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Evaluation of in vitro digestibility of Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass grown on organic residue derived‑VFAs as a promising ruminant feed supplement

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2614-2629页

作者： Clarisse Uwineza Mohammadali Bouzarjomehr Milad Parchami Taner Sar Mohammad J.Taherzadeh Amir Mahboubi Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery University of Boras50190 BorasSweden

Background As demand for high quality animal feed continues to raise,it becomes increasingly important to mini-mize the environmental impact of feed *** appealing sustainable approach to provide feed fractions is to use organic residues from agro-food *** this regard,volatile fatty acids(VFAs)such as acetic,propionic and butyric acids,derived from bioconversion of organic residues can be used as precursors for production of micro-bial protein with ruminant feed inclusion *** study aims to investigate the in vitro digestibility of the Asper-gillus oryzae edible fungal biomass cultivated on VFAs-derived from anaerobic digestion of *** produced fungal protein biomass,along with hay clover silage and rapeseed meal were subjected to various in vitro assays using two-stage Tilley and Terry(TT),gas,and bag methods to evaluate and compare its digestibility for application in ruminant *** The produced fungal biomass contained a higher crude protein(CP)(41%–49%)and rather similar neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(41%–56%)compared to rapeseed *** rumen in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)of the fungal biomass in the TT method ranged from 82%to 88%(statistically similar to that of the gas method(72%to 85%)).The IVDMD of fungal biomass were up to 26%and 40%greater than that of hay clover silage and rapeseed meal,*** type of substrate and bag method had pronounced effect on the fermentation products(ammonium-N(NH4+-N),total gas and VFAs).Fungal biomass digestion resulted in the highest release of NH4+-N(340–540 mg/L)and the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio(3.5)among subjected *** The results indicate that gas method can be used as a reliable predictor for IVDMD as well as fermenta-tion ***,the high IVDMD and fermentation product observed for Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass digestion,suggest that the supplementation of fungal biomass will contribute to improving the rumen diges

关键词： Aspergillus oryzae Fungal biomass In vitro dry matter digestibility Ruminant feed Volatile fatty acids

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Taking Comfort in Points:The Appeal of the Norwegian Model in Sweden

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2018年第4期3卷 85-95页

作者： Bjorn Hammarfelt Swedish School of Library and In formation Science University of BorasSweden

Purpose: The "Norwegian model" has become widely used for assessment and resource allocation purposes. This paper investigates why this model has becomes so widespread and influential. Approach: A theoretical background is outlined in which the reduction of "uncertainty" is highlighted as a key feature of performance measurement systems. These theories are then drawn upon when revisiting previous studies of the Norwegian model, its use, and reactions to it, in ***: The empirical examples, which concern more formal use on the level of universities as well as responses from individual researchers, shows how particular parts—especially the "publication indicator"—are employed in Swedish academia. The discussion posits that the attractiveness of the Norwegian model largely can be explained by its ability to reduce complexity and uncertainty, even in fields where traditional bibliometric measurement is less applicable. Research limitations: The findings presented should be regarded as examples that can be used for discussion, but one should be careful to interpret these as representative for broader sentiments and ***: The sheer popularity of the Norwegian model, leading to its application in contexts for which it was not designed, can be seen as a major challenge for the ***: This paper offers a novel perspective on the Norwegian model by focusing on its general "appeal", rather than on its design, use or(mis)-use.

关键词： The Norwegian model Sweden Uncertainty Bibliometric indicators Assessment systems

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Historical Bibliometrics Using Google Scholar: The Case of Roman Law, 1727–2016

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2020年第3期5卷 18-32页

作者： Janne Polonen Bjorn Hammarfelt Federation of Finnish Learned Societies Snellmaninkatu 1300170 HelsinkiFinland Swedish School of Library and Information Science University of BorasAllegatan 1Boras50332Sweden

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical and linguistic coverage of Google Scholar, using publications in the field of Roman law as an ***/methodology/approach: To create a dataset of Roman law publications, we retrieved a total of 21,300 records of publications, published between years 1500 and 2016, with title including words denoting "Roman law" in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Findings: We were able to find publications dating back to 1727. The largest number of publications and authors date to the late 19th century, and this peak might be explained by the role of Roman law in French legal education at the time. Furthermore, we found exceptionally skewed concentration of publications to authors, as well as of citations to publications. We speculate that this could be explained by the long time-frame of the study, and the importance of classic works. Research limitation: Major limitations, and potential future work, relate to data quality, and cleaning, disambiguation of publications and authors, as well as comparing coverage with other data sources. Practical implications: We find Google Scholar to be a promising data source for historical bibliometrics. This approach may help bridge the gap between bibliometrics and the "digital humanities".Originality/value: Earlier studies have focused mainly on Google Scholar's coverage of publications and citations in general, or in specific fields. The historical coverage has, however, received less attention.

