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The Role of Sports Diplomacy in Advancing Environmental Security in Africa: Case of Forest Conservation in Kenya

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2021年第5期9卷 199-210页

作者： Benjamin Mutuku Kinyili Shazia Chaudhry Kenya Forest Services EldoretKenya university of Nairobi NairobiKenya

Environmental security remains a key challenge in the late 19th through to the 21st century,whose solution has attracted a number of *** diplomacy has achieved great strides in achieving international,regional,and local ***,the use of sports diplomacy in achieving environmental security has received much less research *** research examines the role of sports in diplomacy in achieving environmental security in *** study was anchored on the soft power theory and Conservation of Resources(COR)theory which offer frameworks for explaining the role of sports diplomacy in advancing environmental *** study adopted exploratory research *** target population was diplomats,marathoners,coaches,environmentalists,conservationists and government officials,academia as well as Water Resources Authority(WRA).The primary data were obtained through open and closed structured *** collected data were analyzed through the use of frequency distribution,and thematic *** study established that sports diplomacy advanced environmental security in Kenya,which was better for athletics and *** security was also enhanced through training,sensitization,conservation efforts,and environmental *** events also allowed a contact-platform for interaction between various groups involved in environment and forest *** study recommends that sports diplomacy should be used in most of the regions in Kenya experiencing environmental perturbations and the current strategies should be applied in the sports diplomacy and environmental conservation as well as ***,the government is also encouraged to appoint more sports ambassadors with proper environmental knowledge to help in environmental *** role of academicians in sports diplomacy and environmental security was found to be minimal where academicians should be at the forefront as the 21st century diplomats are i

关键词： sports diplomacy environmental security forest conservation soft power theory Conservation of Resources(COR)theory

The Effectiveness of Coccinellids as Natural Enemies of Aphids in Maize, Beans and Cowpeas Intercrop

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第8期2卷 1003-1010页

作者： Robert W. Nyukuri Stella C. Kirui Fred M. E. Wanjala 1 Jared O. Odhiambo Evelyne Cheramgoi Department of Biological Sciences School of Science Moi University P.O. Box 1125 Eldoret Kenya Department of Biological Sciences School of Science Narok University College P.O. Box 861 Narok Department of Physics Masinde Muliro University P.O. Box 190 Kakamega Department of Plant Protection Tea Research Foundation P.O. Box 820-20200 Kericho

A field study was conducted in Busia district of Kenya to elucidate the dynamics of ladybirds in mixed stands of maize, beans and cowpeas to determine their efficacy as sole control measures for Aphids. Maize, beans and cowpeas were intercropped using conventional husbandry practices and the general Coccinellid quantified as follows： Colonies of four Coccinellids, starved for 12 hours to enhance feeding on Aphids were assessed. The effects of weather on the abundance of Coccinellids were also investigated and involved collection of meteorological data from the Busia District Agricultural Office （BDAO） and from Busia Farmers Training Centre （BFTC） and relating them to the abundance and predation values. The predator population was most abundant in the mixed stands of maize and beans （2.33 predators/30 Aphids） as compared to their occurrence in pure stands of cowpeas （0.85 predators/30 Aphids）. The genus Cheilomenes spp. was the most ubiquitous predator with a mean of 4.00 individuals/30 Aphids while Hippodamia variegata was the least abundant predator species with a mean of 0.92 individuals/30 Aphids in all the agro-ecosystems. The larvae of Hippodamia variegata were the most bio-efficient, consuming 32.44 Aphids while their adults were the least bio-efficient, consuming 4.22 individuals for a period of 12 hours. The Coccinellids consumed more Aphids at higher aphid densities （24.05 Aphids） than at lower aphid densities （9.44 Aphids） over the same period of time. Rainfall and relative humidity had significant （F = 3.675; P 〈 0.05） effects on the abundance of Coccinellids. Temperature had significant （F = 3.58; P 〈 0.05） effect on the abundance of Coccinellids though at a lower level. Rainfall （r = -0.162） and relative humidity （r = - 0.084） were both inversely correlated with the abundance of Coccinellids. On the other hand, temperature was positively correlated （r = 0.159） with the prevalence of Coccinellids indicating that warmer and drier conditions favoured their

关键词： Efficacy Coccinellids Aphids natural enemies ecological factors crops.

