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Multi-Compartment SCFA Quantification in Human

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第6期15卷 177-200页

作者： Jérémy Monteiro Antoine Lefèvre Diane Dufour-Rainfray Adeline Oury Gabrielle Chicheri Laurent Galineau Hélène Blasco Lydie Nadal-desbarats Patrick Emond Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253 Universit de Tours INSERM MetaboHub Tours Tours France CHRU de tours Service de Mdecine Nuclaire in Vitro Tours France Service de Biochimie et Biologie Molculaire CHRU Tours France

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role in human biochemistry. They originate primarily from the digestive system through carbohydrates microbial fermentation. Most SCFA produced in the colon are absorbed by the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream to be distributed throughout the body for multiple purposes. At the intestinal level, SCFA play a role in controlling fat storage and fatty acid metabolism. The effects of these beneficial compounds therefore concern overall health. They facilitate energy expenditure and are valuable allies in the fight against obesity and diabetes. SCFA are also involved in the regulation of the levels of several neurotransmitters such as GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Their role is also highlighted in many inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD). To have a realistic picture of the distribution of SCFA in different biological compartments of the human body, we propose to study SCFA simultaneously in five human biological samples: feces, saliva, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in Dried Blood Spot (DBS). To evaluate their concentration and repeatability, we used 10 aliquots from pooled samples, analyzed by 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH) derivation and liquid chromatography coupled with high sensitivity mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS). We also evaluated the SCFA assay on Dried Blood Spot (DBS). In this work, we adapted the pre-analytical parts for each sample to be able to use a common calibration curve, thus facilitating multi-assay quantification studies and so being less time-consuming. Moreover, we proposed new daughter ions from the same neutral loss (43 Da) to quantify SCFAs, thus improving the sensitivity. In conclusion, our methodology, based on a unique calibration curve for all samples for each SCFA, is well-suited to quantified them in a clinical context.

关键词： LC-MS 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine Short-Chain Fatty Acids Human Biological Samples Quantification

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Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with inhaled antibiotics

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 165-168页

作者： Stephan Ehrmann Jie Li Intensive Care Medicine INSERM CIC 1415CRICS-TriggerSep FCRIN research networkUniversity Hospital Center in ToursTours 37044France Respiratory Pathology Research Center National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchTours 37000France department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences Division of Respiratory CareRush UniversityChicago 60612USA

The direct delivery of inhaled antibiotics to the respiratory tract has been a subject of enduring interest among medical practitioners and researchers due to the associated favorable pharmacokinetics.This interest has been particularly pronounced in the context of critically illpatients,wherehealthcare-associatedpulmonary infections represent a significant challenge,driving continued exploration of inhaled antibiotics for intubated patients.Recent high-level evidence has shown a very promising application in the field of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention.^([1]).

关键词： pneumonia ventilator respiratory

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Small dissymmetry, yet large effects on the transport propertiesof electrolytes based on imide salts: Consequences on performancein Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 352-366页

作者： Joseph Chidiac Laure Timperman Mérièm Anouti Laboratoire PCM2E Universitéde ToursParc de Grandmont37200 ToursFrance

To gain better insight into the influence of the anion size and symmetry on the transport properties and thermal stability of an electrolyte based on lithium(fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide(FTFSI)salt,we performed the physical and electrochemical characterization of an electrolyte based on FTFSI incorporated in standard binary(3 EC/7 EMC)and ternary(EC/PC/3 DMC)alkylcarbonate mixtures.By applying the Jones-Dole-Kaminsky(JDK),Eyring and Arrhenius empirical models to the electrolyte viscosity we show that the activation enthalpy and entropy energy barriers(ΔH≠,ΔS≠)for viscous flow are between 12 and 15 kJ·mol^(-1).They are strongly dependent on the solvent nature and are significantly lower than their symmetric anions LiFSI and LiTFSI(19-20 kJ·mol^(-1))in the binary mixture.Furthermore,the hydrodynamic radius,rs,calculated by JDK,and the ionicity behavior illustrated by the Walden role,showed that the FTFSI anion is outside the solvation sphere(rs>0.6 nm)which is smaller in the case of an EC/EMC solvent base.In the 3 EC/7 EMC solvent mixture,LiFTFSI is less conductive than in the ternary mixture i.e.,σ_(max)=8.9 mS cm^(-1) at C_(max)=1.1 mol L^(-1) for 3 EC/7 EMC and,σ_(max)=10.5 mS cm^(-1) at max=0.7 mol L^(-1) for EC/PC/3 DMC,due to a strong solvation and a greater association of FTFSI ions in the binary solvent mixture.The thermal stability of FTFSI based electrolytes was determined by the shift of the evaporation temperature of the volatile solvents(DMC,EMC)in the presence of salt,towards the higher temperatures.This feature is visible on the thermograms obtained by DSC both with the liquid electrolyte and with charged LMO cathodes in presence of electrolytes.The consequences of these properties on the electrochemical behavior of a graphite(Gr)half-cell,a lithium metal(Li)anode and a manganese lithium oxide(LMO)cathode demonstrated on the one hand the formation of a thick solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on graphite that consumed a significant amount of lithium i.e.,18%of total capacity of the f

