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Self-collimation in photonic crystals with anisotropic constituents

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Chinese Optics Letters 2007年第9期5卷 527-530页

作者： J.W.Haus M.Siraj P.Prasad P.Markowicz Electro-Optics program University of DaytonDaytonOH 45469-0245 State university of New York at buffalo Institute for LasersPhotonics and BiophotonicsBuffaloNY 14260-3000

In a photonic crystal composed of anisotropic constituents we quantify the range of input angles and the degree of collimation of the beam inside the crystal. The optical properties of a photobleached 4- dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate （DAST） crystal are used in our model to demonstrate the efficacy of the self-collimation features.

关键词： Self-collimation in photonic crystals with anisotropic constituents

Recent advances in artificial intelligence generated content

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 1-5页

作者： Junping ZHANG Lingyun SUN Cong JIN Junbin GAO Xiaobing LI Jiebo LUO Zhigeng PAN Ying TANG Jingdong WANG School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China International Design Institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Information and Communication Engineering Communication University of ChinaBeijing 100024China The university of Sydney Business School The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Department of AI Music and Music Information Technology Central Conservatory of MusicBeijing 100032China Department of Computer Science University of RochesterNY 14627USA School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Rowan UniversityGlassboroNJ 08028USA Baidu Beijing 100085China

Artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)has been a research hotspot in the field of artificial intelligence in recent *** is expected to replace humans in performing some of the work of content generation at a low cost and a high volume,such as music,painting,multimodal content generation,news articles,summary reports,stock commentary summaries,and even content and digital people generated in the *** provides a new technical path for the development and implementation of AI in the future.

关键词： artificial replace content

The foodborne toxin perfringolysin O targets mitochondrial destabilization for NLRP3 inflammasome activation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Xinyi Wang Ying Ren Bo Wang Beizhong Han Yansong Xue Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety， College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering， China Agricultural university State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding， Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science， College of Animal Science and Technology， China Agricultural university Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry)， College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering， China Agricultural university

Foodborne pathogens are the leading causes of human diseases that result in hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Clostridium perfringens （C. perfringens） is a notorious foodborne pathogen of global significance that is known to produce a large repertoire of toxic factors， several of which can severely destroy the gut lining to lead to abdominal pain， diarrhea， and even death. However， like many other foodborne pathogens， there is no specific treatment for infections caused by C. perfringens and rehydration therapy is largely ineffective at reducing symptoms and preventing transmission. Given this， there is an urgent need to discover new therapeutic targets that can be harnessed to treat C. perfringens infection. We recently discovered that a highly toxic factor produced by C. perfringens named perfringolysin O （PFO） activates the innate immune sensor NLRP3. We characterized that PFO is the specific agonist of NLRP3 inflammasome and mechanistically， the intracellular entrance of PFO is required for active assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. Further， PFO targets the mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial destabilization and ROS release. Mito-TEMPO scavenging mtROS specifically inhibits the level of caspase-1 p20 and IL-1β in both in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally， 5-hydroxydecanoate （5-HD）， a selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) inhibitor， could relieve PFO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as mitochondrial destabilization， indicating that potassium ion flux is necessary for mitochondrial damage upstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We expect that the information gathered from this study will develop insights into features of the immune response that can be targeted for the treatment of food poisoning and other foodborne pathogenic infections.

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A test of two mechanisms proposed to optimize grassland aboveground primary productivity in response to grazing

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 357-365页

作者： A.K.Knapp D.L.Hoover J.M.Blair G.Buis D.E.Burkepile A.Chamberlain S.L.Collins R.W.S.Fynn K.P.Kirkman M.D.Smith D.Blake N.Govender P.O'Neal T.Schreck A.Zinn Graduate degree program in Ecology and Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80526USA Division of Biology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Biological Sciences Florida International UniversityNorth MiamiFL 33181USA Department of Biology MSC03-2020University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaPrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana School of Biological and Conservation Science University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Scientific Services Kruger National ParkPrivate Bag X402Skukuza1350South Africa Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Aims Mesic grasslands have a long evolutionary history of grazing by large herbivores and as a consequence,grassland species have numerous adaptations allowing them to respond favourably to *** empirical evidence has been equivocal,theory predicts that such adaptations combined with alterations in resources can lead to grazing-induced overcompensation in aboveground net primary production(ANPP;grazed ANPP>ungrazed ANPP)under certain *** tested two specific predictions from ***,overcompensation is more likely to occur in annually burned grasslands because limiting nutrients that would be lost with frequent fires are recycled through grazers and stimulate ***,overcompensation of biomass lost to grazers is more likely to occur in unburned sites where grazing has the greatest effect on increasing light availability through alterations in canopy *** We tested these nutrient versus light-based predictions in grazed grasslands that had been annually burned or protected from fire for>20 *** assessed responses in ANPP to grazing by large ungulates using both permanent and moveable grazing exclosures(252 exclosures from which biomass was harvested from 3192 quadrats)in a 2-year *** sites were located at the Konza Prairie Biological Station(KPBS)in North America and at Kruger National Park(KNP)in South *** KPBS,sites were grazed by North American bison whereas in KNP sites were grazed either by a diverse suite of herbivores(*** wildebeest,Burchell’s zebra,African buffalo)or by a single large ungulate(African buffalo).Important Findings We found no evidence for overcompensation in either burned or unburned sites,regardless of grazer ***,there was no support for either mechanism leading to ***,complete compensation of total biomass lost to grazers was the most common response characterizing grazing–ANPP relationships with,in some cases,undercompensation of grass ANPP being of

