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The Roles of Barotropic Instability and the Beta Effect in the Eyewall Evolution of Tropical Cyclones

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第11期39卷 1800-1815页

作者： Jie JIANG Yuqing WANG Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluHawaii 96822USA International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluHawaii 96822USA

Diabatic heating by convection in the eyewall often produces an annular region of high potential vorticity(PV)around the relatively low PV eye in a strong tropical cyclone(TC).Such a PV ring is barotropically unstable and can encourage the exponential growth of PV *** this study,such instability and the subsequent nonlinear evolution of three TC-like vortices having PV rings with different degrees of hollowness on an f-plane are first examined using an unforced,inviscid shallow-water-equation *** show that the simulated eyewalls evolve similarly to those in the nondivergent barotropic *** is also found that the polygonal eyewall structure can be decomposed into vortex Rossby waves(VRWs)of different wavenumbers with different amplitudes,allowing for wave-wave interactions to produce complicated behaviors of mesovortices in the TC *** same set of PV rings has been examined on a *** the beta effect has been rendered unimportant to the eyewall evolution due to the relatively small scale of the inner-core circulation,this study shows that the beta effect may erode the coherent structure of mesovortices in the eyewall of an initially hollow PV-ring *** modeled on the beta-plane with a greater beta parameter tend to experience an earlier breakdown and enhanced radial gradients of the basic-state(azimuthally mean)angular velocity,followed by wave-wave,wave-flow interactions,leading to earlier merger and axisymmetrization *** result implies that the beta effect could be one of the forcings that shorten the lifetime of quasi-steady mesovortices in the eyewall of real TCs.

关键词： tropical cyclones vortex rossby waves barotropic instability Beta effect

High Resolution Global Modeling of the Atmospheric Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第6期23卷 842-856页

作者： Kevin HAMILTON International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluHawaii 96822USA

An informal review is presented of recent developments in numerical simulation of the global atmospheric circulation with very fine numerical resolution models, The focus is on results obtained recently with versions of the GFDL SKYHI model and the Atmospheric Model for the Earth Simulator （AFES） global atmospheric models. These models have been run with effective horizontal grid resolution of -10-40 km and fine vertical resolution. The results presented demonstrate the utility of such models for the study of a diverse range of phenomena, Specifically the models are shown to simulate the development of tropical cyclones with peak winds and minimum central pressures comparable to those of the most intense hurricanes actually observed, More fundamentally, the spectrum of energy content in the mesoscale in the flow can be reproduced by these models down to near the smallest explicitly-resolved horizontal scales, in the middle atmosphere it is shown that increasing horizontal resolution can lead to significantly improved overall simulation of the global-scale circulation, The application of the models to two specific problems requiring very fine resolution global will be discussed, The spatial and temporal variability of the vertical eddy flux of zonal momentum associated with gravity waves near the tropopause is evaluated in the very fine resolution AFES model, This is a subject of great importance for understanding and modelling the flow in the middle atmosphere, Then the simulation of the small scale variations of the semidiurnal surface pressure oscillation is analyzed, and the signature of significant topographic modulation of the semidiurnal atmospheric tide is identified.

关键词： general circulation model mesoscale simulation gravity waves atmospheric tides

Efficient ozonation of reverse osmosis concentrates from petroleum refinery wastewater using composite metal oxideloaded alumina

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Petroleum Science 2017年第3期14卷 605-615页

作者： Yu Chen Chun-Mao Chen Brandon A.Yoza Qing X.Li Shao-Hui Guo Ping Wang Shi-Jie Dong Qing-Hong Wang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control China University of Petroleum hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa

