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A Local Macroscopic Conservative(LoMaC)Low Rank Tensor Method with the Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Vlasov Dynamics

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 550-575页

作者： Wei Guo Jannatul Ferdous Ema Jing-Mei Qiu Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX70409USA Department of Mathematical Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA

In this paper,we propose a novel Local Macroscopic Conservative(LoMaC)low rank tensor method with discontinuous Galerkin(DG)discretization for the physical and phase spaces for simulating the Vlasov-Poisson(VP)system.The LoMaC property refers to the exact local conservation of macroscopic mass,momentum,and energy at the discrete level.The recently developed LoMaC low rank tensor algorithm(arXiv:2207.00518)simultaneously evolves the macroscopic conservation laws of mass,momentum,and energy using the kinetic flux vector splitting;then the LoMaC property is realized by projecting the low rank kinetic solution onto a subspace that shares the same macroscopic observables.This paper is a generalization of our previous work,but with DG discretization to take advantage of its compactness and flexibility in handling boundary conditions and its superior accuracy in the long term.The algorithm is developed in a similar fashion as that for a finite difference scheme,by observing that the DG method can be viewed equivalently in a nodal fashion.With the nodal DG method,assuming a tensorized computational grid,one will be able to(i)derive differentiation matrices for different nodal points based on a DG upwind discretization of transport terms,and(ii)define a weighted inner product space based on the nodal DG grid points.The algorithm can be extended to the high dimensional problems by hierarchical Tucker(HT)decomposition of solution tensors and a corresponding conservative projection algorithm.In a similar spirit,the algorithm can be extended to DG methods on nodal points of an unstructured mesh,or to other types of discretization,e.g.,the spectral method in velocity direction.Extensive numerical results are performed to showcase the efficacy of the method.

关键词： Hierarchical Tucker(HT)decomposition Conservative SVD Energy conservation Discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method

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VPI:Vehicle Programming Interface for Vehicle Computing

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第1期39卷 22-44页

作者：吴宝福仲任王昱心万健张纪林施巍松 School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of Computer Science Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202U.S.A Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716U.S.A

The emergence of software-defined vehicles(SDVs),combined with autonomous driving technologies,has en-abled a new era of vehicle computing(VC),where vehicles serve as a mobile computing platform.However,the interdisci-plinary complexities of automotive systems and diverse technological requirements make developing applications for au-tonomous vehicles challenging.To simplify the development of applications running on SDVs,we propose a comprehen-sive suite of vehicle programming interfaces(VPIs).In this study,we rigorously explore the nuanced requirements for ap-plication development within the realm of VC,centering our analysis on the architectural intricacies of the Open Vehicu-lar Data Analytics Platform(OpenVDAP).We then detail our creation of a comprehensive suite of standardized VPIs,spanning five critical categories:Hardware,Data,Computation,Service,and Management,to address these evolving pro-gramming requirements.To validate the design of VPIs,we conduct experiments using the indoor autonomous vehicle,Ze-bra,and develop the OpenVDAP prototype system.By comparing it with the industry-influential AUTOSAR interface,our VPIs demonstrate significant enhancements in programming efficiency,marking an important advancement in the field of SDV application development.We also show a case study and evaluate its performance.Our work highlights that VPIs significantly enhance the efficiency of developing applications on VC.They meet both current and future technologi-cal demands and propel the software-defined automotive industry toward a more interconnected and intelligent future.

关键词： software-defined vehicle(SDV) vehicle computing(VC) vehicle programming interface(VPI) au-tonomous system

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Physiological phenotypes differ among color morphs in introduced common wall lizards(Podarcis muralis)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali AMER Sierra SPEARS Princeton L.VAUGHN Cece COLWELL Ethan H.LIVINGSTON Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SCHILL Dustin G.REICHARD Eric J.GANGLOFF Kinsey M.BROCK Department of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit color polymorphisms which have distinct physiological and behavioral characteristics.However,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecological contexts remains unclear.This trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban adaptation.Specifically,physiological traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population establishment.We investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis muralis,a versatile color polymorphic species that thrives in urban environments(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiological traits(plasma corticosterone and triglycerides,hematocrit,body condition,and field body temperature),which compose an integrated multivariate phenotype.We then tested variation among co-occurring color morphs in the context of establishment in an urban environment.We found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yellow morphs exhibited clearly different multivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized primarily by differences in plasma corticosterone.This suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban adaptation.The white-yellow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance strategy.Orange morphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this morph in our study populations precludes clear interpretation.Our work provides insight into how differences among stable polymorphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establishment within novel environments.

