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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 501-530页

作者： Khuram Ali Khan Saba Mubeen Ishfaq Atiqe Ur Rahman Salwa El-Morsy Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia

Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be *** concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such *** study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and *** results related to these operations are also modified for ***,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and ***,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested *** algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical ***,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.

关键词： Hypersoft set Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set computational complexity multi-attribute decision-making optimization similarity measures uncertainty

Solid Waste Management:A MADM Approach Using Fuzzy Parameterized Possibility Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hypersoft Expert Settings

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 531-553页

作者： Tmader Alballa Muhammad Ihsan Atiqe Ur Rahman Noorah Ayed Alsorayea Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa Department of Mathematics College of SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia

The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems *** search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these *** scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated *** goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site *** characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these *** tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s *** this,an intelligent algorithm is *** steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains *** compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their *** study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,*** uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior *** is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is *** the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.

关键词： Hypersoft expert set Sanchez’s method decision making optimization solid waste management possibility grade fuzzy parameterization

Low Impedance Fault Identification and Classification Based on Boltzmann Machine Learning for HVDC Transmission Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 440-449页

作者： Raheel Muzzammel Ali Raza the Department of Electrical Engineering University of LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Identification and classification of DC faults are considered as fundamentals of DC grid protection.A sudden rise of DC fault current must be identified and classified to immediately operate the corresponding interrupting *** this paper,the Boltzmann machine learning(BML)approach is proposed for identification and classification of DC faults using travelling waves generated at fault point in voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)transmission *** unsupervised way of feature extraction is performed on the frequency spectrum of the travelling *** class logistic regression(BCLR)classifies the HVDC transmission system into faulty and healthy *** proposed technique reduces the time for fault identification and classification because of reduced tagged data with few ***,the faults near or at converter stations are readily identified and *** performance of the proposed technique is assessed via simulations developed in MATLAB/Simulink and tested for pre-fault and post-fault data both at VSC1 and VSC2,***,the proposed technique is supported by analyzing the root mean square error to show practicality and realization with reduced computations.

关键词： Binary class logistic regression(BCLR) Boltzmann machine learning(BML) DC grid protection fault identification and classification voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)transmission system

An innovative design of septic tank for wastewater treatment and its performance evaluation： An applicable model for developing countries

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第4期26卷 886-891页

作者： Sajjad Haydar Mehwish Anis Gul E Hina Javed Anwar Aziz Mudasar Arbi Institute of Environmental Engineering & Research (IEER) University of Engineering & Technology (UET) Lahore Pakistan university of lahore Lahore Pakistan

A study was carried out to evaluate the treatment efficiency of modified model of septic tank（ST）for the treatment of domestic *** objective was to explore the possibility of increasing the removal efficiency,at household level,thereby reducing cost and treatment burden on city level treatment *** this purpose,a bench scale model of ST was prepared and operated continuously for 78 days at different detention times i.e.,48,24 and 12 h and at two reactor temperatures viz.15℃ and 25℃.Domestic wastewater was fed to the bench scale ST without *** was conducted under two different ***,by installing baffles in the bench scale ST（called Run-1 setup）,and secondly by installing perforated plates between the baffles（called Run-2 setup）.Results demonstrated that Run-2 setup is better than Run-1 *** significantly affects the *** time of 24 h was found ***-2 setup demonstrated a percentage BOD removal of 45%with effluent BOD of 113 mg·L^-1 at 15℃ and 85%removal with effluent BOD of 31 mg·L^-1 at 25℃.It is concluded that if a modified design of ST using Run-2 setup is provided at household level,the effluent coming out of the house will meet the National Environmental Quality Standards（NEQS）when reactor temperature is close to 25℃.Development authorities are suggested to change their by-laws and make modified ST mandatory for all *** may significantly reduce the cost and footprint of city level wastewater treatment plants being planned.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Septic tank Anaerobic baffled reactor

Metal-Doped Brushite Cement for Bone Regeneration

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第6期20卷 2716-2731页

作者： Muhammad Aqib Aneela Anwar Humayun Ajaz Samina Akbar Ahsan Manzoor Maham Abid Zohaib Waheed Qudsia Kanwal Department of Chemistry University of Engineering and TechnologyGT RoadLahore54890Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of LahoreLahore5400Pakistan