Effects of Different Agroecosystems on Prevalence of Different Species of Pests and Coccinellid Predators

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第6期2卷 776-783页

作者： Robert W. Nyukuri Fred M. E. Wanjala Evelyn Cheramgoi Jared O. Odhiambo Stella C. Kirui Department of Biological Sciences School of Science Moi University P.O. Box 1125 Eldoret Kenya Department of plant protection Tea Research Foundation P.O. Box 820-20200 Kericho Kenya Department of Physics Faculty of Science MasindeMuliro University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 190 KakamegaKenya Department of Biological Sciences School of Science Narok University college P.O. Box 861 Narok Kenya

This study was aimed at determining the effects of mixed and single cropping agroecosystems on the prevalence of different species of insect pests and coccinellids. It involved six growing crops： maize Zea mays L., beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. and cowpeas Vignaunguiculata L. Walp in single and mixed stands and sampling throughout the phenology of the crops. Eight insect pest species were recorded on maize grown alone, while thirty seven insect species were endemic on cowpea mono cropped and were of six orders whereas twenty two insect pest species occurred on beans. The predator population was most abundant in the mixed stands of maize and beans （2.33 predators per 30 aphids） as compared to their occurrence in pure stands of cowpeas （0.85 predators per 30 aphids） as there were numerous aphids on beans at pre-flowering phase that supported a higher population level of coccinellids. Also, predator population was at the peak during the tussling stage of maize as they fed on the pollen grains while aphids on cowpeas co-existed mutualistically with black ants that protected them against predation. The genus Cheilomenes spp. was the most ubiquitous predator with a mean of 4.00 individuals per 30 aphids while Hippodamiavariegata was the least abundant predator species with a mean of 0.92 individuals per 30 aphids in all the agroecosystems as the Cheilomenes spp. had a faster discovery rate, range of perception, effective capture efficiency and a shorter handling time of a prey.

关键词： Phenology stands Zea mays L. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Vignaunguiculata L. Walp agroecosystem

静电纺丝纳米炭纤维的电容去离子化技术用于海水淡化

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新型炭材料（中英文） 2022年第6期37卷 1066-1088页

作者： Bethwel K Tarus Yusufu A C Jande Karoli N Njau Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania Department of Manufacturing Industrial and Textile EngineeringMoi UniversityP.O Box3900EldoretKenya Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures(WISE-Futures)African Centre of Excellence The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyNelson Mandela RoadTengeruP.O.Box 9124Nelson MandelaArushaTanzania Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArusha P.O.Box 447Tanzania

电容去离子技术(CDI)已迅速发展成为极具前景的海水淡化方法之一,该技术主要通过在两个多孔电极之间施加电势,使水中的带电物质向电极表面移动,去除水中的盐分进行海水淡化。当离子可以在电极材料的多孔结构中畅通无阻地通过时,海水淡... 详细信息

电容去离子技术(CDI)已迅速发展成为极具前景的海水淡化方法之一,该技术主要通过在两个多孔电极之间施加电势,使水中的带电物质向电极表面移动,去除水中的盐分进行海水淡化。当离子可以在电极材料的多孔结构中畅通无阻地通过时,海水淡化的效果最佳。纳米结构的多孔炭材料具有较高的比表面积和表面活性,因此更有利运用CDI进行海水淡化。从这个意义上来说,高比表面积静电纺丝炭纳米纤维(CNFs)是非常理想的炭材料,可以在其表面进行掺杂/接枝活性剂增强表面特性。与传统的用粉状材料制备得到的电极不同,CNF可以无需使用黏合剂自支撑形成电极,从而避免了电极材料微观结构和导电性的改变。因此,中孔和微孔均匀分布的分层孔结构使得CNF电极具有较好的海水淡化性能。此外,CNFs与法拉第材料的复合材料可以通过双电层(EDL)和赝电容机制的协同作用进一步增强离子的存储能力。本文重点综述了在CDI工艺中静电纺丝CNFs电极的主要前驱体材料、结构改性及其在盐离子电吸附中的性能。

