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Addressing Imbalance in Health Datasets: A New Method NR-Clustering SMOTE and Distance Metric Modification

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2931-2949页

作者： Hairani Hairani Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Didik Dwi Prasetya Afrig Aminuddin Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas BumigoraMataram83127Indonesia Department of Computer Graphic and Multimedia Faculty of ComputingCollege of Computing and Applied SciencesUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

An imbalanced dataset often challenges machine learning, particularly classification methods. Underrepresented minority classes can result in biased and inaccurate models. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was developed to address the problem of imbalanced data. Over time, several weaknesses of the SMOTE method have been identified in generating synthetic minority class data, such as overlapping, noise, and small disjuncts. However, these studies generally focus on only one of SMOTE’s weaknesses: noise or overlapping. Therefore, this study addresses both issues simultaneously by tackling noise and overlapping in SMOTE-generated data. This study proposes a combined approach of filtering, clustering, and distance modification to reduce noise and overlapping produced by SMOTE. Filtering removes minority class data (noise) located in majority class regions, with the k-nn method applied for filtering. The use of Noise Reduction (NR), which removes data that is considered noise before applying SMOTE, has a positive impact in overcoming data imbalance. Clustering establishes decision boundaries by partitioning data into clusters, allowing SMOTE with modified distance metrics to generate minority class data within each cluster. This SMOTE clustering and distance modification approach aims to minimize overlap in synthetic minority data that could introduce noise. The proposed method is called “NR-Clustering SMOTE,” which has several stages in balancing data: (1) filtering by removing minority classes close to majority classes (data noise) using the k-nn method;(2) clustering data using K-means aims to establish decision boundaries by partitioning data into several clusters;(3) applying SMOTE oversampling with Manhattan distance within each cluster. Test results indicate that the proposed NR-Clustering SMOTE method achieves the best performance across all evaluation metrics for classification methods such as Random Forest, SVM, and Naїve Bayes, compared t

关键词： SMOTE modification Clustering-SMOTE manhattan distance

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An Improved LSTM-PCA Ensemble Classifier for SQL Injection and XSS Attack Detection

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第8期46卷 1759-1774页

作者： Deris Stiawan Ali Bardadi Nurul Afifah Lisa Melinda Ahmad Heryanto Tri Wanda Septian Mohd Yazid Idris Imam Much Ibnu Subroto Lukman Rahmat Budiarto universitas Sriwijaya Palembang30319Indonesia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor81310Malaysia universitas islam sultan agung Semarang50112Indonesia Directorat General of Higher Education Research and Technology Jakarta10270Indonesia Albaha University Alaqiq65779-7738Saudi Arabia

The Repository Mahasiswa(RAMA)is a national repository of research reports in the form of final assignments,student projects,theses,dissertations,and research reports of lecturers or researchers that have not yet been published in journals,conferences,or integrated books from the scientific repository of universities and research institutes in *** increasing popularity of the RAMA Repository leads to security issues,including the two most widespread,vulnerable attacks i.e.,Structured Query Language(SQL)injection and cross-site scripting(XSS)*** attacker gaining access to data and performing unauthorized data modifications is extremely *** paper aims to provide an attack detection system for securing the repository portal from the abovementioned *** proposed system combines a Long Short–Term Memory and Principal Component Analysis(LSTM-PCA)model as a *** model can effectively solve the vanishing gradient problem caused by excessive positive *** experiment results show that the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 96.85%using an 80%:20%ratio of training data and testing *** rationale for this best achievement is that the LSTM’s Forget Gate works very well as the PCA supplies only selected features that are significantly relevant to the attacks’*** Forget Gate in LSTM is responsible for deciding which information should be kept for computing the cell state and which one is not relevant and can be *** addition,the LSTM’s Input Gate assists in finding out crucial information and stores specific relevant data in the memory.