关键词： aboveground net primary production fire forbs herbivores savanna

Analysis on the Growth Condition of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第3期13卷 69-74页

作者： Jun CUI Renhao FANG College of Life and Environment Sciences Huangshan UniversityHuangshan 245041China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide good basic research data for Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in southern Anhui,so as to improve local ecological,economic and social benefits.[Methods]A 22-year-old near-mature *** plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm,Xiuning County,Huangshan City,Anhui Province was investigated and analyzed by sample plot survey.[Results]The average DBH value of the *** plantation at the lower slope was the largest,24.7%and 19.2%higher than those at the upper and middle slopes,*** average single plant wood volume at the lower slope was 47.6%and 49.1%higher than those in the upper and middle slopes,***,the average tree heights at various slope positions showed little ***,all the indexes showed the phenomenon of semi-shady slope>sunny slope>shady slope under different slope *** them,the effect of slope position on DBH was extremely significant,but the effect of slope direction on DBH was not significant,and slope position,slope direction and the interaction of slope direction and slope position had no significant effects on the tree height of the *** *** addition,slope direction and slope position had extremely significant effects on single plant wood *** the overall growth situation of the *** plantation in Lingnan Forest Farm,the slope position factor had greater effects on various indexes of forest growth than the slope direction factor,mainly manifested in that the lower slope was better than the middle slope,and the middle slope position was better than the upper slope,while although slope direction had some effect on the growth of the *** plantation,the influence degree was not as significant as that of slope position.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference for the adjustment and optimization,development and renewal of *** plantation structure in the later period in this area,as well as some

关键词： Diameter at breast height Tree height Single plant wood volume Slope direction Slope position

Functions and Applications of Intestinal Symbiotic Microorganisms in Insects

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第8期16卷 23-28页

作者： Cong CHEN Junyu LIN Zhaoyan LIN Qianrou LI Jingyi HUANG Qijing WU Qianhua JI Institute of Pomology/College of Life Sciences Zhaoqing UniversityZhaoqing 526061China

Insects represent a diverse group of organisms on earth that carry a vast array of symbiotic microorganisms in their *** microorganisms have established a complex and intimate symbiotic relationship with their host insects over an extended period of evolutionary *** population structure of intestinal symbiotic microorganisms in insects exhibits a high degree of diversity,with notable differences among insect ***,within the same insect species,the population structure of symbiotic microorganisms in specific intestinal sites demonstrates a certain degree of stability and *** symbiotic microorganisms perform various physiological functions in the host *** biological functions encompass nutrient and material metabolism and immune and protective mechanisms,which have significant effects on host insect longevity,development,and reproductive *** microorganisms have diverse applications,including pest control,bioenergy production,the development of insect resources,*** advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed a growing diversity and biological properties of these *** application of these techniques has significantly contributed to the advancement of research in the field of insect intestinal microbial research,providing researchers with powerful tools for a deeper understanding and utilization of these symbiotic *** study reviewed the research progress of insect intestinal microorganisms in three aspects:diversity,biological functions,and *** objective was to provide useful references and insights for further research and applications of insect intestinal microorganisms.

