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Carbon felt electrode coated with WS2 enables a high-performance polysulfide/ferricyanide flow battery

Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5039-5047页

作者： Liang-Yu Li Su Yan Ying-Jia Huang Fang-Fang Zhong Jin-Chao Cao Mei Ding Chuan-Kun Jia College of Materials Science and engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology institute of Energy Storage technology College of Energy and Power EngineeringChangsha University of Science and Technology Binzhou institute of technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park

Polysulfide/ferricyanide flow batteries （S/Fe RFBs）,with the advantages of abundant earth reservation low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness,have attracted significant interest and demonstrated noteworthy potential for practical ***,the battery performance,including the energy efficiency （EE）,voltage efficiency （VE）,and power density of the S/Fe RFBs remains low owing to the slow redox kinetics of polysulfide *** address these concerns,WS2was selected as the booster and deposited on a commercial carbon felt electrode （WS2–CF） to stimulate the redox reactions of polysulfide *** better hydrophilicity and smaller charge-transfer resistance,WS2–CF exhibits enhanced electrochemical activity toward polysulfide redox ***,the battery performance of S/Fe RFB with WS2–CF as the anode has been improved,with EE of 84%,VE of 84%,and a peak power density of 175.7 mW·cm-2,which are all higher than the cell only with the bare carbon felt （CF） as electrodes (76%,77% and 155.8 mW·cm-2,respectively).Furthermore,the cycling life of the S/Fe RFB with WS2–CF has been prolonged to 2200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96% a 40 mA·cm-2because of the good stability of WS2–CF as the ***,under the same conditions,the S/Fe RFB without WS2–CF terminated after 1500 cycles with a fast capacity *** successful utilization of WS2as a booster on an electrode provides an efficient strategy for obtaining advanced S/Fe RFBs for practical applications.

关键词： Carbon felt Energy storage Polysulfide/ferricyanide flow battery Tungsten disulfide

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Fault-tolerant flocking control against multiple malicious agents under geometric configuration containment

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 261-282页

作者： Chencheng ZHANG Hao YANG Bin JIANG College of Automation engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics institute of engineering and technology (ENTEG) University of Groningen

Flocking control in the presence of malicious decisions is a crucial research topic since agents in swarms are likely to suffer from security issues in practice. This paper considers a swarm containing malicious agents that deliberately alter their controller parameters and disrupt the swarm by causing collisions,divisions, and escapes. Two possible malicious scenarios are considered. The first is that one malicious agent acts selectively on a subset of its neighbors and the second is that multiple malicious agents are either scattered or clustered together. To achieve the flocking control objective:(1) containment conditions based on specific geometric configurations are established;(2) hierarchical fault-tolerant flocking control methods based on those containment conditions are proposed. Compared to existing research dealing with malicious agents in swarms, our approach aims to contain rather than remove them. This guarantees the completeness of the task and takes agents' motions into consideration. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： flocking control fault-tolerant control multiple malicious agents geometric configuration

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Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition: toward practical applications

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 231-263页

作者： Kyung Rok Pyun Kangkyu Kwon Myung Jin Yoo Kyun Kyu Kim Dohyeon Gong Woon-Hong Yeo Seungyong Han Seung Hwan Ko Department of Mechanical engineering Seoul National University IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and engineering Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Chemical engineering Stanford University Department of Mechanical engineering Ajou University George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering Georgia Institute of Technology institute of Advanced Machinery and Design(SNU-IAMD) Seoul National University

Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives. However, the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology. Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets, thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications. Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures, advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets. Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive, and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition, providing real-time feedback to users. This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics, contributing to a robust human–machine interface. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials, structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.

关键词： wearable sensor soft electronics artificial intelligence machine learning human–machine interfaces gesture recognition

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Molecular insights into oil detachment from hydrophobic quartz surfaces in clay-hosted nanopores during steam-surfactant co-injection

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2457-2468页

作者： Ben-Jie-Ming Liu Xuan-Tong Lei Mohammadali Ahmadi Zhangxin Chen Department of Chemical and Petroleum engineering University of Calgary Eastern institute of technology

Thermal recovery techniques for producing oil sands have substantial environmental impacts. Surfactants can efficiently improve thermal bitumen recovery and reduce the required amount of steam. Such a technique requires solid knowledge about the interaction mechanism between surfactants, bitumen,water, and rock at the nanoscale level. In particular, oil sands ores have extremely complex mineralogy as they contain many clay minerals(montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite). In this study, molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the unclear mechanisms of clay minerals contributing to the bitumen recovery under a steam-anionic surfactant co-injection process. We found that the clay content significantly influenced an oil detachment process from hydrophobic quartz surfaces. Results reveal that the presence of montmorillonite, illite, and the siloxane surface of kaolinite in nanopores can enhance the oil detachment process from the hydrophobic surfaces because surfactant molecules have a stronger tendency to interact with bitumen and quartz. Conversely, the gibbsite surfaces of kaolinite curb the oil detachment process. Through interaction energy analysis, the siloxane surfaces of kaolinite result in the most straightforward oil detachment process. In addition, we found that the clay type presented in nanopores affected the wettability of the quartz surfaces. The quartz surfaces associated with the gibbsite surfaces of kaolinite show the strongest hydrophilicity. By comparing previous experimental findings with the results of molecular dynamics(MD) simulations, we observed consistent wetting characteristics. This alignment serves to validate the reliability of the simulation outcomes. The outcome of this paper makes up for the lack of knowledge of a surfactant-assisted bitumen recovery process and provides insights for further in-situ bitumen production engineering designs.

