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The effect of landscape complexity and microclimate on the thermal tolerance of a pest insect

insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 905-915页

作者： Lucy Alford Kevin Tougeron Jean-Sebastien Pierre Francoise Burel Joan van Baaren UMR 6553 ECOBiO Centre National de la Recherche Scientitique Universite de Rennes I Rennes Cedex France departement de Sciences Biologiques Insfitut de Recherche en Biologie Vegetale Universite de Montreal Montreal QC Canada universite Europeenne de Bretagne (UEB) Rennes France

Landscape changes are known to exacerbate the impacts of climate change. As such, understanding the combined effect of climate and landscape on agroecosystems is vital if we are to maintain the fimction of agroecosystems. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of agricultural landscape complexity on the microclimate and thermal tolerance of an aphid pest to better understand how landscape and climate may interact to affect the thermal tolerance of pest species within the context of global climate change. Meteo- rological data were measured at the landscape level, and cereal aphids （Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi） sampled, from contrasting landscapes （simple and complex） in winter 2013/2014 and spring 2014 in cereal fields of Brittany, France. Aphids were returned to the laboratory and the effect of landscape of origin on aphid cold tolerance （as determined by CTmin） was investigated. Results revealed that local landscape complexity significantly affected microclimate, with simple homogenous landscapes being on average warmer, but with greater temperature variation. Landscape complexity was shown to impact aphid cold tolerance, with aphids from complex land- scapes being more cold tolerant than those from simple landscapes in both winter and spring, but with differences among species. This study highlights that future changes to land use could have implications for the thermal tolerance and adaptability of insects. Fur- thermore, not all insect species respond in a similar way to microhabitat and microclimate, which could disrupt important predator-prey relationships and the ecosystem service they provide.

关键词： agroecosystems biological control cereal aphids climate change coldtolerance landscape ecology

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Electron spectroscopies and their use for materials characterization

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2003年第1期14卷 28-48页

作者： Didier SBiLLEAU Bat.11C France Laboratoire PALMS UMR CNRS-universite 6627 universite de rennes-1 35042 rennes-Cedex

We present here a general overview of electron spectroscopies from a practical point of view. The most frequently used ones are described and the type of structural information they can provide on materials is explained in relation to the physical processes on which they are based. Furthermore, we explore critically and in detail various tools that have been developed to allow a systematic solving of structures by these spectroscopies.

关键词： Electron spectroscopy Materials characterization Surface analysis

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Chitinozoans from the Fenxiang Formation (Early Ordovician) of Yichang,Hubei Province,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第2期82卷 287-294页

作者： CHEN Xiaohong Florentin PARiS ZHANG Miao Yichang institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Hubei 443003 China Geosciences-rennes UMR6-118 du CNRS Universite de Rennes I 35042 Rennes Cedex France

Chitinozoans collected from upper Tremadocian to lower Floian strata of Chenjiahe section, Yichang, western Hubei, China comprise six species belonging respectively to the genera Euconochitina including a new species, Euconochitina fenxiangensis, Lagenochitina and Bursachitina, together with desmochitina sp. and Eremochitina sp. The chitinozoan succession across the interval is correlated with relevant conodont and chitinozoan biozones and two new regional chitinozoan biozones, the Lagenochitina destombesi Biozone and the Euconochitina symmetrica Biozone are proposed based on their stratigraphic ranges in the Fenxiang to Honghuayuan formations in the Chenjiahe section.

关键词： Early Ordovician Chitinozoa systematics biozonation western Hubei China

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CsCl Effected Ultrafast Third-order Optical Nonlinearities of GeS_2-Sb_2S_3 Chalcogenide Glasses

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第6期25卷 772-776页

作者： Hua Zhang Qiuhua Nie Shixun Dai Xiang Shen Xunsi Wang Xianghua Zhang Faculty of information Science and Engineering The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materialsand Preparation Science Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China universite de rennes i Rennes 35042 France

A series of alkali halide doped chalcohalide glasses （100-x）（0.9GeS2-0.1Sb2S3）-xCsCl （x=5, 10, 15 and 20 mole fraction） were prepared. The absorption spectra and Raman scatting spectra of these glasses were measured. The optical band gaps Eopt were obtained from ultraviolet absorption edges. Z-scan technique was utilized to investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of GeS2-Sb2S3-CsCl glasses. The value of Eopt increases and the third-order optical nonlinearity decreases with increasing CsCl content. decreasing lone-pair electron and broadening the band-gap will provide less transition paths for nonlinear process, which play a key role in ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical responses of these chalcohalide glasses.