关键词： LSTM PCA ensemble classifier SQL injection XSS

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Analysis of combustion characteristics and chemical properties for biocoke fuel

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第4期5卷 133-141页

作者： Asri Gani Mahidin Muhammad Faisal Erdiwansyah Hera Desvita Muhammad Alif Kinan Ikhlasul Khair Yeggi Darnas Rizalman Mamat Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Syiah KualaBanda Aceh23111Indonesia Faculty of Engineering Universitas Serambi MekkahBanda Aceh23245Indonesia Oil Palm and Coconut Research Center Universitas Syiah KualaBanda Aceh23111Indonesia Research Center for Chemistry National Research and Innovation AgencyB.J.Habibie Science and Techno ParkSerpongSouth TangerangBanten15314Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-RaniryBanda AcehJl.Syeikh Abdur Rauf Kopelma DarussalamBanda AcehAceh23111Indonesia Centre for Automotive Engineering University of Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah26600PekanMalaysia

Analyses of the characteristics and properties of biocoke fuel from several biomass wastes were carried out to determine the energy potential of the *** production in this research uses heating and pressure methods simultaneously under constant *** results using thermogravimetric analysis show that biocoke empty-fruit-bunches(EFB)have a higher energy potential of 26.57 MJ/***,mangrove biocoke recorded the lowest ash content at 1.81%compared to EFB at 5.09%.The carbon content of mangrove biocoke is 58.02%,slightly higher than that of EFB,56.70%,but EFB is higher than that of other ***,the energy content recorded in biocoke increased significantly compared to raw biomass.

关键词： Combustion characteristics Green energy Biocoke Bioenergy Energy production

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Secure Image Communication Using Galois Field,Hyper 3D Logistic Map,and B92 Quantum Protocol

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第12期81卷 4435-4463页

作者： De Rosal Ignatius Moses Setiadi Nova Rijati Ahmad Rofiqul Muslikh Bonifacius Vicky Indriyono Aceng Sambas Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Dian NuswantoroSemarang50131Central JavaIndonesia Research Center for Quantum Computing and Materials Informatics Faculty of Computer ScienceUniversitas Dian NuswantoroSemarang50131Central JavaIndonesia Faculty of Information Technology Universitas MerdekaMalang65146East JavaIndonesia Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas STRADA IndonesiaKediri64133East JavaIndonesia Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal AbidinCampus BesutBesut22200TerengganuMalaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah TasikmalayaTamansari GobrasTasikmalaya46196Indonesia

In this paper,we propose a novel secure image communication system that integrates quantum key distribution and hyperchaotic encryption techniques to ensure enhanced security for both key distribution and plaintext ***,we leverage the B92 Quantum Key Distribution(QKD)protocol to secure the distribution of encryption keys,which are further processed through Galois Field(GF(28))operations for increased *** encrypted plaintext is secured using a newly developed Hyper 3D Logistic Map(H3LM),a chaotic system that generates complex and unpredictable sequences,thereby ensuring strong confusion and diffusion in the encryption *** hybrid approach offers a robust defense against quantum and classical cryptographic attacks,combining the advantages of quantum-level key distribution with the unpredictability of hyperchaos-based *** proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity to key changes and resilience to noise,compression,and cropping attacks,ensuring both secure key transmission and robust image encryption.

关键词： Galois field hyper 3D logistic map hyperchaotic map image security improved logistic map secure communication quantum security

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Dynamical analysis,control,boundedness,and prediction for a fractional-order financial risk system

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第11期33卷 223-235页

作者： Kehao Yang Song Zheng Tianhu Yu Aceng Sambas Muhamad Deni Johansyah Hassan Saberi-Nik Mohamad Afendee Mohamed School of Data Science Zhejiang University of Finance & EconomicsHangzhou 310018China Department of Mathematics Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934China Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal AbidinBesut Campus22200TerengganuMalaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah TasikmalayaTasikmalayaJawa Barat46196Indonesia Department of Mathematics Universitas PadjajdaranJatinangorKabupaten Sumedang 45363Indonesia Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of NeyshaburNeyshabur ***Iran

This paper delves into the dynamical analysis,chaos control,Mittag–Leffler boundedness(MLB),and forecasting a fractional-order financial risk(FOFR)system through an absolute function *** this end,the FOFR system is first proposed,and the adomian decomposition method(ADM)is employed to resolve this fractional-order *** stability of equilibrium points and the corresponding control schemes are assessed,and several classical tools such as Lyapunov exponents(LE),bifurcation diagrams,complexity analysis(CA),and 0–1 test are further extended to analyze the dynamical behaviors of *** the global Mittag–Leffler attractive set(MLAS)and Mittag–Leffler positive invariant set(MLPIS)for the proposed financial risk(FR)system are ***,a proficient reservoir-computing(RC)method is applied to forecast the temporal evolution of the complex dynamics for the proposed system,and some simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the present scheme.

