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Can soil microbial diversity influence plant metabolites and life history traits of a rhizophagous insect？ A demonstration in oilseed rape

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1045-1056页

作者： Tom Lachaise Morgane Ourry Lionel Lebreton Anne-Yvonne Guillerm-Erckelboudt Juliette Linglin Chrystelle Paty Valerie Chaminade Nathalie Marnet Julie Aubert Denis Poinsot Anne-Marie Cortesero Christophe Mougel IGEPP Agrocampus Ouest INRA Universite de Rennes 1 Le Rheu France IGEPP Agrocampus Ouest INRA Universite de Rennes 1 Universite Bretagne-Loire Rennes France INRA UR1268 BIA-Le Rheu France INRA-AgroParisTech UMR 518 Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences-Paris France

Interactions between plants and phytophagous insects play an important part in shaping the biochemical composition of plants. Reciprocally plant metabolites can influ- ence major life history traits in these insects and largely contribute to their fitness. Plant rhizospheric microorganisms are an important biotic factor modulating plant metabolites and adaptation to stress. While plant-insects or plant-microorganisms interactions and their consequences on the plant metabolite signature are well-documented, the impact of soil microbial communities on plant defenses against phytophagous insects remains poorly known. In this study, we used oilseed rape （Brassica napus） and the cabbage root fly （Delia radicum） as biological models to tackle this question. Even though D. radicum is a belowground herbivore as a larva, its adult life history traits depend on aboveground signals. We therefore tested whether soil microbial diversity influenced emergence rate and fitness but also fly oviposition behavior, and tried to link possible effects to modifications in leaf and root metabolites. Through a removal-recolonization experiment, 3 soil microbial modalities （＂high,＂＂medium,＂＂low＂） were established and assessed through amplicon sequencing of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The ＂medium＂ modality in the rhizosphere significantly improved insect development traits. Plant-microorganism interactions were marginally associated to modulations of root metabolites profiles, which could partly explain these results. We highlighted the potential role of plant-microbial interaction in plant defenses against Delia radicum. Rhizospheric microbial communities must be taken into account when analyzing plant defenses against herbivores, being either below or aboveground.

关键词： Brassica napus Delia radicum life history traits plant primary and secondary metabolites rhizophagous pest soil microbial diversity

Hyperon weak radiative decay

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第1期45卷 1-15页

作者： Peng-Yu Niu Jean-Marc Richard Qian Wang Qiang Zhao Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China universite de lyon Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de LyonUBL-IN2P3-CNRS4rue Enrico Fermi69622 VilleurbanneFrance Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum MatterSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

We revisit the hyperon weak radiative decays in the framework of the non-relativistic constituent quark model. This study confirms the nonlocal feature of the hyperon weak radiative transition operators, which are dominated by the pole terms, and an overall self-consistent description of the available experimental data for the Cabibbofavored hyperon weak radiative decays is presented. It provides a natural mechanism for evading the Hara theorem,where sizeable parity-violating contributions can come from the intermediate orbital excitations. Cancellations between pole terms also explain the significant SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking manifested by the experimental data. We also discuss several interesting selection rules arising from either the electromagnetic or the weak interaction vertices. These features suggest nontrivial relations among various hyperon decays.

关键词： hyperon weak radiative decay quark model

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Forensic odontology identification response to terrorist attacks in Paris November 2015

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第3期5卷 214-222页

作者： Steve Toupenay Aida Ben Cheikh Bertrand Ludes Rufino Felizardo UFR Odontologie Universite de ParisParisFrance universite de Paris BABELCNRSInstitut Medico-Legal de ParisParisFrance

The terrorist attacks of November 2015 led to the immediate death of 129 victims admitted to the Legal and Forensic Medicine Institute of Paris,including 41 *** the Disaster Victim Identification(DVI)operations,22 bodies were examined by the postmortem(PM)dental team with the aim of establishing PM *** the same time,the dental expert in the antemortem(AM)unit collected a large number of dental files,progressively filtered as the list of missing persons became *** from these events has highlighted the difficulties of implementing the DVI chain principles in a legal framework,published the day before the attacks,and also the technical complexity of collecting dental data on a week end of *** return on experience after this event has represented a paradigm shift on previous methods of DVI in Paris and even more in ***,the victim identification procedure was redesigned,integrating new technical means such as a CT scan directly on spot,allowing the extraction of maxillofacial data as soon as possible in order to support the PM dental examination ***,the National Dental Council proceeded to the overall remodeling of the dental identification unit,which is composed of trained members,from local,regional and national *** forensic experts are dedicated,at the request of the legal authorities,to DVI operations and deployed throughout the country capable of managing AM and PM *** unit aims also to share experiences and awarenessraising among health professionals and investigators in order to optimize a better submission of AM elements and also to enhance the major interest of odontology as a primary identifier in disaster.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic odontology terrorist attack forensic identification disaster victim identification