关键词： Clay minerals Bitumen Contact angle Interaction energy Surfactant Molecular dynamics

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Multifunctional applications of gadolinium-doped cerium oxide(Ce1-xGdxO2-?) ceramics:A review

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1817-1834页

作者： Subhadip Das Rakesh Bhaskar Kannan Badri Narayanan Department of Ceramic engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela School of Chemical engineering Yeungnam University

Cerium oxide（CeO2）,or ceria,and its doped derivatives have been extensively studied for several decades and are well-known oxides valued for their unique structural properties and wide range of *** materials play a crucial role in sustainable development within *** modification through de fect e ngineering of the highly stable cubic fluorite phase enhances the versatility of this doped ceria to a new *** the numerous dopants of the CeO2matrix,ceria doped with gadolinium（Gd）,known as Ce1-xGdxO2-?（CGO）,is gaining popularity due to its *** introduction of defect-induced vacancies in the oxygen sublattice（V_o） and a change in the average valence of cerium(Ce3+/Ce4+) are primarily responsible for the improved performance compared to pristine *** materials are currently undergoing intensive research for potential use as electrolytes in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells（IT-SOFCs） and dense oxygen-permeable membranes（OPMs）.Additionally,they are being commercially utilized for power generation and oxygen *** materials are also attracting significant attention in various fields such as optics,photocatalysis,electrostriction,spintronics,gas sensing,electrocatalysis,and biomedical *** review paper aims to compile the latest contributions to CGO materials and comprehensively cover their various application *** crystal structure,defect equilibrium in Gd3+-doped CeO2,the origin of multifunctionality,and the prospects of these materials are also exclusively discussed.

关键词： Biomedicine Gadolinium-doped CeO2 Gas sensors Photo/electrocatalysts Rare earths Spintronics

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Biomimetic microchannel network with functional endothelium formed by sacrificial electrospun fibers inside 3D gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel models

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2024年第1期25卷 79-96页

作者： Haoyu SUN Haiyang MA Li WANG Yang LIU Tian HOU Wenjie TANG Qing YU Meiwen AN Meiling WEN institute of Biomedical engineering College of Biomedical EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China

Three-dimensional(3D)hydrogel models play a crucial role in tissue engineering for promoting tissue regeneration.A biomimetic microchannel network system in the 3D hydrogel model is necessary for optimal cellular *** report describes the preparation of a biomimetic hydrogel scaffold with an internal microchannel network,using electrospinning techniques and the sacrificial template method for 3D cell *** and cavities were created within the gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel by sacrificing polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)electrospun fibers(>10µm),resulting in the creation of microvessel-like *** characterizations,swelling properties,and biodegradation analysis were conducted to investigate the feasibility of a biomimetic microchannel network hydrogel scaffold for 3D cell culture *** to pure GelMA hydrogel,the hydrogel with microchannels promoted cell proliferation,adhesion,and endothelial tube ***,the results confirmed that the biomimetic microchannel network scaffold had a major impact on the distribution and arrangement of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and can enable the formation of artificial microvasculature by the culture of HUVECs and cell media perfusion.

关键词： Biomimetic scaffold Photocrosslinking Microchannel network Tissue engineering Artificial microvascular

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Minimum mass-entransy dissipation profile for one-way isothermal diffusive mass-transfer process with mass-resistance and massleakage

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2427-2435页

作者： CHEN LinGen XIA ShaoJun institute of Thermal Science and Power engineering Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Mechanical Electrical EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Power engineering Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033China

As a new concept,mass-entransy is one of the twins in the core of entransy *** can describe mass-transfer ability for masstransfer processes(MTPes),just as thermal-entransy for describing heat-transfer ***,mass-entransy dissipation can be utilized to evaluate the loss of mass-transfer *** mass-entransy dissipation(MMED) is utilized to optimize one-way isothermal diffusive MTPes with mass-leakage and mass-transfer law(g ∝ Δ(c),where c means concentration).For a given net amount of mass-transferred key components at the low-concentration side,optimality-condition for the MMED of isothermal diffusive MTPes is obtained by using the *** of the amount of mass-transferred and mass-leakage on optimal results are analyzed,and the obtained optimization profiles are compared with those for MTP profiles of constant-concentration-difference(c_1-c_2=const) and constant-concentration-ratio(c_1/c_2=const).The product of square of key-component-concentration(KCC) difference between high-and low-concentration sides and inert component concentration at high-concentration side for the MMED of the MTP with no mass-leakage is a constant,and the optimal relationship of the KCCs between high-and low-concentration sides with mass-leakage is significantly different from the *** mass-leakage is relatively small,the MTP with c_1-c_2=const strategy is superior to that with c_1/c_2=const strategy,and the latter is superior to the former with an increase in mass-leakage.A combination of mass-entransy concept,finite-time thermodynamics,and averaged-optimization-method is a meaningful tool for optimizing MTPes.