关键词： Optical band gap Microstructural units Optical nonlinearity Chalcohalide glasses

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Hierarchical networks of food exchange in the black garden ant Lasius niger

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insect Science 2021年第3期28卷 825-838页

作者： Martin Quque Olivier Bles Annaelle Benard Amelie Heraud Bastien Meunier Frangois Criscuolo Jean-Louis deneubourg Cedric Sueur CA/RS IPHCUniversite de StrasbourgStrasbourgUMR718France Centre for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems(Cenoli)-CP 231 Universite libre de Bruxelles(ULB)BruxellesBelgium universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte DijonFrance universite de rennes 1 RennesFrance institut Universitaire de France ParisFrance

in most eusocial insects,the division of labor results in relatively few individuals foraging for the entire ***,the survival of the colony depends on its efficiency in meeting the nutritional needs of all its ***,we characterize the network topology of a eusocial insect to understand the role and centrality of each caste in this network during the process of food *** constructed trophallaxis networks from 34 food-exchange experiments in black garden ants(Lasius niger).We tested the influence of brood and colony size on(i)global indices at the network level(i.e.,efficiency,resilience,centralization,and modularity)and(ii)individual values(i.e.,degree,strength,betweenness,and the clustering coefficient).Network resilience,the ratio between global efficiency and centralization,was stable with colony size but increased in the presence of broods,presumably in response to the nutritional needs of *** metrics highlighted the major role of foragers in food *** addition,a hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that some domestics acted as intermediaries between foragers and other *** appeared to be hierarchical rather than random or centralized exclusively around ***,our results suggested that networks emerging from social insect interactions can improve group performance and thus colony fitness.

关键词： insects network evolution self-organization social evolution social network analyses

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Can soil microbial diversity influence plant metabolites and life history traits of a rhizophagous insect？ A demonstration in oilseed rape

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insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1045-1056页

作者： Tom Lachaise Morgane Ourry Lionel Lebreton Anne-Yvonne Guillerm-Erckelboudt Juliette Linglin Chrystelle Paty Valerie Chaminade Nathalie Marnet Julie Aubert denis Poinsot Anne-Marie Cortesero Christophe Mougel iGEPP Agrocampus Ouest INRA Universite de Rennes 1 Le Rheu France iGEPP Agrocampus Ouest INRA Universite de Rennes 1 Universite Bretagne-Loire Rennes France iNRA UR1268 BIA-Le Rheu France iNRA-AgroParisTech UMR 518 Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences-Paris France

interactions between plants and phytophagous insects play an important part in shaping the biochemical composition of plants. Reciprocally plant metabolites can influ- ence major life history traits in these insects and largely contribute to their fitness. Plant rhizospheric microorganisms are an important biotic factor modulating plant metabolites and adaptation to stress. While plant-insects or plant-microorganisms interactions and their consequences on the plant metabolite signature are well-documented, the impact of soil microbial communities on plant defenses against phytophagous insects remains poorly known. in this study, we used oilseed rape （Brassica napus） and the cabbage root fly （delia radicum） as biological models to tackle this question. Even though D. radicum is a belowground herbivore as a larva, its adult life history traits depend on aboveground signals. We therefore tested whether soil microbial diversity influenced emergence rate and fitness but also fly oviposition behavior, and tried to link possible effects to modifications in leaf and root metabolites. Through a removal-recolonization experiment, 3 soil microbial modalities （＂high,＂＂medium,＂＂low＂） were established and assessed through amplicon sequencing of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The ＂medium＂ modality in the rhizosphere significantly improved insect development traits. Plant-microorganism interactions were marginally associated to modulations of root metabolites profiles, which could partly explain these results. We highlighted the potential role of plant-microbial interaction in plant defenses against delia radicum. Rhizospheric microbial communities must be taken into account when analyzing plant defenses against herbivores, being either below or aboveground.