For the past several years,calcium phosphate cement was used in the biomedical *** biocompatibility,good bioactivity,self-setting qualities,minimum setting degree,appropriate toughness,and simple shape to accommodate any difficult geometry are among their most notable *** phosphate has some types and brushite is one of the most attractive mineral for bone repair *** is extensively employed in filling fractures and trauma treatments as a bone substituted *** kind of material can potentially be used as a medicine delivery *** replacement of metal,such as magnesium,zinc,and strontium ions,into the calcium phosphate structure is a major research topic these *** cement has low mechanical strength and quick setting *** is possible to produce biomaterials with higher mechanical *** adding metal that are great potential in controlling cellular density when included into *** a result,it is a successful method to develop quite well regenerative *** paper provides a detailed summary of the present achievements of metal-doped brushite cement for bone repair and healing *** major purpose of this work is to give a simple but thorough analysis of current successes in brushite cement doped with Zn,Mg,Sr,and other ions as well as to highlight new advancements and *** impact of metal replacement on cement physical and chemical properties,including microstructure,setting time,injectability,mechanical property,and ion release,is *** metal-doped cement has osteogenesis,angiogenesis,and antibacterial properties,as well as their prospective utility as drug carriers,also considered.

关键词： Calcium phosphate Brushite Bone cement Metal dopants Bone regeneration

Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 138-155页

作者： Tayyaba SAJID Shazia BASHIR Mahreen AKRAM Maira RAZZAQ Khaliq MAHMOOD Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium(Zr)plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing Faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic *** characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm-2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with a fixed radial distance of 2 cm.A well-supporting correlation between the plume parameters and the laser-plasma-produced spontaneous electric and magnetic(E and B)fields was *** measurements of the characteristic parameters and spontaneously induced fields were observed to have an increasing trend with the increasing laser ***,when increasing the spatial distance in both the axial and radial directions,the plasma parameters(electron/ion number density,temperature and kinetic energy)did not show either continuously increasing or decreasing trends due to various kinetic and dynamic processes during the spatial evolution of the ***,the E and B fields were observed to be always diffusing away from the *** radial component of electron number densities remained higher than the axial number density component,whereas the axial ion number density at all laser irradiances and axial distances remained higher than the radial ion number *** higher axial self-generated electric field(SGEF)values than radial SGEF values are correlated with the effective charge-separation mechanism of electrons and *** generation of a self-generated magnetic field is observed dominantly in the radial direction at increasing laser irradiance as compared to the axial one due to the deflection of fast-moving electrons and the persistence of two-electron temperature on the radial axis.

关键词： Faraday cup axial and radial expansion space-charge effect laser-induced zirconium plasma two-electron temperature distribution self-generated electric and magnetic fields

A Cost-Efficient Environment Monitoring Robotic Vehicle for Smart Industries

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 473-487页

作者： Arfat Ahmad Khan Chitapong Wechtaisong Faizan Ahmed Khan Nadeem Ahmad Suranaree university of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand university of Engineering and Technology LahorePakistan The university of lahore LahorePakistan

Environmental monitoring is essential for accessing and avoiding the undesirable situations in industries along with ensuring the safety of ***,inspecting and monitoring of environmental parameters by humans lead to various health concerns,which in turn brings to the requirement of monitoring the environment by *** this paper,we have designed and implemented a cost-efficient robotic vehicle for the computation of various environmental parameters such as temperature,radiation,smoke,and pressure with the help of ***,the robotic vehicle is designed in such a way that it can be dually controlled by using the remote control along with the distant *** addition,contrary to the existing researches,the GSM modules are used to achieve the two-way long distance communication between the robotic vehicle and the distant *** the distant computer,the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with controlling the robotic vehicle with the help of Graphical User Interface(GUI).In order to fulfill the given tasks,we have proposed two algorithms implemented at the robotic vehicle and the distant computer respectively in this *** final results validate the proposed algorithms where the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with the smooth-running operation of the robotic vehicle.