关键词： LiFTFSI Electrolyte Viscosity Interface Li-ion battery

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Punch‑excised explants of bovine mammary gland to model early immune response to infection

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2649-2662页

作者： Pablo Gomes Noleto Florence B.Gilbert Christelle Rossignol Patricia Cunha Pierre Germon Pascal Rainard Rodrigo Prado Martins ISP INRAEUniversitéde ToursUMR1282NouzillyFrance

Background Mammary gland(MG)infections(mastitis)are frequent diseases of dairy cows that affect milk quality,animal welfare and farming profitability.These infections are commonly associated with the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Different in vitro models have been used to investigate the early response of the MG to bacteria,but the role of the teat in mastitis pathogenesis has received less attention.In this study,we used punch-excised teat tissue as an ex vivo model to study the immune mechanisms that arise early during infection when bacteria have entered the MG.Results Cytotoxicity and microscopic analyses showed that bovine teat sinus explants have their morphology and viability preserved after 24 h of culture and respond to ex vivo stimulation with TLR-agonists and bacteria.LPS and E.coli trigger stronger inflammatory response in teat when compared to LTA and S.aureus,leading to a higher produc-tion of IL-6 and IL-8,as well as to an up-regulation of proinflammatory genes.We also demonstrated that our ex vivo model can be applied to frozen-stored explants.Conclusions In compliance with the 3Rs principle(replacement,reduction and refinement)in animal experimenta-tion,ex vivo explant analyses proved to be a simple and affordable approach to study MG immune response to infec-tion.This model,which better reproduces organ complexity than epithelial cell cultures or tissue slices,lends itself particularly well to studying the early phases of the MG immune response to infection.

关键词： Bovine teat Escherichia coli Explant Mastitis Staphylococcus aureus 3Rs

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Earwig mothers consume the feces of their juveniles during family life

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 595-602页

作者： Sophie Van Meyel Séverine devers Joël Meunier Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261CNRSUniversity of ToursToursFrance

Many animals consume the feces of their conspecifics.This allo-coprophagy can have benefits,such as access to nutrients and symbionts,but also risks for consumers,mainly due to direct contact with pathogens that develop on feces.In the European earwig Forficula auricularia,mothers and juveniles live in nests lined with their feces.This surprising habit allows juveniles to consume the feces of their siblings during family life and provides them with nutritional benefits when mothers provide low care.However,it was unclear whether earwig mothers also practice allo-coprophagy,and whether this behavior is motivated by their nutritional needs.Here,we set up four types of experimental families in which we manipulated the nutritional needs of mothers and/or juveniles and measured the effects on the production of feces by the juveniles,and the consumption of these feces by the mothers.Our results first show that fed juveniles produced more feces pellet in presence of fed compared to food-deprived mothers.We also found that,overall,about 50%of the mothers consumed juveniles feces.This consumption was both more likely and larger when the feces were produced by fed compared to food-deprived juveniles,while the proportion of feces pellets eaten was larger in food-deprived compared to fed mothers.Overall,our results reveal that allo-coprophagy involves every family member and suggest that it can have both nutritional and non-nutritional benefits for earwig mothers.Allo-coprophagy could thus favor the maintenance of mothers in the nest and,more generally,promote the early evolution of family life.