Novel Mn–Fe–Mg-and Mn–Fe–Ce-loaded alumina（Mn–Fe–Mg/Al2O3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3） were developed to catalytically ozonate reverse osmosis concentrates generated from petroleum refinery wastewaters（PRW-ROC）. Highly dispersed 100–300-nm deposits of composite multivalent metal oxides of Mn（Mn^2＋）, Mn^3＋,and Mn^4＋, Fe（Fe^2＋）and Fe^3＋ and Mg（Mg^2＋）, or Ce（Ce^4＋） were achieved on Al2O3 supports. The developed Mn–Fe–Mg/Al2O3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3 exhibited higher catalytic activity during the ozonation of PRW-ROC than Mn–Fe/Al2O3, Mn/Al2O-3, Fe/Al2O3, and Al2O3. Chemical oxygen demand removal by Mn–Fe–Mg/Al2O3-or Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3-catalyzed ozonation increased by 23.9% and23.2%, respectively, in comparison with single ***–Fe–Mg/Al2O3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al2O3 notably promoted áOH generation and áOH-mediated oxidation. This study demonstrated the potential use of composite metal oxide-loaded Al2O3 in advanced treatment of bio-recalcitrant wastewaters.

关键词： Petroleum refinery wastewater Reverseosmosis concentrate Catalytic ozonation Compositemetal oxide

Decadal Variation of Summer Rainfall in the Yangtze- Huaihe River Valley and Its Relationship to Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies over East Asia and Western North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1998年第4期15卷 80-92页

作者：吴仁广陈烈庭 Department of Meteorology University of Hawaii at Manoa 96822 Honolulu Hawaii USA

Decadal variations of summer rainfall during 1951 through 1990 are analyzed by using summer rainfall data of 160 stations in China. Four major patterns of decadal variations are identified. The decadal variations of summer rainfall showed northward shift in the eastern China from South China through the Yangtze-Huaihe River to North China. Summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley underwent two obvious decadal transitions during the 40 years: one from rainy period to drought period in the end of the 1950′s, the other from drought period to rainy period in the late 1970′s. Correspondingly, the atmospheric circulation over East Asia through the western North Pacific showed two similar obvious transitions. The East Asian/Pacific (EAP) pattern switched from high index to low index in the end of the 1950′s and from low index to high index in the late 1970′s, respectively. Hence, summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley is closely associated with the EAP pattern not only in the interannual variation but also in the decadal variation.

关键词： Summer rainfall Decadal variation EAP pattern

Market-based coordination of price-responsive demand using Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition method

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 329-340页

作者： Foad Najafi Matthias Fripp Department of Electrical Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa2540 Dole StreetHonoluluHawaiiUnited States

The increasing penetration of Distributed Generation(DG)and Demand Responsive(DR)loads in power systems has necessitated the development of novel approaches to address the coordination problem of Price Responsive Devices(PRD).These PRDs are treated as self-interested players aiming to optimize their consumption patterns based on prevailing *** this paper,we propose a new algorithm based on the Dantzig-Wolfe(DW)Decomposition method,which tackles the coordination problem of self-interested PRDs in a distributed *** the distributed nature of the DW approach,we model the self-interested algorithms of PRDs as sub-problems within the DW *** coordinator,or grid operator,responsible for collecting the energy consumption information(energy bids)of PRDs,solves the master problem of the DW and determines the price signal *** proposed algorithm exhibits fast convergence as the sub-problems within DW,which could involve a large number of PRDs(potentially millions),can be solved ***,based on the DW theory,if the PRDs’subproblems are convex,reaching the optimal point(equivalent to Nash Equilibrium)is guaranteed within a limited number of *** evaluate the proposed model,we conducted a simulation involving 200 participant households,each equipped with two types of loads:Electric Vehicles(EVs)as examples of inter-ruptible loads,and Electric Water Heaters(EWHs)as examples of Thermostatically Controlled Loads(TCLs).The results demonstrate that when the algorithm converges to the optimal point,both the generation cost and user payment(based on the marginal cost of generation)***,there is a significant reduction in the Peak to Average Ratio(PAR)of the aggregate load.