关键词： diffusive mass-transfer-law mass-leakage one-way isothermal mass-transfer minimum mass-entransy dissipation finite-time thermodynamics averaged-optimization-method

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Dynamic recrystallization mechanism, texture evolution development and mechanical characteristics of a Mg–8.7Gd–4.18Y–0.42Zr magnesium alloy by ECAP

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第2期34卷 376-388页

作者： Ling Zhang Yinglong Li School of Materials Science and engineering Northeastern University School of Mechanical and engineering Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology

Equal channel angle pressing is recognized for its ability to refine alloy grains and alter grain orientation, thereby achieve better mechanical performance of the magnesium alloy. This study investigates the microstructures,dynamic recrystallization mechanism, texture development, and mechanical performance of GW94K(Mg–8.7Gd–4.18Y–0.42Zr wt. %) Mg alloy following ECAP-4 passes at 400°C and 3 mm/min. Results show that when high-temperature deformation is undertaken, twin formation is suppressed while dislocation slip is facilitated, increasing dislocation density during deformation. Following ECAP deformation, the sample displayed higher fracture elongation, TYS, and UTS than the as-solutioned GW94K alloy. In particular, the GW94K alloy performed well mechanically after ECAP-4 passes, with an ultimate TYS of 231 MPa, an UTS of 290 MPa, and an elongation of 14.8 %. DDRX and shear bands induce CDRX, both of which are important in plastic deformation. as well as in modifying microstructure and grain orientation during ECAP deformation.

关键词： Dynamic recrystallization mechanism Equal channel angular pressing Magnesium alloy Mechanical performance Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy Texture development

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Tuning the crystallinity of titanium nitride on copper-embedded carbon nanofiber interlayers for accelerated electrochemical kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第6期6卷 40-55页

作者： Yinyu Xiang Liqiang Lu Feng Yan Debarun Sengupta Petra Rudolf Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli Yutao Pei Advanced Production engineering Engineering and Technology Institute GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Zernike institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

The development of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is hindered by the disadvantages of shuttling of polysulfides and the sluggish redox kinetics of the conversion of sulfur species during discharge and ***,the crystallinities of a titanium nitride(TiN)film on copper-embedded carbon nanofibers(Cu-CNFs)are regulated and the nanofibers are used as interlayers to resolve the aforementioned crucial issues.A low-crystalline TiN-coated Cu-CNF(L-TiN-Cu-CNF)interlayer is compared with its highly crystalline counterpart(H-TiN-Cu-CNFs).It is demonstrated that the L-TiN coating not only strengthens the chemical adsorption toward polysulfides but also greatly accelerates the electrochemical conversion of *** to robust carbon frameworks and enhanced kinetics,impressive highrate performance at 2 C(913 mAh g^(-1)based on sulfur)as well as remarkable cyclic stability up to 300 cycles(626 mAh g^(-1))with capacity retention of 46.5%is realized for L-TiN-Cu-CNF interlayer-configured Li-S *** under high loading(3.8 mg cm^(-2))of sulfur and relatively lean electrolyte(10μL electrolyte per milligram sulfur)conditions,the Li-S battery equipped with L-TiN-Cu-CNF interlayers delivers a high capacity of 1144 mAh g^(-1)with cathodic capacity of 4.25 mAh cm^(-2)at 0.1 C,providing a potential pathway toward the design of multifunctional interlayers for highly efficient Li-S batteries.

关键词： crystallinity electrochemical kinetics interlayer lithium-sulfur batteries titanium nitride

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Application of electromagnetic metallurgy in continuous casting: A review

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第1期34卷 1-11页

作者： Jiale Li Yi Nian Xiang Liu Youcheng Zong Xinyu Tang Chaojie Zhang Liqiang Zhang The Intelligent Metallurgy Research institute School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology

The standards within the global steel industry are constantly advancing, necessitating increasingly rigorous quality control protocols during the continuous casting process. Central to the challenges faced in this domain are persistent defects such as central segregation, V-shaped segregation, and center porosity, which significantly impede the production of high-caliber steel products. The discipline of electromagnetic metallurgy has emerged as a critical solution in reducing these defects, thereby enhancing the efficiency and stability of continuous casting operations. Its demonstrated effectiveness has led to its widespread implementation across global and domestic steel production industries. This paper aims to deliver a comprehensive examination of electromagnetic metallurgy's impact on the final stages of solidification in continuous casting, along with its contributions to the heating and purification processes within the tundish. Additionally, it will explore the potential advancements and applications of this technology in the evolving sphere of continuous casting.

关键词： continuous casting Quality control Final electromagnetic stirring Induction heating Electromagnetic purification

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