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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021年第4期11卷 187-198页

作者： Khidir Tajelseir Othman Nibras Ahmed Elaas Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

2-Isoxazolines and 2-pyrazolines have been derived from oxime and hydrazone derivatives reacted with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA). Cyclization strategy is developed for the reaction of β, γ-unsaturated hydrazones with the TCCA to drive 2-pyrazolines and the reaction of β, γ-unsaturated oximes with NCS to derive 2-isoxalzolines. Structures of all new 2-isoxazolines and 2-pyrazolines have been elucidated by microanalyses, 1H, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopies.

关键词： 2-Isoxazolines 2-Pyrazolines NCS TCCA

Variation in Thermal time model Parameters Between Two Contrasting Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第12期6卷 1421-1427页

作者： Atif Hassan Naim Faisal El Gasim Ahmed Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan

A laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different constant temperatures on germination and early seedling establishment and to study the variation among parameters of thermal time model parameters for two contrasting chickpea cultivars . Seeds were subjected to six constant temperatures from 10 o C to 35 o C . A complete randomized design was used with four replication. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among treatments for all characters studied. The final germination percentage significantly increased with increasing temperature up to 25 ° C, and thereafter there was a sharp decrease in final germination at 30 ° and 35 ° C. Desi type cultivar (small seeded) “Jabel Marra” significantly exhibited higher final germination percentage and lower germination rate compared with the kabui type cultivar “Shendi” at all temperatures. The median (θ T(50) ) of the thermal time was significantly differ between the two chickpea cultivars. The large seeded cultivars (shendi) recorded significantly higher median thermal time than the small seeded cultivars (Jabel Marra). The results also revealed a significant differences between the two cultivars in all thermal time model parameters. The small seeded cultivar (Jabel Marra) scored lower total dry matter and temperature tolerance index (TTI) compared to the large seeded cultivar (Shendi) at all temperatures studied.

关键词： Cicer arietinum Chickpea Base temperture Germination Thermal time model

The Role of Agricultural Extension in Decentralizing the Sensitivity of Vegetable Farmers to the Risk of Residual Pesticide Effects

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 722-729页

作者： Aiman Hamad Eltyeb Elshifa Ali Mergani Omeima Bashir Khalid Tawheed Mohammed Elheesin Shareef Khalid Ahmed Abbakar Department of Economic Agricultural and Rural Development Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development College of Agricultural Studies Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum North Sudan Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Agriculture Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Department of Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Education University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan College of Mathematics and Statistics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China

This study was carried out in the northern Khartoum (Bahry Locality) with the aim of knowing the role of agricultural extension in developing the awareness of the farmer to the danger of residual effect of pesticides (vegetable farmers). The social survey method was used to conduct this study;100 vegetable farmers were selected randomly. The data collected through questionnaires, observation, and interviews for primary data, previously concerned, and reference documents were used to collect secondary data. Data collected were analyzed using the statistical packages for social science (SPSS). The study yielded some useful results, the most important of which are: the presence of respondents who obtain their information about pesticides from merchants, the absence of a guide provider in their area, and the absence of any seminars or lectures on the use of pesticides, or programs. For example, radio and television programs were presented but protective clothing was not used. This study is based on the researcher's advocate for the following: intensifying agricultural extension and employee visits to the agricultural field, in addition to intensifying educational evidence for consumers regarding pesticides and providing preliminary data on pesticides and how to deal with them and increase them. Educate farmers about the safe use of pesticides and identify the risks and damages that pesticides cause to humans.

关键词： Agricultural Sector Pesticides Vegetables Awareness

Global Bounded Solutions for the Keller-Segel Chemotaxis System with Singular Sensitivity

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Applied Mathematics 2020年第10期11卷 985-990页

作者： Khalid Ahmed Abbakar Omer Khalil Alhussein Mohamed Bechir Mahamat Abdoulaye Ali Abeer Alhadi College of Mathematics and Statistics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China Department of Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Education University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China

In this paper, we consider the Neumann initial-boundary value problem for the Keller-Segel chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity (0.1) is considered in a bounded domain with smooth boundary, Ω ⊂Rn (n ≥ 1), where d1 > 0, d2 > 0 with parameter χ ∈ R. When d1 = d2 + χ, satisfying for all initial data 0 ≤ n0 ∈ C0 and 0 v0∈ W1,∞ (Ω), we prove that the problem possesses a unique global classical solution which is uniformly bounded in Ω × (0, ∞).