关键词： Historical bibliometrics Google Scholar Roman law

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Cost Accounting, Ethical Accountability, and Accounting Principles

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2014年第1期10卷 20-31页

作者： Hossein Pashang Urban Osterlund Kjell Johansson university of boras Boras Sweden

This essay explains why cost accounting, ethical accountability, and accounting principles are interrelated concepts. During the past two decades, the relationship between accounting systems and discharge of accountability has increasingly drawn the attention of researchers. However, researchers have shown a marginal interest in the inclusion and examination of the theme of cost accounting, and in particular, no interest has been oriented to explore the potential role of cost accounting in serving presentation of the trustful cost information as regards the discharge of accountability. In this essay, we will reason that the traditional discourse of cost accounting is fundamentally different from the managerial discourse of cost accounting. The traditional cost accounting is built upon the ethical, legal, professional, and principle-based discourses. By exploring the differences between the two cost accounting discourses, this essay will reduce the effect of current skeptical views with which quality of our academic education, relevance of our research, and our understanding of the potential role of cost accounting in serving the provision and presentation of trustful information have been seriously undermined.

关键词：成本核算会计准则伦理责任潜在作用成本信息会计原则会计制度研究人员

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Energy harvesting textiles for a rainy day:woven piezoelectrics based on melt-spun PVDF microfibres with a conducting core

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npj Flexible Electronics 2018年第1期2卷 67-75页

作者： Anja Lund Karin Rundqvist Erik Nilsson Liyang Yu Bengt Hagstrom Christian Muller Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg 41296Sweden The Swedish School of Textiles University of BorasBoras 50190Sweden Department of Materials Swerea IVFBox 104Mölndal 43122Sweden Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of TechnologyGoteborg 41296Sweden

Recent advances in ubiquitous low-power electronics call for the development of light-weight and flexible energy *** textile format is highly attractive for unobtrusive harvesting of energy from e.g.,biomechanical ***,we report the manufacture and characterisation of fully textile piezoelectric generators that can operate under wet *** use a weaving loom to realise textile bands with yarns of melt-spun piezoelectric microfibres,that consist of a conducting core surrounded byβ-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),in the warp *** core-sheath constitution of the piezoelectric microfibres results in a—for electronic textiles—unique *** inner electrode is fully shielded from the outer electrode(made up of conducting yarns that are integrated in the weft direction)which prevents shorting under wet *** a result,and in contrast to other energy harvesting textiles,we are able to demonstrate piezoelectric fabrics that do not only continue to function when in contact with water,but show enhanced *** piezoelectric bands generate an output of several volts at strains below one *** show that integration into the shoulder strap of a laptop case permits the continuous generation of four microwatts of power during a brisk *** promising performance,combined with the fact that our solution uses scalable materials and well-established industrial manufacturing methods,opens up the possibility to develop wearable electronics that are powered by piezoelectric textiles.

关键词： piezoelectric harvesting electrode

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Taste responsiveness to two steviol glycosides in three species of nonhuman primates

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 63-68页

作者： Sandra NICKLASSON Desiree SJOSTROM Mats AMUNDIN Daniel ROTH Laura Teresa HERNANDEZ SALAZAR iatthias LASKA IFM Biology Linkoping University Linkoping SE-581 83 Kolmarden Wildlife Park Kolmarden SE-681 92 boras Zoo Boras SE-501 13 Sweden Instituto de Neuro-Etologia Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz C.P. 91000 Mexico

Primates have been found to differ widely in their taste perception and studies suggest that a co-evolution between plant species bearing a certain taste substance and primate species feeding on these plants may contribute to such between-species differences. Considering that only platyrrhine primates, but not catarrhine or prosimian primates, share an evolutionary history with the neotropical plant , we assessed whether members of these three primate taxa differ in their ability to perceive and/or in their sensitivity to its two quantitatively predominant sweet-tasting substances. We found that not only neotropical black-handed spider monkeys, but also paleotropical black-and-white ruffed lemurs and Western chimpanzees are clearly able to perceive stevioside and rebaudioside A. Using a two-bottle preference test of short duration, we found that preferred concentrations as low as 0.05 mM stevioside and 0.01 mM rebaudioside A over tap water. Taste preference thresholds of were similar to those of the spider monkeys, with 0.05 mM for stevioside and 0.03 mM for rebaudioside A, whereas was slightly less sensitive with a threshold value of 0.1 mM for both substances. Thus, all three primate species are, similar to human subjects, clearly more sensitive to both steviol glycosides compared to sucrose. Only the spider monkeys displayed concentration-response curves with both stevioside and rebaudioside A which can best be described as an inverted U-shaped function suggesting that , similar to human subjects, may perceive a bitter side taste at higher concentrations of these substances. Taken together, the results of the present study do not support the notion that a co-evolution between plant and primate species may account for between-species differences in taste perception of steviol glycosides.

