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When linear inversion fails:Neural-network optimization for sparse-ray travel-time tomography of a volcanic edifice

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2024年第1期5卷 232-243页

作者： Abolfazl Komeazi Georg Rümpker Johannes Faber Fabian Limberger Nishtha Srivastava Institute of Geosciences Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FrankfurtGermany

In this study,we present an artificial neural network(ANN)-based approach for travel-time tomography of a volcanic edifice under sparse-ray *** employ ray tracing to simulate the propagation of seismic waves through the heterogeneous medium of a volcanic edifice,and an inverse modeling algorithm that uses an ANN to estimate the velocity structure from the“observed”travel-time *** performance of the approach is evaluated through a 2-dimensional numerical study that simulates i)an active source seismic experiment with a few(explosive)sources placed on one side of the edifice and a dense line of receivers placed on the other side,and ii)earthquakes located inside the edifice with receivers placed on both sides of the *** results are compared with those obtained from conventional damped linear *** average Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)between the input and output models is approximately 0.03 km/s for the ANN inversions,whereas it is about 0.4 km/s for the linear inversions,demonstrating that the ANN-based approach outperforms the classical approach,particularly in situations with sparse ray *** study emphasizes the advantages of employing a relatively simple ANN architecture in conjunction with second-order optimizers to minimize the loss *** to using first-order optimizers,our ANN architecture shows a~25%reduction in *** ANN-based approach is computationally *** observed that even though the ANN is trained based on completely random velocity models,it is still capable of resolving previously unseen anomalous structures within the edifice with about 5%anomalous discrepancies,making it a potentially valuable tool for the detection of low velocity anomalies related to magmatic intrusions or mush.

关键词： Volcanic edifice Neural network Deep learning Magma chamber Tomography Inversion

Mitochondrial apoptosis:facilitator of NK cell-mediated immunotherapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第9期7卷 3170-3171页

作者： Evelyn Ullrich Meike Vogler Ivana von Metzler university Hospital frankfurt Department for Children and Adolescents MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany Experimental Immunology Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany frankfurt Cancer Institute Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany university Cancer Center frankfurt(UCT) University Hospital FrankfurtGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany Department of Medicine Hematology and OncologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany

In a recent study published in Cell,Pan et *** how NK cell-based immunotherapy can be combined with BCL2 Homology Domain(BH)3 mimetics to increase tumor cell killing,thus highlighting a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.1Induc-tion of mitochondrial apoptosis is a multi-step procedure,and knowledge about the regulation of apoptosis may pave the way for new treatment approaches in immune-oncology.

关键词： BCL2 apoptosis NK cell

A combined computational pipeline to detect circular RNAs in human cancer cells under hypoxic stress

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第10期11卷 829-844页

作者： Antonella Di Liddo Camila de Oliveira Freitas Machado Sandra Fischer Stefanie Ebersberger Andreas WHeumliller Julia EWeigand Michaela Muller-McNicoll Kathi Zarnack Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany Department of Biology Technical University DarmstadtGermany Institute of Molecular Biology(IMB) MainzGermany

Hypoxia is associated with several diseases,including *** that are deprived of adequate oxygen supply trigger tran-scriptional and post-transcriptional responses,which control cellular pathways such as angiogenesis,proliferation,and metabolic *** RNAs(circRNAs)are a novel class of mainly non-coding RNAs,which have been implicated in multiple cancers and attract increasing attention as potential ***,we characterize the circRNA signatures of three different cancer cell lines from cervical(HeLa),breast(MCF-7),and lung(A549)cancer under *** order to reliably detect circRNAs,we integrate available tools with custom approaches for quantification and statistical analysis?Using this consolidated computational pipeline,we identify?12000 circRNAs in the three cancer *** molecular characteristics point to an involvement of complementary RNA sequences as well as trans-acting factors in circRNA biogenesis,such as the RNA-binding protein HNRNPC-Notably,we detect a number of circRNAs that are more abundant than their linear *** addition,64 circRNAs significantly change in abundance upon hypoxia,in most cases in a cell type-specific *** summary,we present a comparative circRNA profiling in human cancer cell lines,which promises novel insights into the biogenesis and function of circRNAs under hypoxic stress.