关键词： Industry 4.0 sensors robotic vehicle distant communication environment monitoring

Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Classical-Quantum Transfer Learning Approach and Probability Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3733-3746页

作者： Amna Mir Umer Yasin Salman Naeem Khan Atifa Athar Riffat Jabeen Sehrish Aslam Department of Physics Comsats University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Statistics Comsats University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Comsats University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan

Diabetic Retinopathy(DR)is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that causes lesions on the retina that affect *** detection of DR can lead to irreversible *** manual diagnosis process of DR retina fundus images by ophthalmologists is time consuming and ***,Classical Transfer learning models are extensively used for computer aided detection of DR;however,their maintenance costs limits detection performance ***,Quantum Transfer learning is a better option to address this problem in an optimized *** significance of Hybrid quantum transfer learning approach includes that it performs ***,our proposed methodology aims to detect DR using a hybrid quantum transfer learning *** build our model we extract the APTOS 2019 Blindness Detection dataset from Kaggle and used inception-V3 pre-trained classical neural network for feature extraction and Variational Quantum classifier for stratification and trained our model on Penny Lane default device,IBM Qiskit BasicAer device and Google Cirq Simulator *** models are built based on PyTorch machine learning *** bring about a contrast performance rate between classical and quantum *** proposed model achieves an accuracy of 93%–96%on the quantum hybrid model and 85%accuracy rate on the classical ***,quantum computing can harness quantum machine learning to do work with power and efficiency that is not possible for classical computers.

关键词： Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) quantum transfer learning inceptionV3 variational quantum circuit image classification

Improved Channel Reciprocity for Secure Communication in Next Generation Wireless Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2619-2630页

作者： Imtisal Qadeer Muhammad Khurram Ehsan Faculty of Engineering Bahria UniversityLahore CampusLahorePakistan

To secure the wireless connection between devices with low computational power has been a challenging problem due to heterogeneity in operating devices,device to device communication in Internet of Things(IoTs)and 5G wireless *** layer key generation(PLKG)tackles this secrecy problem by introducing private keys among two connecting devices through wireless *** this paper,relative calibration is used as a method to enhance channel reciprocity which in turn increases the performance of the key generation *** reciprocity based key generation is emerged as better PLKG methodology to obtain secure wireless connection in IoTs and 5G *** deconvolution is proposed as a promising technique for relative calibration to ensure channel reciprocity in comparison to existing techniques Total Least Square(TLS)and Structured Total Least Square(STLS).The proposed deconvolution technique replicates the performance of the STLS by exploiting the possibility of higher information reuse and its lesser computational complexity leads to less processing time in comparison to the *** presented idea is validated by observing the relation between signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and the correlation coefficient of the corresponding channel measurements between communicating parties.

关键词： Channel measurements physical layer key generation channel reciprocity Internet of things deconvolution

Outage Probability Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Diversity Combining Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6001-6017页

作者： Hasnain Kashif Muhammad Nasir Khan Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan

Recently,free space optical(FSO)communication is gaining much attention towards the research *** reason for this attention is the promises of high data-rate,license-free deployment,and non-interfering *** can,however,give rise to major system difficulties concerning alignment and atmospheric *** is the degradation in the signal quality because of atmospheric channel impairments and *** worst effect is due to fog ***,Radio Frequency(RF)links are able to transmit the data in foggy conditions but not in *** overcome these issues related to both the FSO and RF links.A free space communication system(FSCS)is proposed,in which the hybrid technology is based on the individual FSO and RF *** is a capable solution to overcome the difficulties of the existing systems(FSO and RF)as well as to enhance the overall link reliability and *** this paper,FSCS is investigated in terms of performance throughput(i.e.,outage probability and bit-error-rate(BER))by implementing the receive diversity combining *** analysis of the outage probability of the proposed system along with the individual FSO and RF system is *** results are presented to support the *** is shown that the proposed system outperforms the individual FSO andRF system and gives a power gain of 3dB over a distinct number of receive antennas.

关键词： Atmospheric turbulence free space communication system power management signal independent noise line of sight