关键词： cooperation coprophagy dermaptera family life parental care

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Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment in a rat model of Huntington's disease and involvement of heme oxygenase-1

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 737-741页

作者： Laura Foucault-Fruchard Claire Tronel Sylvie Bodard Zuhal Gulhan Julie Busson Sylvie Chalon Daniel Antier UMR 1253 iBrainUniversité de Tours CHRU de tours H?pital Bretonneau

Neuroinflammation is a common element involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.We recently reported that repeated alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor（α7 n ACh R） activations by a potent agonist such as PHA 543613 in quinolinic acid-injured rats exhibited protective effects on neurons.To further investigate the underlying mechanism,we established rat models of early-stage Huntington＇s disease by injection of quinolinic acid into the right striatum and then intraperitoneally injected 12 mg/kg PHA 543613 or sterile water,twice a day during 4 days.Western blot assay results showed that the expression of heme oxygenase-1（HO-1）,the key component of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,in the right striatum of rat models of Huntington＇s disease subjected to intraperitoneal injection of PHA 543613 for 4 days was significantly increased compared to the control rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of sterile water,and that the increase in HO-1 expression was independent of change in α7 n ACh R expression.These findings suggest that HO-1 expression is unrelated to α7 n ACh R density and the increase in HO-1 expression likely contributes to α7 n ACh R activation-related neuroprotective effect in early-stage Huntington＇s disease.

关键词： alpha 7 nicotinic receptor PHA 543613 quinolinic acid cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway neuroinflammation neurodegenerative disease

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Is it possible to use the HCR-20 V2 to assess the risk of violent recidivism of French offenders?

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 402-411页

作者： Ingrid Bertsch Robert Courtois Elodie Gallard Christian Réveillère Thierry H.Pham department of Psychology EE 1901 Qualipsy(Qualitéde vie et santépsychologique)University of ToursToursFrance Centre Ressource pour les Intervenants auprès des Auteurs de Violences Sexuelles Centre Val-de-Loire CHRU de ToursToursFrance Centre de Recherche en Défense Sociale CRDSTournaiBelgium detention Center of Mauzac Mauzac-et-Grand-CastangFrance department of Forensic Psychology University of Mons-HainautMonsBelgium

The Historical-Clinical-Risk Management Scale 20(HCR-20)is a structured tool to assess the risk of violence and assist in its management.French professionals are reluctant to use it because only a few studies have shown its psychometric qualities with French samples.The objective of this study is to test the psychometric qualities of the HCR-20 with samples of violent detainees in France.The HCR-20 and Level of Service/Case Management Inventory(LS/CMI)were administered to 128 violent offenders with an average age of(44.16±12.30)years.We evaluated the reliability,internal consistency and validity of the HCR-20 and conducted an exploratory factor analysis.The results show that the HCR-20 has good psychometric qualities with a sample of French prisoners.Only the Risk domain presents weak results due to the data collection locations and the participants’age.Correlations were observed between certain factors.The exploratory factor analysis shows four factors explaining 44%of the variance.The continuation of this work will enable French professionals to use sound tools to assess the risk of recidivism.

关键词： HCR-20 assessment recidivism risk violence

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Anion effect on Li/Na/K hybrid electrolytes for Graphite//NCA(LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_(2))Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 451-462,I0012页

作者： Aiman Jrondi Georgios Nikiforidis Meriem Anouti Laboratoire PCM2E Universite de ToursFaculte des sciences et technologiePare de Grandmont37200 ToursFrance LE STUDIUM Institute for Advanced Studies 45000 OrleansFrance

The electrolyte is an essential component of a battery system since it is responsible for the conduction of ions between the electrodes.In the quest for cheaper alternatives to common organic electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries(LIB),we formulated hybrid electrolytes comprising a mixture of Na,K,and Li alkaline salts with ethylene carbonate(EC),ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC),and lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF_(6)),giving a total salt concentration of 1.5 M;we determined their physicochemical properties and investigated their electrochemical behavior on a nickel cobalt aluminum oxide(NCA)cathode and graphite(Gr)anode.The electrolytes demonstrated a melting transition peak(T_(m)).eutectic behavior,and ionic conductivities(-13 mS cm^(-1))close to those of a commercial LIB electrolyte(SE,EC/EMC+1 M LiPF_(6))and activation energies of ca.3 kJ mol^(-1).The half-cell coin cells revealed high coulombic efficiency(99%),specific capacity(175 mAh g^(-1) at C/10),and capacity retention(92% for NaCF_(3)SO_(3))for the NCA cathode and a moderate performance(coulombic efficiency of 98%for 20 cycles)on the graphite anode after the formation of the SEI layer.The hybrid electrolytes were cycled at 25℃ in a Gr//NCA cell yielding specific capacities of ca.225 mAh g^(-1) at a C/5 rate,corroborating that the anion plays a key role and highlighting their potential for energy storage applications.