关键词： circular RNA computational pipeline differential expression cancer cells hypoxia RNA-Seq

Comparison of outcomes between complete and incomplete congenital duodenal obstruction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第28期25卷 3787-3797页

作者： Stefan Gfroerer Till-Martin Theilen Henning C Fiegel Anoosh Esmaeili Udo Rolle Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt 60590 Germany Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt 60590 Germany

BACKGROUND Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) can be complete (CCDO) or incomplete (ICDO). To date there is no outcome analysis available that compares both subtypes. AIM To quantify and compare the association between CCDO and ICDO with outcome parameters. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent operative repair of CCDO or ICDO in our tertiary care institution between January 2004 and January 2017. The demographics, clinical presentation, preoperative diagnostics and postoperative outcomes of 50 patients were compared between CCDO (n = 27;atresia type 1-3, annular pancreas) and ICDO (n=23;annular pancreas, web, Ladd′s bands). RESULTS In total, 50 patients who underwent CDO repair were enrolled and followed for a median of 5.2 and 3.9 years (CCDO and ICDO, resp.). CCDO was associated with a significantly higher prenatal ultrasonographic detection rate (88% versus 4%;CCDO vs ICDO, P<0.01), lower gestational age at birth, lower age and weight at operation, higher rate of associated congenital heart disease (CHD), more extensive preoperative radiologic diagnostics, higher morbidity according to Clavien-Dindo classification and comprehensive complication index (all P≤0.01). The subgroup analysis of patients without CHD and prematurity showed a longer time from operation to the initiation of enteral feeds in the CCDO group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION CCDO and ICDO differ with regard to prenatal detection rate, gestational age, age and weight at operation, rate of associated CHD, preoperative diagnostics and morbidity. The degree of CDO in mature patients without CHD influences the postoperative initiation of enteral feeding.

关键词： Congenital duodenal obstruction Duodenal atresia Duodenal stenosis Prenatal ultrasonographic detection rate Clinical presentation Preoperative diagnostics Adverse events Outcome

Assessment of hemostatic profile in patients with mild to advanced liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第17期26卷 2097-2110页

作者： Elisabeth Hannah Adam Madara Mohlmann Eva Herrmann Sonia Schneider Kai Zacharowski Stefan Zeuzem Christian Friedrich Weber Nina Weiler Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Care Medicine and Pain TherapyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtGoethe-University FrankfurtFrankfurt 60590Germany Department of Biostatistics and mathematical modeling University Hospital FrankfurtGoethe-University FrankfurtFrankfurt 60590Germany Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtGoethe-University FrankfurtFrankfurt 60590Germany Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency MedicineAsklepios Clinics HamburgHamburg 22043Germany

BACKGROUND Hemostasis of patients suffering from liver cirrhosis is challenging due to both,pro-and anticoagulatory disorders leading to hemostatic alterations with distinct abnormalities of *** changes in conventional coagulation analysis and platelet count are common manifestations of decreased liver synthesis of coagulation factors and reduced platelet count in these ***,conventional coagulation analysis and platelet count do not reflect invivo coagulation status or platelet *** purpose of this present observational study was therefore to assess the haemostatic profile including plasmatic coagulation using thrombelastometry and impedance aggregometry for platelet function in patients suffering from liver *** To assess the hemostatic profile of cirrhotic patients according to model for endstage liver disease(MELD)*** Our study included both in-and outpatients suffering from liver cirrhosis attending the out-and inpatient care of the department of *** and biochemical data as well as medical history including cause of liver cirrhosis,end stage kidney failure and medication with anticoagulants were *** assess the hemostatic profile,platelet function was analyzed by multiple electrode aggregometry(MEA)using Multiplate^■(ADP-,ASPI-and TRAP-test)and thrombelastometry using ROTEM^■(EXTEM,INTEM,FIBTEM).Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U-or χ^*** correlation was performed to analyze the association between MELD Score and results of thrombelastometry and *** A total of 68 patients attending the out-and inpatient care suffering from liver cirrhosis were *** these,50 patients were included and assigned to groups according to MELD score 6 to 11(n=25)or≥17(n=25).Baseline patient characteristics revealed significant differences for MELD score(8 vs 22,P<0.0001)and underlying laboratory parameters(international normalized ratio,bilirubine,creatinine)as well as

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Model for end-stage liver disease Coagulopathy Multiple electrode aggregometry Thrombelastometry Hemostasis

Complications of newborn enterostomies

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第16期6卷 1101-1110页

作者： Lea Wolf Stefan Gfroerer Henning Fiegel Udo Rolle Department of Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main