Importing Manganese into the Chloroplast： Many Membranes to Cross

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Molecular Plant 2018年第9期11卷 1109-1111页

作者： Anja Krieger-Liszkay Sebastien Thomine Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (12BC) CEA CNRS Universite Paris-Sud Universite Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91198 France

Manganese （Mn） plays a wealth of roles in living systems. It is ubiquitously involved in the antioxidant response because of its ability to catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anions. In eukaryotic cells, Mn also plays a role in protein glycosylation in the secretory system. However, arguably, in photosynthetic organisms, the most important role of Mn is in the oxygen evolving complex at photosystem IL （PS Ⅱ）. Atthe global level, atmospheric oxygen is derived from the splitting of water, a reaction that relies strictly on the tetra-manganese cluster （Mn405Ca） bound to photosystem II at the lumen side of the thylakoid membrane.

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Assessment of Ozone or Not-Treated Wastewater Ecotoxicity Using Mechanism-Based and Zebrafish Embryo Bioassays

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第4期9卷 325-346页

作者： Adriana Wigh Selim Ait-Aissa Nicolas Creusot Hugo Terrisse Marie-Laure Delignette-Muller Alexandre Bergé Emmanuelle Vulliet Bruno Domenjoud Adriana Gonzalez-Ospina Vanessa Brosselin Alain Devaux Sylvie Bony universite de lyon INRA USC 1369CNRS UMR 5023 LEHNAVaulx-en-VelinFrance INERIS Unite d’Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)Verneuil-en-HalatteFrance universite de lyon CNRSUMR 5558Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie EvolutiveVilleurbanneFrance universite de lyon Vet Agro Sup Campus Veterinaire de LyonMarcy l’EtoileFrance universite de lyon Institut des Sciences AnalytiquesUMR5280 CNRSVilleurbanneFrance SUEZ International-Treatment Infrastructure Wastewater Technical DivisionRueil-MalmaisonFrance

Toxicity of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents is usually assessed with standardized bioassays, as e.g. the Fish Embryo Toxicity test (FET), but assessment of sub-lethal toxic effects requires to develop more adapted tests. The present work aimed to add the recording of several sub-lethal endpoints in exposed zebrafish embryo-larval stages in order to increase the sensitivity of residual toxicity evaluation of WWTP effluents using a semi-quantitative method (iFET score). This approach was complemented with the genotoxicity assessment on the exposed embryos, a sub-acute hazard particularly relevant to evaluate a potential chronic toxicity risk of low and multi-contaminated environmental matrices. Additionally, endocrine activities of effluents were quantified using human reporter cell lines. This test battery was applied to the assessment of the residual toxicity of five biological treatment effluents, further treated or not using various ozonation treatments intended to improve pharmaceutical compounds removal. Acute toxicity towards zebrafish embryos was very low. However, iFET score approach proposed was able to reveal residual toxicity through the presence of developmental abnormalities in all samples tested. Additionally, a low residual genotoxicity was measured in embryos exposed to two of the WWTP effluents when all excepted one exhibited a residual endocrine activity potential in the ng/L range providing complementary information on the occurrence of endocrine active chemicals and their reduction by different processes. To sum up, such a simplified and ecologically relevant test battery was found sensitive enough to characterize and differentiate various residual effluent’s ecotoxicity at contaminant levels of environmental concern.

