blindness was 10.9% and 5.8%, ***：HAART may be the reason for the decline in the prevalence of ocular manifestation in HIV/AIDS patients in the study area. Ophthalmologic screening of HIV/AIDS patients, especially those with CD4 counts of 〈200/μL cells and in the first five years of HAART followup is recommended to reduce visual impairment and/or blindness.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ocular manifestation highlyactive antiretroviral therapy

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When are patients lost to follow-up in pre-antiretroviral therapy care? a retrospective assessment of patients in an Ethiopian rural hospital

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 209-216页

作者： Tamrat Shaweno Debebe Shaweno Public Health Emergency Response Epidemiologist African UnionAddis AbabaEthiopia School of Public and Environmental Health College of Medicine and Health SciencesHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia

Background:There is concern about the increasing rates of loss to follow-up(LTFU)among pre-antiretroviral therapy(pre-ART)patients in *** information is available regarding the time when pre-ART patients are lost to follow-up in the *** study assessed the time when LTFU occurs as well as the associated factors among adults enrolled in pre-ART care in an Ethiopian rural ***:Data of all adult pre-ART patients enrolled at the Sheka Zonal Hospital between 2010 and 2013 were *** were considered lost to follow-up if they failed to keep scheduled appointments for more than 90 *** Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess factors associated with time until *** Kaplan-Meier survival table was used to compare the LTFU experiences of patients,segregated by significant ***:A total of 626 pre-ART patients were followed for 319.92 person-years of observation(PYOs)from enrolment to pre-ART outcomes,with an overall LTFU rate of 55.8 per 100 PYOs.A total of 178(28.4%)pre-ART patients were lost to follow-up,93%of which occurred within the first six *** median follow-up time was 6.13 *** independent predictors included:not having been started on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis(adjusted hazard ratio[AHR]=1.77,95%confidence interval[CI],1.12–2.79),a baseline CD4 count of or above 350 cells/mm3(AHR=1.87,95%CI,1.02–3.45),and an undisclosed HIV status(AHR=3.04,95%CI,2.07–4.45).Conclusion:A significant proportion of pre-ART patients is lost to *** having been started on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis,presenting to care with a baseline CD4 cell count≥350 cells/mm3,and an undisclosed HIV status were significant predictors of LTFU among pre-ART ***,close monitoring and tracking of patients during this period is highly *** patients with identified risk factors deserve special attention.

关键词： Pre-ART Loss to follow-up Rural Ethiopia

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