AIM To evaluate the occurrence and severity of enterostomy complications in newborns suffering from different intestinal *** A 10-year retrospective cohort study(2008-2017) investigated newborns that underwent enterostomy formation and reversal for different intestinal disorders. Only infants less than 28 d old at the time of enterostomy creation were included in the study(corrected age was applied in the cases of preterm neonates). The patients were divided into two groups according to their underlying diseases. Group 1 included infants suffering from necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC), whereas Group 2 included newborns diagnosed with intestinal disorders other than NEC, such as meconium obstruction, anorectal malformation, focal intestinal perforation, ileus, intestinal atresia and volvulus. The primary outcome measure was enterostomy-related morbidity. The data were analyzed statistically using Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-Test for continuous variables. RESULTS In total, 76 infants met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for enterostomy-related complications. Neither group showed significant differences regarding gender, gestational age, weight at birth or weight at enterostomy formation. Infants suffering from NEC(Group 1) were significantly older at enterostomy for-mation than the neonates of Group 2 [median(range), 11(2-75) d vs 4(1-101) d, P = 0.004)]. Significantly more ileostomies were created in Group 1 [47(92.2%) vs 16(64.0%), P = 0.007], whereas colostomies were performed significantly more often in Group 2 [2(3.9%) vs 8(32.0%), P = 0.002]. The initiation of enteral nutrition after enterostomy was significantly later in Group 1 infants than in Group 2 infants [median(range), 5(3-13) vs 3(1-9), P < 0.001]. The overall rate of one or more complications in patients of both groups after enterostomy formation was 80.3%, with rates of 86.3% in Group 1 and 68.0% in Group 2(P =

关键词： Enterostomy closure Enterostomy Stoma Necrotizing enterocolitis Neonates Complications Enterostomy formation

Abdominal cocoon in children: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6332-6344页

作者： Daniel Keese Andrea Schmedding Kerstin Saalabian Georgy Lakshin Henning Fiegel Udo Rolle Goethe-university frankfurt Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric UrologyUniversity HospitalFrankfurt 60590Germany

BACKGROUND Abdominal cocoon or“encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis”(EPS)is an uncommon and rare cause of intestinal *** a few cases have been reported in paediatric ***,EPS is described as the primary form in young adolescent girls from tropical and subtropical countries because of viral peritonitis due to retrograde menstruation or a history of peritoneal *** patients are asymptomatic or present with abdominal pain,which is likely to occur secondary to subacute bowel *** at imaging,such as ultrasound,computed tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging,are often *** diagnosed,EPS is characterized by total or partial encasement of the bowel within a thick fibrocollagenous membrane that envelopes the small intestine in the form of a cocoon because of chronic intraabdominal fibroinflammatory *** membrane forms a fibrous tissue sheet that covers,fixes,and finely constricts the gut,compromising its *** SUMMARY We present a case of EPS in a 12-year-old boy 8 wk after primary surgery for resection of symptomatic jejunal *** was no history of peritoneal dialysis or drug *** In this report,we sought to highlight the diagnostic,surgical,and histopathological characteristics and review the current literature on EPS in paediatric patients.

关键词： Abdominal cocoon Peritoneal encapsulation Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis Intestinal obstruction Children Case report

Persistent bowel dysfunction after surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease:A neuropathological perspective

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第8期13卷 822-833页

作者： Sanne J Verkuijl Florian Friedmacher Patrick N Harter Udo Rolle Paul MA Broens Department of Pediatric Surgery University Hospital FrankfurtGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt 60590Germany Neurological Institute(Edinger-Institute) University Hospital FrankfurtGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt 60528Germany Department of Surgery Division of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9700 RBNetherlands

Hirschsprung’s disease(HD)is a congenital disorder,characterized by aganglionosis in the distal part of the gastrointestinal *** complete surgical resection of the aganglionic segment,both constipation and fecal incontinence persist in a considerable number of patients with limited treatment *** is growing evidence for structural abnormalities in the ganglionic bowel proximal to the aganglionosis in both humans and animals with HD,which may play a role in persistent bowel *** abnormalities include:(1)Histopathological abnormalities of enteric neural cells;(2)Imbalanced expression of neurotransmitters and neuroproteins;(3)Abnormal expression of enteric pacemaker cells;(4)Abnormalities of smooth muscle cells;and(5)Abnormalities within the extracellular ***,a better understanding of these previously unrecognized neuropathological abnormalities may improve follow-up and treatment in patients with HD suffering from persistent bowel dysfunction following surgical *** the long term,further combination of clinical and neuropathological data will hopefully enable a translational step towards more individual treatment for HD.

Time's up:mutation rate and lifespan

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第9期7卷 3166-3167页

作者： Anjali Cremer Wesley T.Abplanalp Michael A.Rieger Department of Medicine Hematology/OncologyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany frankfurt Cancer Institute Frankfurt am MainGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK)and German Cancer Research Center(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration Centre of Molecular MedicineGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK Partner site Frankfurt Rhine-MainBerlinGermany Cardiopulmonary Institute Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany EnABLE Consortium Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Alex Cagan,Adrian Baez-Ortega and colleagues found that many mammalian species present a similar somatic mutational load at the end of *** mutational burden is independent of lifetime and body mass,only varying by a relatively small fold change among species.1These data may suggest that mutational burden predicts mortality.

关键词： species. life lifetime