关键词：电容去离子作用海水淡化炭纳米纤维静电纺丝电吸附

Pharmacokinetic,Physicochemical and Medicinal Properties of N-glycoside Anti-cancer Agent More Potent than 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in Lung Cancer Cells

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019年第4期7卷 165-176页

作者： Fidelis Toloyi Ndombera Geoffrey K.K.Maiyoh Vivian C.Tuei Covance Laboratories Inc.BioPharm CMC solutions Greenfield46140IndianaUSA Chemistry Department Wayne State UniversityDetroit48201MichiganUSA Department of Medical Biochemistry School of MedicineMoi University30100EldoretKenya Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study An initiative of the University of Johannesburg and Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore1 Tolip StreetWestdene 2092P.O Box 524Auckland Park 2006JohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of ScienceUniversity of Eldoret30100EldoretKenya

Acetylated N-xyloside of 1-naphthylamine(K8A)has been shown to be more potent than 2-deoxy-D-glucose in lung cancer cells and has therapeutic potential for further drug *** this paper we evaluate and report cytotoxicity,pharmacokinetic,physicochemical and medicinal properties of this D-Xylose derivative(K8A)as a lead anticancer agent with greater therapeutic potential than 2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG).2-DG has been in clinical trials for treatment of solid tumors and other types of *** demonstrate using virtual tools that K8A has better“drug-likeness”than 2-DG and does not violate any Lipinski,Ghose,Veber,Egan or Muegge *** the other hand,2-DG violates Ghose and Muegge rules.A“BOILEDegg evaluation”,predicts that K8A has higher gastrointestinal absorption(HIA)than 2-DG and is not effluxed by P-glycoprotein(P-gp).Additionally,K8A does not penetrate the blood brain barrier(BBB)and is not a substrate of most Cytochrome P450(CYP)***,K8A did not show false positive alert from PAINS screening enabling us to narrow down and rule out false ***,K8A is more potent than 2-DG in H1299 and A549 lung cancer cells.

关键词： Anticancer agent N-glycoside 2-deoxy-D-glucose pharmacokinetics lung cancer

Effects of biscuit-type feeding supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of HIV-affected school-age children:a randomized,double-blind,controlled intervention trial in Kenya

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第4期5卷 245-258页

作者： Kek Khee Loo Shemra Rizzo Qiaolin Chen Robert E.Weiss Catherine A.Sugar Grace Ettyang Judith Ernst Goleen Samari Charlotte G.Neumann Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Department of Pediatrics1526 Edgemont Street5th FloorLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Statistics University of CaliforniaRiverside1438 Olmsted Hall900 University AvenueRiversideCAUSA Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation One Health Plaza337/A03.3CEast HanoverNJUSA Department of Biostatistics UCLA Fielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA School of Public Health Moi UniversityP.O.Box 4606EldoretKenya Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Indiana University School of Health and RehabilitationColeman HallCF 2241140 W.Michigan StreetIndianapolisINUSA Population Research Center University of Texas at Austin305 E.23rd StreetStop G1800AustinTXUSA Department of Community Health Sciences UCLA Fielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCAUSA

Objective:To determine if meat or soy protein dietary supplementation will enhance the neuro-cognitive performance of HIV-affected children at-risk of malnutrition and food ***:A randomized,double-blind,controlled intervention trial evaluated the effect of nu-tritional supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of 49 HIV-affected school-age children in western *** intervention consisted in providing the mother,target child,and siblings with one of three isocaloric biscuit-type supplements-soy,wheat,or beef-on 5 days per week for 18 *** outcomes of the target children were assessed by a battery of eight measures and followed up longitudinally for up to 24 ***:Mixed effects modeling demonstrated significant differences in the rates of increase over time among all three groups(F test degrees of freedom of 2,P<0.05)for Raven’s progressive matrices performance,but not for verbal meaning,arithmetic,digit span backward,forward,and total,embedded figure test,and Beery visual-motor integration ***:HIV-affected school-age children provided with soy protein supplementation showed greater improvement in nonverbal cognitive(fluid intelligence)performance compared with peers who received isocaloric beef or wheat *** nutrients may have an enhancing effect on neurocognitive skills in HIV-affected school-age children.