关键词：品尝植物种类应答人类进化历史持续时间味道公里

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Nigerian Wood Waste: A Dependable and Renewable Fuel Option for Power Production

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2014年第3期2卷 234-248页

作者： Kehinde Oluoti Godswill Megwai Anita Pettersson Tobias Richards Swedish Center for Resource Recovery University of Boras Boras Sweden

Being an oil-rich country, Nigeria’s energy supply is primarily fossil-based. The unequal distribution of oil wealth, along with agitation for self-determination and resource control, has led to the sabotage of oil installations. This, in turn, has affected all services running on the energy supply from these installations, leading to incessant or total shut-down of such facilities. Power generated using biomass-based renewable energy technologies is a promising option in limiting the country’s dependence on fossil energy for power generation. The most important part of this option is on-site power generation via mini-grid systems. The power thus produced is utilized with the excess being fed into the national grid based on Feed-in-Tariff (F.i.T.) requirements and technicalities. The important factors to be considered in the propagation of a mini-grid option are examined in this study. Furthermore, the study shows that about 1.3 TWh of electricity can be generated from the 1.8 million tonnes per year of wood waste produced by the lumber industry in Nigeria. Power generation through the utilization of biomass has however proved to be a possible path in achieving economic, social and environmental sustainability in the country. Economic studies show that for small-scale power generation, internal combustion engines and Stirling engines are economically feasible. Steam turbines and gas turbines are mostly used in medium/large-scale biomass power generators, especially in proximity to biomass waste resources. Micro gas turbine power technology can also be applied on a small scale despite its high total investment capital.

关键词： Nigeria Wood Waste Renewable Energy Mini-Grid Power Technologies

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Biological treatment of chicken feather waste for improved biogas production

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1747-1753页

作者： Gergely Forgcs Saeid Alinezhad Amir Mirabdollah Elisabeth Feuk-Lagerstedt Ilona Srvri Horvth School of Engineering University of Bors501 90 BorsSweden Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology412 96 GteborgSweden School of Engineering University of Boras501 90 BorsSweden

A two-stage system was developed which combines the biological degradation of keratin-rich waste with the production of biogas. Chicken feather waste was treated biologically with a recombinant Bacillus megaterium strain showing keratinase activity prior to biogas production. Chopped, autoclaved chicken feathers （4%, W/V） were completely degraded, resulting in a yellowish fermentation broth with a level of 0.51 mg/mL soluble proteins after 8 days of cultivation of the recombinant strain. During the subsequent anaerobic batch digestion experiments, methane production of 0.35 Nm3/kg dry feathers （i.e., 0.4 Nm3/kg volatile solids of feathers）, corresponding to 80% of the theoretical value on proteins, was achieved from the feather hydrolyzates, independently of the pre- hydrolysis time period of 1, 2 or 8 days. Cultivation with a native keratinase producing strain, Bacillus licheniformis resulted in only 0.25 mg/mL soluble proteins in the feather hydrolyzate, which then was digested achieving a maximum accumulated methane production of 0.31 Nm3/kg dry feathers. Feather hydrolyzates treated with the wild type B. megaterium produced 0.21 Nm3 CH4/kg dry feathers as maximum yield.

关键词： anaerobic digestion feather waste keratinase, Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus megaterium gene expression

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Processing of Lyocell Fiber Mat: An Alternative Renewable Reinforcement in Composite Manufacturing

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2015年第2期5卷 47-54页

作者： Kayode Feyisetan Adekunle Mikael Skrifvars Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Polymer Group School of Engineering University of Boras Boras Sweden

The carding of the Lyocell cellulose fiber was done with a cylindrical cross lap machine supplied by Cormatex Prato, Italy. Several mats were made by carding and needle punching in order to have a compact and well entangled mat suitable for reinforcement. The speed of the cross lap machine, the frequency of needle punching, the number of times the mat goes through needle punching, the feeding rate of the carded fiber and the depth of needle penetration determined the level of entanglement of the Lyocell fiber which ultimately increased the mechanical properties of the fiber. The good mechanical properties of the carded Lyocell fiber made it a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative as reinforcement in composite manufacturing. Compared with other jute fiber reinforced composites, the mechanical properties of the resulting Lyocell composites were found to be better. Regenerated cellulose fiber (Lyocell) composites were environmentally friendly and the mechanical properties were comparable to those of natural fibers.

关键词： Cellulose Fiber Environmentally Friendly Lyocell Fiber Composites Mechanical Properties

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Surface Treatments of Natural Fibres—A Review: Part 1

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2015年第3期5卷 41-46页

作者： Kayode Feyisetan Adekunle Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering and Engineering Technology Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Polymer Group School of Engineering University of Boras Boras Sweden

This review is based on the surface treatment of natural fibres which can be used in technical applications. Natural fibres on their own have some draw backs regarding moisture uptake, quality variations, low thermal stability, and poor wettability. Insufficient adhesion between polymer matrix and fibre leads in time to debonding. Overcoming the weaknesses of these natural fibres gave the motivation for this study where physical and chemical methods of modification were considered. Physical methods such as electric discharge and mercerization were reported as well as the chemical methods such as graft copolymerization and treatment with isocyanates, and the results due to these modifications were discussed. This study reveals that natural fibres are good candidates for reinforcement but they have to be suitably treated to improve their properties if they are to be used in technical applications. The various fibre surface treatments actually improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibre surface and the matrix, thereby giving good mechanical properties to the resulted polymer composites.

关键词： Natural Fibres Chemical Modification Mechanical Properties Debonding

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