关键词： Demand-side management(DSM) Distributed optimization Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm Price responsive devices(PRD) Appliance coordination

Almost sure stability condition of weakly coupled linear nonautonomous random systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2010年第8期31卷 1033-1038页

作者： T．W．MA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 USA

In this study, the sufficient condition of almost sure stability of twodimensional oscillating systems under parametric excitations is investigated. The systems considered are assumed to be composed of two weakly coupled subsystems. The driving actions are considered to be stationary stochastic processes satisfying ergodic properties. The properties of quadratic forms are used in conjunction with the bounds for the eigenvalues to obtain, in a closed form, the sufficient condition for the almost sure stability of the systems.

关键词： almost sure stability ergodic process bound for eigenvalue

CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE GENESIS IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC DURING THE DEVELOPING AND DECAYING PHASES OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2015年第1期21卷 14-22页

作者：钟佩瑄李天明 Department of History and Geography University of Taipei IPRC/SOEST University of Hawaii at Manoa

During the developing phase of central Pacific El Nio(CPEN), more frequent TC genesis over the northwest quadrant of the western North Pacific(WNP) is attributed to the horizontal shift of environmental vorticity *** a northwestward shift resembles the La Nia composite, even though factors that cause the shift differ(in the La Nia case the relative humidity effect is crucial). Greater reduction of TC frequency over WNP happened during the decaying phase of eastern Pacific El Nio(EPEN) than CPEN, due to the difference of the anomalous Philippine Sea anticyclone strength. The TC genesis exhibits an upward(downward) trend over the northern(southern) part of the WNP,which is linked to SST and associated circulation changes through local and remote effects.

关键词： tropical cyclone genesis western North Pacific two types of El Ni觡o growing and decaying phases gene-sis trends

Growth, Experience and Nature in Dewey＇s Philosophy and Chinese Philosophy

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2017年第1期12卷 90-103页

作者： LIU Jing Department of Philosophy University of Hawaii at Manoa Hawaii 96822 USA

Growth is an important concept in Dewey＇s philosophy, and, indeed, its ultimate focus. It is not, however, an easy task to posit growth as an ethical ideal, for here Dewey immediately faces a metaphysical dilemma： whether to offer us an objective standard of growth, which becomes a type of absolutism, or to inevitably fall into relativism. This paper explores how Dewey avoids this dilemma with his concept of experience, which is interrogated through the relationship between human beings and nature. Still, human growth in nature involves the cultivation of virtuosities （de 德） in accordance with the rhythm of nature, and requires a completely different way of life other than our technological one. For this reason, I use Chinese philosophy, specifically ideas from the Yijing, to show how growth can be illustrated through the interaction between humans and the natural world.

关键词： Dewey growth experience nature tianren heyi 天人合一

The Development of a Renewable-Energy-Driven Reverse Osmosis System for Water Desalination and Aquaculture Production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1357-1362页

作者： Clark C K Liu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Water Resources Research CenterUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa

Water and energy are closely linked natural resources - the transportation, treatment, and distribution of water depends on low-cost energy; while power generation requires large volumes of water. Seawater desalination is a mature technology for increasing freshwater supply, but it is essentially a trade of energy for freshwater and is not a viable solution for regions where both water and energy are in short supply. This paper discusses the development and application of a renewable-energy-driven reverse osmosis （RO） system for water desalination and the treatment and reuse of aquaculture wastewater. The system consists of （1） a wind-driven pumping subsystem, （2） a pressure-driven RO membrane desalination subsystem, and （3） a solar-driven feedback control module. The results of the pilot experiments indicated that the system, operated under wind speeds of 3 m s-~ or higher, can be used for brackish water desalination by reducing the salinity of feedwater with total dissolved solids （TDS） of over 3 000 mg L-1 to product water or permeate with a TDS of 200 mg L-~ or less. Results of the pilot experiments also indicated that the system can remove up to 97% of the nitrogenous wastes from the fish pond effluent and can recover and reuse up to 56% of the freshwater supply for fish pond operation.

关键词： renewable energy desalination pressure-driven membrane processes aquaculture fish pond