关键词： Wastewater Ozonation Genotoxicity Endocrine Activity Zebrafish Early Life Stage Pharmaceutical Surfactant

Soliton excitations in a polariton condensate with defects

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第1期27卷 278-283页

作者： Abderahim Mahmoud Belounis Salem Kessal SNIRM Laboratory Faculty of Physics Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB)

To study soliton excitations in a polariton condensate with defects, we use the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and its hydrodynamic form. An extra term is added to take into account the non-equilibrium nature of the polariton condensate and the presence of defects. The reductive perturbation method transforms these hydrodynamic equations into a modified Korteweg-de Vries equation in the long wavelength limit. We linearize this equation and study the soliton linear excitations. We give an analytic expression of traveling excitations using the variation of constants method. In the more general form, we show numerically that the excitations are oscillations simultaneously hut in an opposite way. i.e., the amplitude and the width of the dark soliton oscillate

关键词： solitons polariton condensates reductive perturbation method

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The toxicity test and hypothetical model of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa helix4

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2002年第6期45卷 561-568页

作者：苏彦辉罗静初朱玉贤曲红张杰 Vachon Vincent Laprade Raynald Groupe de recheche en transport membranaire Universite de MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada

Development of targeted biological agents against agricultural insect pests is of prime importance for the elaboration and implementation of integrated pest management strategies that are environment-friendly, respectful of bio-diversity and safer to human health through reduced use of chemical pesticides. A major goal to understand how Bt toxins work is to elucidate the functions of their three domains. Domains II and III are involved in binding specificity and structural integrity, but the function of Domain I remains poorly understood. Using a Manduca sexta BBMV (brush border membrane vesicles) system, we analyzed its responses to Cry1Aa 15 single-point mutations with altered Domain I helix 4 residues. Light scattering assay showed that toxicity was almost lost in 3 mutants, and we observed significantly reduced toxicity in other 7 mutants. However, 5 mutants retained wild-type toxicity. Using computer software, we simulated the three-dimensional structures of helix 4. Both experimental and bioinformatic analysis showed that residues in Cry1Aa Domain I helix 4 were involved in the formation of ion channels that is critical for its insect toxicity.

关键词： Bt toxin proteins, light scattered assay, ion channel, molecular model.

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CONVERGENCE OF NUMERICAL SCHEMES FOR A CONSERVATION EQUATION WITH CONVECTION AND DEGENERATE DIFFUSION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第3期39卷 428-452页

作者： R.Eymard C.Guichard Xavier Lhebrard universite Gustave Eiffel Laboratoire d'nalyse et de Mathematiques Appliquees(UMR 8050)UGEUPECCNRSF-77454Mame-la-ValleeFrance Sorbonne universite Universite Paris-Diderot SPCCNRSInriaLaboratoire Jacques-Louis Lionsequipe ANGEF-75005 Paris Ecole Normale Superieure de Rennes France

The approximation of problems with linear convection and degenerate nonlinear difFusion,which arise in the framework of the transport of energy in porous media with thermodynamic transitions,is done usingθ-scheme based on the centred gradient discretisation *** convergence of the numerical scheme is proved,although the test functions which can be chosen are restricted by the weak regularity hypotheses on the convection field,owing to the application of a discrete Gronwall lemma and a general result for the time translate in the gradient discretisation *** numerical examples,using both the Control Volume Finite Element method and the Vertex Approximate Gradient scheme,show the role ofθfor stabilising the scheme.

关键词： Linear convection Degenerate diffusion Gradient discretisation method θ-scheme

Sampling via the aggregation value for data-driven manufacturing

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National Science Review 2022年第11期9卷 161-171页

作者： Xu Liu Gengxiang Chen Yingguang Li Lu Chen Qinglu Meng Charyar Mehdi-Souzani School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Nanjing Tech University College of Mechanical &Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics University Research Laboratory in Automated Production Ecole normale superieure Paris-SaclayUniversite Paris-SaclayUniversite Sorbonne Paris Nord

Data-driven modelling has shown promising potential in many industrial applications, while the expensive and time-consuming labelling of experimental and simulation data restricts its further *** a more informative but smaller dataset to reduce labelling efforts has been a vital research problem. Although existing techniques can assess the value of individual data samples, how to represent the value of a sample set remains an open problem. In this research, the aggregation value is defined using a novel representation for the value of a sample set by modelling the invisible redundant information as the overlaps of neighbouring values. The sampling problem is hence converted to the maximisation of the submodular function over the aggregation value. The comprehensive analysis of several manufacturing datasets demonstrates that the proposed method can provide sample sets with superior and stable performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. The research outcome also indicates its appealing potential to reduce labelling efforts for more data-scarcity scenarios.

关键词： data-driven modelling intelligent manufacturing data sampling data value