关键词： color polymorphism physiological status seasonal variation thermoregulation urban habitat

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Childhood sleep:assessments,risk factors,and potential mechanisms

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 105-121页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji Elizabeth Rovit Susannah Pitt Terri Lipman School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 426Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA School of Nursing College of Health SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA

Background Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the world.In this review,we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in children.Potential biological,psychosocial,and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also discussed.Data sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych Info.Both relevant data based and systematic reviews are included.Results This paper summarizes many risk factors for childhood sleep problems,including biological(e.g.,genetics,gender,age and puberty,prenatal factors,postnatal factors);nutritional(e.g.,macronutrients,micronutrients,omega-3 fatty acids,obesity);environmental(e.g.,heavy metals,noise,light,air pollution);interpersonal(e.g.,family,exposure to violence,screen media use,physical injury);and community/socioeconomic variables(e.g.,racial/ethnicity and cultural factors,neighborhood conditions and socioeconomic status,school factors,public health disasters/emergencies),to better understand the development of sleep problems in children.Conclusions Poor childhood sleep is a multifactorial issue affected by a wide range of prenatal and early-life biological,environmental,and psychosocial risk factors and contributors.A better understanding of these risk factors and their mechanisms is an important first step to develop future research and prevention programs focusing on pediatric sleep problems.

关键词： Child sleep Pediatrics Risk factor Mechanisms

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A Procedure for Trisecting an Acute Angle (Method 2)

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第4期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lyndon O. Barton Department of Math and Physics Delaware State University Dover USA

This paper presents an alternate graphical procedure (Method 2), to that presented in earlier publications entitled, “A Procedure for Trisecting an Acute Angle” and “A Key to Solving the Angle Trisection Problem”. The procedure, when applied to the 30˚ and 60˚ angles that have been “proven” to be nottrisectable and the 45˚ benchmark angle that is known to be trisectable, in each case produced a construction having an identical angular relationship with Archimedes’ Construction, as in Section 2 on THEORY of this paper, where the required trisection angle was found to be one-third of its respective angle (i.e. DE’MA = 1/3 DE’CG). For example, the trisection angle for the 30˚, 45˚ and 60˚ angles were 10.00000˚, 15.00000˚, and 20.00000˚, respectively, and Section 5 on PROOF in this paper. Therefore, based on this identical angular relationship and the numerical results (i.e. to five decimal places), which represent the highest degree of accuracy and precision attainable by The Geometer’s Sketch Pad software, one can only conclude that not only the geometric requirements for arriving at an exact trisection of the 30˚ and 60˚ angle (which have been “proven” to be not-trisectable) have been met, but also, the construction is valid for any arbitrary acute angle, despite theoretical proofs to the contrary by Wantzel, Dudley, and others.

关键词： Archimedes’ Construction College Geometry College Mathematics Angle Trisection Famous Problems in Mathematics Mechanism Analysis Geometer’s Sketch Pad

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On the superconvergence of a WG method for the elliptic problem with variable coefficients

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第8期 1899-1910页

作者： Junping Wang Xiaoshen Wang Xiu Ye Shangyou Zhang Peng Zhu Division of Mathematical Sciences National Science Foundation Department of Mathematics University of Arkansas at Little Rock Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Delaware College of Data Science Jiaxing University

This article extends a recently developed superconvergence result for weak Galerkin（WG） approximations for modeling partial differential equations from constant coefficients to variable coefficients.This superconvergence features a rate that is two orders higher than the optimal-order error estimates in the usual energy and L2norms. The extension from constant to variable coefficients for the modeling equations is highly non-trivial. The underlying technical analysis is based on a sequence of projections and decompositions. Numerical results confirm the superconvergence theory for second-order elliptic problems with variable coefficients.

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The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Roadway Design and Evacuation Routes in delaware

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第1期13卷 69-82页

作者： Jack Palevich Ardeshir Faghri Ahmet Karakurt Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE USA

As the global temperature continues to increase, the sea level continues to rise at a rapid rate that has never been seen before. This becomes an issue for many facets of life but one of the most impacted is the transportation infrastructure. Many people living in low elevation coastal areas can become trapped by flooding with no way in or out. With delaware being a coastal state, this would affect a large portion of the population and will have detrimental effects over time if nothing is done to combat sea level rise. The issue with sea level rise in transportation is that once the roads become flooded, they become virtually unusable and detour routes would be needed. If all the roads in a coastal area were to be affected by sea level rise, the options for detours would become limited. This article looks at direct solutions to combat sea level rise and indirect solutions that would specifically help transportation infrastructure and evacuation routes in delaware. There is not one solution that can fix every problem, so many solutions are laid out to see what is applicable to each affected area. Some solutions include defense structures that would be put close to the coast, raising the elevation of vulnerable roads throughout the state and including pumping stations to drain the water on the surface of the road. With an understanding of all these solutions around the world, the ultimate conclusion came in the form of a six-step plan that delaware should take in order to best design against sea level rise in these coastal areas.