关键词： Keller-Segel System Chemotaxis Global Bounded Solution Singular Sensitivity

Uniqueness of Positive Radial Solutions for a Class of Semipositone Systems on the Exterior of a Ball

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Applied Mathematics 2021年第3期12卷 131-146页

作者： Alhussein Mohamed Khalid Ahmed Abbakar Abuzar Awad Omer Khalil Bechir Mahamat Acyl Abdoulaye Ali Youssouf Mohammed Mousa College of Mathematics and Statistics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China Department of Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Education University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan Department of Science College of Education Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan

In this paper, we study the positive radial solutions for elliptic systems to the nonlinear BVP: , where Δu = div (∇u) and Δv = div (∇v) are the Laplacian of u, λ is a positive parameter, Ω = {x ∈ Rn : N > 2, |x| > r0, r0 > 0}, let i = [1,2] then Ki :[r0,∞] → (0,∞) is a continuous function such that limr→∞ ki(r) = 0 and is The external natural derivative, and : [0, ∞) → (0, ∞) is a continuous function. We discuss existence and multiplicity results for classes of f with a) fi > 0, b) fi fi = 0. We base our presence and multiple outcomes via the Sub-solutions method. We also discuss some unique findings.

关键词： Elliptic System Positive Radial Solution Exterior Domains Fixed Point Index

Stability Analysis and Hopf Bifurcation for ODE System of Predator-Prey Model with Mutual Interference

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Applied Mathematics 2021年第9期12卷 793-802页

作者： Khalid Ahmed Abbakar Yafei Yang Alhussein Mohamed Songchen Xia Mogahid Mamoon Abkar Omer Bushra Elfadil Hassan College of Mathematics and Statistics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China Department of Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Education University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan School of Mathematics and Statistics Northeast Normal University Changchun China Department of Mathematics School of Mathematics University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

In this paper, the temporal and spatial patterns of a diffusive predator-prey model with mutual interference under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions were studied. Specifically, first, taking the intrinsic growth rate of the predator as the parameter, we give a computational and theoretical analysis of Hopf bifurcation on the positive equilibrium for the ODE system. As well, we have discussed the conditions for determining the bifurcation direction and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions.

关键词： Predator-Prey Model Mutual Interference Hopf Bifurcation Functional Response

Assessment of Using Cosmetics Containing Hydroquinone among Sudanese Women

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2015年第2期5卷 73-77页

作者： H. M. Osman M. E. Shayoub Munzir M. E. Ahmed E. M. Babiker Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of National Ribat Khartoum Sudan Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine AL-Gadarif University Gadarif Sudan Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

Many countries in the world wide banned hydroquinone in cosmetics skin lightening but it is still used in most of Africa countries, including Sudan. Few studies were carried out on the side effect of hydroquinone on Sudanese women. Therefore, the present study was carried out in Khartoum state in April to May/2014 to assess the awareness of Sudanese women about using hydroquinone and its probable risks. The results revealed that, highly using cosmetics containing hydroquinone by women aged between 20 - 29 years (78.3%) as well as by those classified as single (69.6%). The results also showed that the highest percentage of women was using it during evening (81.2%) and a high percentage of them was using it for skin lightening (65.2%), followed by elimination acne (20.3%) and about 10.1% for both skin lightening and elimination of acne and very little (4.3%) for freckle elimination. Moreover, the results showed a very high percentage of women (94.2%) used the chemical without being prescribed by doctors and about (85.5%) of them didn’t know its nature and risks on human health. Consequently, (50.7%) of women have had sides effects, (44.9 %) used more than one and (44.1%) used it regularly. In addition, the results revealed that a wide range of products of this chemical was available in local market with amalico (34.8%) being highly used. The study can conclude that the awareness of Sudanese women about this compound was poor and needs to be raised by health authorities.

关键词： Cosmetics Side Effects Hydroquinone Skin Lightening

Protective Activity of Camel’s Milk and Urine Mixture (Camelus dromedaries) against Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2017年第10期8卷 378-387页

作者： Ahmed E. Elhag F. Bernard Samia M. A. El Badwi Department of Preventive Medicine and Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Sciences University of Gadarif Al Gadarif Sudan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum North Sudan CIRAD-ES Campus International de Baillarguet TA C/dir B Montpellier France