关键词： FOFR system dynamical analysis control boundedness forecasting

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Effects of Spark Energy on Spark Plug Fault Recognition in a Spark Ignition Engine

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 189-199页

作者： A.A.Azrin I.M.Yusri M.H.Mat Yasin A.Zainal Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia PahangPekan26600Malaysia Centre for Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia PahangPekan26600Malaysia Automotive Technology Center(ATeC) Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal AbidinDungun23000Malaysia Automotive Engineering Department Education Engineering FacultyUniversitas Negeri YogyakartaYogyakarta55281Indonesia

The increasing demands for fuel economy and emission reduction have led to the development of lean/diluted combustion strategies for modern Spark Ignition(SI)*** new generation of SI engines requires higher spark energy and a longer discharge duration to improve efficiency and reduce the ***,the increased spark energy gives negative impacts on the ignition system which results in deterioration of the spark ***,a numerical model was used to estimate the spark energy of the ignition system based on the breakdown *** trend of spark energy is then recognized by implementing the classification *** features were identified from the Information Gain(IG)scoring of the statistical analysis.k-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),Artificial Neural Network(ANN),and SupportVector Machine(SVM)models were studied to identify the best classifier for the classification *** all classifiers,the entire featured dataset was randomly divided into standardized parameter values of training and testing data sets with the ratio of 70-30 for each *** was shown in the study that the KNN classifier acquired the highest Classification Accuracy(CA)of 94.1%compared to ANN and SVM that score 77.3%and 87.9%on the test data,respectively.

关键词： Spark energy numerical model breakdown voltage fault recognition classification

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Overview of Jute Fibre as Thermoplastic Matrix Polymer Reinforcement

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 457-483页

作者： Tezara Cionita Mohammad Hazim Mohamad Hamdan Januar Parlaungan Siregar Deni Fajar Fitriyana Ramli Junid Wong Ling Shing Jamiluddin Jaafar Agustinus Purna Irawan Teuku Rihayat Rifky Ismail Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Emilianus Jehadus Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying INTI International UniversityNilaiNegeri Sembilan71800Malaysia Technical Department Dyna Forming Engineering Technology(DFETECH)SDN.BHD.SerembanNegeri Sembilan70300Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology UniversitiMalaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)PekanPahang26600Malaysia Automotive Engineering Center(AEC) UniversitiMalaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)PekanPahang26600Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Negeri SemarangKampus SekaranGunungpatiSemarang50229Indonesia Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekanPahang26600Malaysia Faculty of Health and Life Sciences INTI International UniversityNilai71800Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaParit RajaBatu PahatJohor86400Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Universitas TarumanagaraJakarta Barat11440Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Politeknik Negeri LhokseumaweLhokseumawe24301Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringDiponegoro UniversitySemarang50275Indonesia Department of Mathematics Education Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus RutengNusa Tenggara Timur8651Indonesia

Recent decades have seen a substantial increase in interest in research on natural fibres that is aligned with sustainable development goals(SDGs).Due to their renewable resources and biodegradability,natural fiberreinforced composites have been investigated as a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials to reduce the usage of hazardous waste and environmental *** the natural fibre,jute fibre obtained from a bast plant has an increasing trend in the application,especially as a reinforcement *** research works have been performed on jute fibre with regard to reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic ***,current demands on sustainable materials have required new developments in thermoplastic *** this paper,the author reviews jute plants as reinforcement materials for thermoplastic matrix *** review provides an overview of the sustainability of jute plants as reinforcement material for thermoplastic matrix *** overview on jute based thermoplastic composites focused on the thermal behavior and mechanical *** from physical,chemical,and mechanical properties,the study also covers the current and perspectives for future research challenges faced by the researchers on jute fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites.

关键词： Jute fibre sustainable development goals(SDGs) natural fibre thermoplastic composite sustainable manufacturing

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Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Crab Shell Using the Hydrothermal Method with Varying Holding Times

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第6期12卷 1145-1163页

作者： Deni Fajar Fitriyana Rifky Ismail Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Januar Parlaungan Siregar Tezara Cionita Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringDiponegoro UniversitySemarangJawa Tengah50275Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri SemarangGunung PatiSemarang50229Indonesia Center for Biomechanics BiomaterialBiomechatronicsand Biosignal Processing(CBIOM3s)Diponegoro UniversitySemarang50275Indonesia Automotive Engineering Center(AEC) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)PahangMalaysia Faculty of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying INTI International UniversityNilaiMalaysia