关键词： Sea Level Rise Roadway Design Evacuation Routes

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Childhood sleep:physical,cognitive,and behavioral consequences and implications

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 122-132页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji Susannah Pitt Guanghai Wang Elizabeth Rovit Terri Lipman Fan Jiang School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 424Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA College of Health Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute Department of Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Sleep problems in children have been increasingly recognized as a major public health issue.Previous research has extensively studied and presented many risk factors and potential mechanisms for children’s sleep problems.In this paper,we aimed to identify and summarize the consequences and implications of child sleep problems.Data sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed,SCOPUS,and Psych Info published in the past two decades.Both relevant data-based articles and systematic reviews are included.Results Many adverse consequences are associated with child sleep deficiency and other sleep problems,including physical outcomes(e.g.,obesity),neurocognitive outcomes(e.g.,memory and attention,intelligence,academic performance),and emotional and behavioral outcomes(e.g.,internalizing/externalizing behaviors,behavioral disorders).Current prevention and intervention approaches to address childhood sleep problems include nutrition,exercise,cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia,aromatherapy,acupressure,and mindfulness.These interventions may be particularly important in the context of coronavirus disease 2019.Specific research and policy strategies can target the risk factors of child sleep as well as the efficacy and accessibility of treatments.Conclusions Given the increasing prevalence of child sleep problems,which have been shown to affect children’s physical and neurobehavioral wellbeing,understanding the multi-aspect consequences and intervention programs for childhood sleep is important to inform future research direction as well as a public health practice for sleep screening and intervention,thus improving sleep-related child development and health.

关键词： Behavior Child sleep Consequences Implications Neurocognitive Physical Prevention/intervention

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Understanding turbo codes: A signal processing study

Journal of Information and Intelligence

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Journal of Information and Intelligence 2024年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Xiang-Gen Xia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DelawareDE 19716USA

In this paper,we study turbo codes from the digital signal processing point of view by defining turbo codes over the complex field.It is known that iterative decoding and interleaving between concatenated parallel codes are two key elements that make turbo codes perform significantly better than the conventional error control codes.This is analytically illustrated in this paper.We show that the decoded noise mean power in the iterative decoding decreases when the number of iterations increases,as long as the interleaving decorrelates the noise after each iterative decoding step.An analytic decreasing rate and the limit of the decoded noise mean power are given.The limit of the decoded noise mean power of the iterative decoding of a turbo code with two parallel codes with their rates less than 1/2 is one third of the noise power before the decoding,which can not be achieved by any non-turbo codes with the same rate.From this study,the role of designing a good interleaver can also be clearly seen.

关键词： Turbo codes Iterative decoding Modulated codes Interleaver design

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Unveiling the secrets of diatom-mediated calcification: Implications for the biological pump

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Yiwen PAN Yifan LI Chen-Tung Arthur CHEN Zong-Pei JIANG Wei-Jun CAI Yunwen SHEN Zesheng DING Qixian CHEN Yanan DI Wei FAN Chenba ZHU Ying CHEN Ocean College Zhejiang University Hainan Institute of Zhejiang university Department of Oceanography Sun Yat-Sen University School of Marine Science and Policy University of Delaware Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center Xiamen University

Siliceous diatoms are one of the most prominent actors in the oceans, and they account for approximately 40%of the primary production and particulate organic carbon export flux. It is believed that changes in carbon flux caused by variations in diatom distribution can lead to significant climate shifts. Although the fundamental pathways of diatom-driven carbon sequestration have long been established, there are no reports of CaCO3precipitation induced by marine diatom species. This manuscript introduces novel details regarding the enhancement of aragonite precipitation during photosynthesis in Skeletonema costatum in both artificial and natural seawater. Through direct measurements of cell surfaces via a pH microelectrode and zeta potential analyzer, it was determined that the diatom-mediated promotion of CaCO3precipitation is achieved through the creation of specific microenvironments with concentrated [CO32–] and [Ca2+] and/or the dehydrating effect of adsorbed Ca2+.Based on this mechanism, it is highly plausible that diatom-mediated calcification could occur in the oceans, an assertion that was supported by the significant deviation of total alkalinity (TA) from the conservative TA-salinity mixing line during a Skeletonema costatum bloom in the East China Sea and other similar occurrences. The newly discovered calcification pathway establishes a link between particulate inorganic and organic carbon flux and thus helps in the reassessment of marine carbon export fluxes and CO2sequestration efficiency. This discovery may have important ramifications for assessing marine carbon cycling and predicting the potential effects of future ocean acidification.

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