关键词： Brassica napus delia radicum life history traits plant primary and secondary metabolites rhizophagous pest soil microbial diversity

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Kinetic degradation of amoxicillin by using the electro-Fenton process in the presence of a graphite rods from used batteries

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期34卷 183-190页

作者： Hakima Kadji idris Yahiaoui Zehira Garti Abdeltif Amrane Farida Aissani-Benissad Laboratoire de Genie de l'Environnement(LGE) Faculte de TechnologieUniversite de Bejaia06000 BejaiaAlgeria Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de rennes Universite RenneslCNRSUMR 622611 allee de BeaulieuCS 50837France

This study reports the removal of amoxicillin(AMX)in aqueous media using the electroFenton process in the presence of a graphite cathode recovered from used *** impact of the relevant parameters on the electroFenton process,namely the applied current intensity,the temperature,the initial concentration of AMX and the initial concentration of ferrous ions were *** results showed that the optimal values were:i=600 mA,T=25℃,[AMX]_(0)=0.082 mmol·L^( 1) and[Fe^(2+)]=1 mmol·L^(1),leading to 95%degradation and 74%*** model parameters of AMX mineralization were determined using nonlinear methods,showing that it follows a pseudosecondorder *** Energy consumption(EC)calculated under the optimal values was found to be 0.79 kWhg 1,which was of the same order of magnitude of those reported in other findings;while it is noteworthy that the electrodes used in our study are of a lower cost.

关键词： Wastewater Amoxicillin Electro-Fenton Pharmaceuticals Solid waste recovery Kinetic modelling

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Chalcogenide Glass for Passive infrared Applications

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 72-73页

作者： Jacques Lucas (UMR CNRS 6512 "Verres et Ceramiques" Institut de Chimie de Rennes Universite de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes cedex France

Chalcogenide glass fibers have been successfully used for remote spectroscopy, temperature sensing and CO2 laser power delivery. in bulk form, chalcogenide glass is the most promising candidate for replacing the expen... 详细信息

关键词： for as have by into it of Chalcogenide Glass for Passive infrared Applications been

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Consequences of coinfection with protective symbionts on the host phenotype and symbiont titres in the pea aphid system

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insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 798-808页

作者： Melanie Leclair Sarah Polin Thibaut Jousseaume Jean-Christophe Simon Akiko Sugio Stephanie Morliere Takema Fukatsu Tsutomu Tsuchida Yannick Outreman iGEPP Agrocampus Ouest INRA Universite de Rennes 1 Universite Bretagne-Loire Rennes France iGEPP Agrocampus OuestINRA Universit6 de Rennes 1 Le Rheu France Bioproduction Research institute AIST Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama Japan

Symbiotic associations between microbes and insects are widespread, and it is frequent that several symbionts share the same host individual. Hence, interactions can occur between these symbionts, influencing their respective abundance within the host with consequences on its phenotype. Here, we investigate the effects of multiple infections in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisurn, which is the host of an obligatory and several facultative symbionts. in particular, we study the influence of a coinfection with 2 protective symbionts： Harniltonella defensa, which confers protection against parasitoids, and Rickettsiella viridis, which provides protection against fungal pathogens and predators. The effects of Hamiltonella-Rickettsiella coinfection on the respective abundance of the symbionts, host fitness and efficacy of enemy protection were studied. Asymmetrical interactions between the 2 protective symbionts have been found： when they coinfect the same aphid individuals, the Rickettsiella infection affected Hamiltonella abundance within hosts but not the Hamiltonella-mediated protective phenotype while the Hamiltonella infection negatively influences the Rickettsiella-mediated protective phenotype but not its abundance. Harboring the 2 protective symbionts also reduced the survival and fecundity of host individuals. Overall, this work highlights the effects of multiple infections on symbiont abundances and host traits that are likely to impact the maintenance of the symbiotic associations in natural habitats.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum Hamiltonella defensa host fitness multiple infections protective symbionts symbiont abundance

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Reflected solutions of backward stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第1期61卷 1-26页

作者： Hanwu Li Shige Peng Abdoulaye Soumana Hima School of Mathematics Shandong University Jinan 250100 China Zhongtai institute of Finance Shangdong University Jinan 250100 China institut de Recherche Mathdmatiques de rennes Universitd de Rennes 1 Rennes Cedex 35042 France departement de Mathdmatiques Universite de Maradi Maradi BP 465 Niger

in this paper, we study the reflected solutions of one-dimensional backward stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion. The reflection keeps the solution above a given stochastic process. in order to derive the uniqueness of reflected G-BSdes, we apply a "martingale condition" instead of the Skorohod condition. Similar to the classical case, we prove the existence by approximation via penalization. We then give some applications including a generalized Feynman-Kac formula of an obstacle problem for fully nonlinear partial differential equation and option pricing of American types under volatility uncertainty.

关键词： G-expectation reflected backward stochastic differential equations obstacle problems for fully nonlinear Pdes

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