关键词： Symbiotic microorganisms Intestinal flora Population structure Diversity High-throughput sequencing

Tunable interlayer excitons and switchable interlayer trions via dynamic near-field cavity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 425-434页

作者： Yeonjeong Koo Hyeongwoo Lee Tatiana Ivanova Ali Kefayati Vasili Perebeinos Ekaterina Khestanova Vasily Kravtsov Kyoung-Duck Park Department of Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea School of Physics and Engineering ITMO UniversitySaint Petersburg197101Russia Department of Electrical Engineering University at BuffaloNew YorkNY14260USA

Emerging photo-induced excitonic processes in transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)heterobilayers,e.g.,interplay of intra-and inter-layer excitons and conversion of excitons to trions,allow new opportunities for ultrathin hybrid photonic ***,with the associated large degree of spatial heterogeneity,understanding and controlling their complex competing interactions in TMD heterobilayers at the nanoscale remains a ***,we present an all-round dynamic control of interlayer-excitons and-trions in a WSe_(2)/Mo_(0.5 )W_(0.5) Se_(2) heterobilayer using multifunctional tip-enhanced photoluminescence(TEPL)spectroscopy with<20 nm spatial ***,we demonstrate the bandgap tunable interlayer excitons and the dynamic interconversion between interlayer-trions and-excitons,through the combinational tip-induced engineering of GPa-scale pressure and plasmonic hot electron injection,with simultaneous spectroscopic TEPL *** unique nano-opto-electro-mechanical control approach provides new strategies for developing versatile nano-excitonic/trionic devices using TMD heterobilayers.

关键词： interlayer dynamic tunable

The effects of the unsaturated degree of long-chain fatty acids on the rumen microbial protein content and the activities of transaminases and dehydrogenase in vitro

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第2期15卷 424-431页

作者： GAO Jian JING Yu-jia WANG Meng-zhi SHI Liang-feng LIU Shi-min College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia

This study investigated the effects of the degree of unsaturation（unsaturity） of long-chain fatty acids on microbial protein content and the activities of transaminases and dehydrogenase in vitro using goat rumen fluid as the cultural *** types of fatty acids,stearic acid（C18：0,group A,control group）,oleic acid（C18：1,n-9,group B）,linoleic acid（C18：2,n-6,group C）,α-linolenic acid（C18：3,n-3,group D）,arachidonic acid（C20：4,n-6,group E）,and eicosapentaenoic acid（C20：5,n-3,group F）,were tested,and the inclusion ratio of each fatty acid was 3%（w/w） in total of culture *** were taken at 0,3,6,9,12,18 and 24 h,respectively,during culture for *** with stearic acid,linoleic acid,a-linolenic acid,and arachidonic acid increased the bacterial protein content,while oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid had no significant effects;the protozoal protein content was reduced for all the unsaturated fatty acids,and the magnitude of the reduction appeared to be associated with the degree of unsaturity of fatty *** total microbial protein content was dominantly accounted by the protozoal protein content（about 4-9 folds of the bacterial protein）,and only increased by linoleic acid,but reduced by oleic acid,arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic *** were no significant effects in the activities of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase（GOT） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase（GPT） for all the other fatty acids,except for arachidonic acid which enhanced GOT activity and oleic acid which enhanced GPT *** total dehydrogenase activity was positively correlated with the degree of unsaturation of fatty *** conclusion,the inclusion of 3%of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids increased bacterial protein content,whereas reduced protozoal protein content and enhanced dehydrogenase *** fatty acids with more than three double bonds had detrimental effects on the microbial protein *** work demonstrates for the first time the eff

关键词： long-chain fatty acid rumen microbes goats protein concentration

Predictive model-aided filtering scheme of data-collection in WSN

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2011年第2期18卷 17-24页

作者： HUANG RU ZHANG Zai-chen XU Guang-hui School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China State Key Laboratory of Mobile Communications Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Institute of Communications Engineering PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210007 China

The paper proposes a prediction-mode-based filtering mechanism（PMF） to solve the problems of transmission energy wasting caused by time-redundant data in wireless sensor networks（WSN）,according to the characteristic of spatio-temporal correlations on sampling series in *** works have suggested several approaches to decrease energy cost during data transmission process via data aggregation tree *** from those methods in above researches,our proposed scheme mainly focus on reducing the temporal redundant degree in event-source to achieve energy-saving effect via self-adaptive filtering *** framework of PMF for energy-efficient collection is composed of prediction module for mining the change law of time domain,self-learning module for updating model,and driving module for controlling data filtering *** with the design of error driving rule and threshold distributing rule,which is the middleware in the above filtering mechanism,the quantity of transmission load in networks can be greatly inhibited on the premise of quality of service（QoS） assurance and energy consumption can be reduced ***,the experimental results show that the performance of PMF can significantly outperform some classical data-collection algorithms on energy-saving effect and self-adaptability.

关键词： WSN data-collection filtering mechanism energy-saving