This study was implemented at the university of Khartoum to investigate the protective effect of camel milk mixed with camel urine against alcohol-induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. The reasons for combining camel milk and urine together are because that in Sudan this combination is used extensively in traditional medicine and they claimed that this combination cures a lot of diseases including liver disease and jaundice;25 Wister Albino rats of both sexes were brought and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (control group) received normal saline, group 2 received ethanol 10% at dose of (0.5 g/100g body weight) and group 3 rats received Silymarin (5 mg/100g body weight) plus ethanol 10% (0.5 g/100g). Group 4 received a mixture of camel milk and urine (1:1) at the rate of 2 ml/100g and group 5 rats were administered with the mixture of camel’s milk and urine as in group 4 plus ethanol 10% (0.5 g/100g). All treatments given by an oral intubation, experiment lasts for 28 days, rats were euthanized, serum samples and liver sections obtained. Oral administration of 10% ethanol (0.5 g/100g) induced liver damage which was clear in group 2 in a form of generalized necrosis, fatty change and congestion, beside high elevation of serum enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP). Giving camel’s milk and urine mixture to group 5 with ethanol 10% (0.5 g/100g), resulted in significant reduction of levels of serum enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and in stabilization of serum metabolites (total protein, albumin and bilirubin). The degree of reduction was lower when significantly compared to (Silymarin + ethanol) group, and all results were verified by the histopathological changes. Hepatoprotective effects of camel’s milk and urine mixture were recorded and this could be attributed to antioxidant activity or to its chelate effects on toxicants. Drinking raw camel milk and urine mixture, it was used extensively in traditional medicine in Sudan and it was found safe without any ill effect.

关键词： Camel Milk and Urine Ethanol Hepatoprotection Rats

Characterization and risk factors for unexplained female infertility in Sudan:A case-control study

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World Journal of Methodology 2023年第3期13卷 98-117页

作者： Abdullah Abdulslam Abdullah Musa Ahmed Adesina Oladokun Reproductive Health Sciences Program Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences InstituteUniversity of IbadanIbadan 119Oyo stateNigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadan 119Oyo stateNigeria Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of GadarifAl-Gadarif 32211Sudan Department of Veterinary Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAL-Salam UniversityAl-fula 120West KordofanSudan

BACKGROUND Female infertility with unknown causes(unexplained)remains one of the mysteries in the reproductive health field,where the diagnostic evidence is still weak and the proposed treatments still work with unknown ***,several studies have proposed some possible causes and risk factors for unexplained female *** To characterize and identify factors associated with unexplained infertility in Sudanese *** A matched(age and body mass index)case-control study was conducted from March 2021 to February *** study samples were 210 women with unexplained infertility(UI)and 190 fertile women of reproductive age who were attending the maternity hospitals and fertility clinics in Khartoum,*** risk factors of unexplained infertility were identified using a structured,pretested questionnaire containing information on socio-demographic variables,anthropometrics,clinical diagnosis of infertility,behavioral factors,physical activity assessment,diversity,and consumption of different food groups by the study *** The results showed a higher proportion of women diagnosed with UI were residents of rural areas than controls(21.4%vs 11.1%,P<0.05),and previous miscarriages and/or abortions were more common in fertile women compared with infertile women(13.16%vs 5.71%,P<0.05).Additionally,infertile women had a significantly(P<0.05)higher proportion of family history of infertility(explained and unexplained)compared with ***,after controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables using multivariable logistic regression analysis,only marital status,family history of infertility,use of modern contraceptives,smoking,caffeine consumption,physical activity level,meals consumed,other vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables,and other vegetables were found to be significant(P<0.05)factors associated with unexplained infertility among Sudanese *** Married women with a family history of infertility

关键词： Unexplained infertility Sudanese women Risk factors Dietary diversity Physical activity level

Leptin levels in women with unexplained infertility:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2022年第1期10卷 37-45页

作者： Abdullah Abdulslam Abdullah Musa Ahmed Adesina Oladokun Department of Reproductive Health Sciences Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences InstituteUniversity of IbadanIbadan 119Oyo StateNigeria Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of GadarifGadarif 208Sudan Department of Veterinary Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAL-Salam UniversityAl-Fulla 209West KordofanSudan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of EpidemiologyUniversity College HospitalIbadan 119Oyo stateNigeria

BACKGROUND Unexplained infertility(UI)is usually used for any heterosexual couple who failed to have a successful clinical pregnancy without identifying clear causes after they undergo all standard fertility *** shows that leptin is one of the most accurate biomarkers for ***,conflicting results regarding leptin levels in women with UI have been *** To find the serum leptin levels in women with *** All studies written in English and conducted before April 30,2021 from PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,***,Google Scholar,OpenGrey,OATD,and the infertility conference abstract were *** were found eligible if they provided the mean and standard deviation of leptin for the case group and control *** quality assessment of individual studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment *** synthesis and statistical analysis were done using STATA software version *** A total of 378 studies were reviewed,and just six studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in this *** pooled result showed that leptin levels were significantly higher in women with UI compared to fertile women,with a standardized mean difference of 0.97(95%confidence interval:-0.49-2.43).However,heterogeneity across studies was highly significant(P<0.00001;I2=98.8%).CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that leptin levels are elevated in women with UI compared with fertile women;hence,leptin could be a potential biomarker for UI in women,and it may be useful for identifying women with a high risk of infertility.

关键词： Leptin Meta-analysis Serum level Unexplained infertility Women