关键词： Hybrid electrolyte Alkali salts NCA//Li cell Li-ion battery

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Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a therapy combining agonists of nicotinic α7 and σ1 receptors in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1099-1104页

作者： Steven Vetel Laura Foucault-Fruchard Claire Tronel Frédéric Buron Jackie Vergote Sylvie Bodard Sylvain Routier Sophie Sérrière Sylvie Chalon UMR 1253 iBrainUniversitéde ToursInsermToursFrance CHU tours Service pharmacieToursFrance Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOAUMR CNRS 7311Universitéd’OrléansOrléansFrance

To date there is no treatment able to stop or slow down the loss of dopaminergic neurons that characterizes Parkinson’s disease.It was recently observed in a rodent model of Alzheimer’s disease that the interaction between the α7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7-nAChR)and sigma-1 receptor(σ1-R)could exert neuroprotective effects through the modulation of neuroinflammation which is one of the key components of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease.In this context,the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the concomitant administration of N-(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(PHA)543613 as an α7-nAChR agonist and 2-(4-morpholinethyl)1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate(PRE)-084 as aσ1-R agonist in a well-characterized 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson’s disease.The animals received either vehicle separately or the dual therapy PHA/PRE once a day until day 14 postlesion.Although no effect was noticed in the amphetamine-induced rotation test,our data has shown that the PHA/PRE treatment induced partial protection of the dopaminergic neurons(15-20%),assessed by the dopamine transporter density in the striatum and immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra.Furthermore,this dual therapy reduced the degree of glial activation consecutive to the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion,i.e,the 18 kDa translocation protein density and glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in the striatum,and the CD11b and glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in the substantia nigra.Hence,this study reports for the first time that concomitant activation of α7-nAChR andσ1-R can provide a partial recovery of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons through the modulation of microglial activation.The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee(CEEA Val de Loire n°19)validated this protocol(Authorization N°00434.02)on May 15,2014.

关键词： 6-hydroxydopamine astrocytes microglial activation neurodegeneration neuroinflammation nicotinicα7 receptor Parkinson’s disease PHA 543613 PRE-084 sigma-1 receptor

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development of a multiprimer metabarcoding approach to understanding trophic interactions in agroecosystems

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1195-1210页

作者： Ivan Batuecas Oscar Alomar Cristina Castañe Josep Piñol Stéphane Boyer Lorena Gallardo-Montoya Nuria Agustí IRTA Sustainable Plant ProtectionCabrilsBarcelonaSpain universitat Autònoma Barcelona Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte(IRBI) Tours UniversityToursFrance

To understand trophic interactions and the precise ecological role of each predatory species,it is important to know which arthropod and plant resources are used by generalist predators in agroecosystems.Molecular approaches,such as the use of high-throughput sequencing(HTS),play a key role in identifying these resources.This study develops a multiprimer metabarcoding approach for screening the most common trophic interactions of two predatory arthropods with contrasting morphologies,Rhagonycha fulva(Coleoptera:Cantharidae)and Anthocoris nemoralis(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)collected from a peach crop.To reduce the time and cost of this metabarcoding approach,we first evaluated the effect of using two different predator-pools of different size(10 and 23 individuals of the same species).We also used our system to analyze the performance of one and two primer pairs in the same library.Our results show that the analysis of 23 individuals together with the use of two primer pairs in the same library optimize the HTS analysis.Using these best-performing conditions,we then analyzed the entire bodies of field-collected predators as well as the washing solutions used to clean the insect bodies.We were able to identify both gut content(i.e.,diet)and external pollen load(i.e.,on the insects’bodies).This study also demonstrates the importance of washing predatory insects’bodies prior to HTS analysis when the target species have a considerable size(>10 mm)and hairy structures.This metabarcoding approach has significant potential for the study of trophic links in agriculture,revealing expected and unexpected trophic relationships.

关键词： high-throug hput sequencing metabarcoding molecular diet analysis multiprimer approach predatory arthropods trophic interactions

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