关键词： Neurocognition neurodevelopment malnutrition HIV nutrition Africa animal source foods meat soy proteins

Evaluation of the Completeness in the Filling of Laboratory Request Forms Submitted to the Haematology Laboratory at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya

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Impact of community strategy package on uptake of reproductive tract infections health services among young street females in the municipality of eldoret,Kenya

Health（健康） 2019年第7期

作者： Japheth C. Kipkulei Teresa C. Lotodo Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi university eldoret

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 60-64页

作者： C Violet Maritim Anthony Wanyoro John Maingi Jackim Nyamari Murima Ng'ang'a Department of Population and Reproductive Health Faculty of Public HealthKenyatta UniversityNairobiP.O Box 184-40110SonghorKenya Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health SciencesKenyatta UniversityNairobiKenya Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry Faculty of Applied SciencesKenyatta UniversityNairobiKenya Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty of Public HealthKenyatta UniversityNairobiKenya Department of Infectious Diseases Ministry of HealthKenya

Background:Despite the intervention of free medical care services for street children by a dedicated clinic in eldoret municipality,health care service of young street females(YSFs)is still *** present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the community strategy package on the uptake of reproductive tract infections(RTI)health services among the target *** and methods:A pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental with a qualitative and quantitative approach was applied among the YSFs aged 10-24 *** study used structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from the ***:The study enrolled a total of 77 young street females in eldoret municipality.A significantly higher proportion of respondents reportedly first sought treatment for RTI at a health facility after the implementation of the community strategy package(97.1%)when compared to the proportion of respondents who first sought treatment at a health facility in the pre-intervention phase(51.0%)(p<0.001).Early seeking of treatment improved significantly after the introduction of the intervention;72.0%and 94.1%of the respondents sought treatment early during the pre-intervention and post-intervention phase,respectively(p<0.011).Conclusion:The study recommends the adoption of the community strategy as an intervention to increase the uptake of RTIs health services and promotion of the reproductive health of young street females.

关键词： Reproductive tract infections Young street females(YSFs) Reproductive health services Community strategy package

Evaluation of the immunochromatographic strip test for the rapid diagnosis of antenatal syphilis in women in eldoret,Kenya

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Journal of Nanjing Medical university 2009年第5期23卷 317-321页

作者： Lydia B. Nyamwamu Michael M. Gicheru Rekha R. Sharma lbert Kimutai Willy K.Tonui Peter Kamau Ngure Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University P.O.BOX 43844 NairobiKenya Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University P.O.BOX 43844 NairobiKeny Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute P.O.Box 54844-00200NairobiKenya Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute P.O.Box 54844-00200NairobiKeny Science Department Daystar UniversityP.O.Box 44400-00100NairobiKenya

Objective： This study compared the performance of the immunochromatographic strip （ICS） to the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory （VDRL） test and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay （TPHA） at a primary health care setting. Methods： The study group was comprised of 150 females randomly drawn from a population of pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit or follow-up visits at West Maternity Hospital in eldoret Kenya, but without a previous syphilis test during that pregnancy. On-site VDRL, ICS and TPHA tests were performed and immediate treatment provided where appropriate. The performance of the three tests was compared, Results： The sero-prevalence of syphilis as determined by the VDRL test was 3%. There was no significant difference between the ICS and the VDRL test （P 〉 0.05）. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICS test were 80% and 98.6% respectively, while the negative predictive value （NPV） and positive predictive value （PPV） were both 100%. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity of the VDRL test were 66.7% and 99.3%, while the NPV and PPV were 80% and 98.6% respectively. The Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay was used as a reference test and had sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of 100%. Conclusion： The diagnostic accuracy of the ICS compared favorably with theVDRL gold standard. The use of the ICS in Kenya can improve the diagnosis of syphilis in health facilities both with and without laboratories and allow community health care workers to make a rapid diagnosis of the disease, and consequently make immediate therapeutic decisions.

关键词： Syphilis Immunochromatographic strip test Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Treponema Pa//idum haemagglutinationAssay Specificity Sensitivity Positive Predictive Value Negative Predictive Value antenatal syphilis