Hydroxyapatite(HA)is a bio ceramic commonly utilized in bone tissue engineering due to its bioactive and osteoconductive *** shells are usually disregarded as waste material despite their significant CaCO_(3) content,and have not been widely utilized in the synthesis of *** study aims to synthesize and analyze HA derived from crab shells using the hydrothermal method with different durations of holding *** study utilized precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC)derived from crab *** a hydrothermal reactor set at 160℃ and varying holding times of 14(HA_14),16(HA_16),and 18(HA_18)h,a PCC and(NH4)2HPO4 mixture was used to synthesize *** synthesis results were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)*** study has accomplished the synthesis of HA from crab ***,the final product of synthesis still contained CaCO_(3) as an *** prolonged hydrothermal holding time of 14 to 18 h resulted in a reduction of impurities while increasing the percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size of *** CH_18 is the best-quality product generated in this *** specimen produced HA with the highest percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size compared to the other ***,specimen CH_18 exhibited the lowest concentration of *** Ca/P ratio in this specimen was also the closest to *** Ca/P ratio,crystallite size,and crystal weight percentage of this specimen are 1.54,19.06 nm,and 99.1%,respectively.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite crab shells CaCO_(3) hydrothermal holding time

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Novel energy recovery from an integrated municipal solid waste and leachate treatment system

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 53-61页

作者： Siti Salwa Khamis Hadi Purwanto Hamzah Mohd Salleh Alya Naili Rozhan Mohamed Abdur Rahman Mahammadsalman Warimani Noor Alam Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak53100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Engineering Management Universitas Internasional Semen IndonesiaGresikIndonesia Halalan Thayyiban Research Centre Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic UniversityBandar Seri BegawanBrunei Department of Mechanical Engineering P.A.College of EngineeringMangaloreKarnataka574153India Department of Mechanical Engineering Malaysia-Japan International Institute of TechnologyUniversity of Technology Malaysia54100Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Population growth,waste generation,and massive waste mismanagement have led to environmental *** of municipal solid waste(MSW)requires an efficient and sustainable integrated *** integrated thermal processing of MSW is one of the best waste management *** this study,energy analysis of MSW is carried out based on the material and energy balance of 2000 kg wet MSW,which contains 50%*** the leachate is removed,the dry MSW is sent for carbon content enhancement in carbonization to produce MSW-based ***,the combustion of MSW-based char provided high heat and syngas to be used in a hydrothermal process for MSW leachate *** result shows that the char fuel of MSW produces a sufficient amount of energy,13501.29 MJ(84.55%),in the form of synthetic gas by-product,which has a big potential as an energy *** novelty of the proposed integrated thermal system is to produce 84.55%synthetic gas by-product,which is used for electricity production,cooking,food,and heat energy for industrial *** proposed applications of this paper offer insightful information for policymaking regarding novel MSW techniques,which are economical,energy-efficient,and environmentally ***,it increases the effectiveness of MSW utilization.

关键词： Energy Carbonization Hydrothermal Municipal solid waste Integrated system

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Secure Communication Scheme based on A New Hyperchaotic System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1019-1035页

作者： Khaled Benkouider Aceng Sambas Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman Mustafa Mamat Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Non Destructive Testing Laboratory Automatic DepartmentJijel UniversityBP.9818000JijelAlgeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah TasikmalayaTasikmalayaWest Java46196Indonesia School of Quantitative Sciences College of Art and SciencesUniversiti Utara MalaysiaSintok06010KedahMalaysia Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal AbidinBesut Campus22200Kuala BesutTerengganuMalaysia Department of Mathematics College of Arts and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Aldawaser11991Saudi Arabia

This study introduces a new continuous time differential system,which contains ten terms with three quadratic *** new system can demonstrate hyperchaotic,chaotic,quasi-periodic,and periodic behaviors for its different parameter *** theoretical and numerical analysis are investigated to confirm the complex hyperchaotic behavior of our proposed model using many tools that include Kaplan-Yorke dimension,equilibrium points stability,bifurcation diagrams,and Lyapunov *** means of Multisim software,the authors also designed an electronic circuit to confirm our proposed systems’physical *** and Multisim simulation results excellently agree with each other,which validate the feasibility of our new ten terms hyperchaotic system and make it very desirable to use in different domains especially in chaotic-based ***,by employing the drive response synchronisation,we developed a secure communication strategy for the proposed *** from the proposed scheme show that the proposed approach was successful in completing the encryption and decryption procedure.

关键词： Hyperchaotic system synchronization circuit design secure communication system

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