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Catalytic decomposition performance for O_3 and NO_2 in humid indoor air on a MnO_x/Al_2O_3 catalyst modified by a cost-effective chemical grafting method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 58-70页

作者： Longwen Chen Michel Ondarts Jonathan Outin Yves Gonthier Evelyne Gonze université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d'Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement(LOCIE)

Processes based on non-thermal plasma（NTP） for indoor air treatment inevitably lead to the formation of toxic by-products such as ozone（O3） and nitrogen oxides（NOx）. Adding a step of heterogeneous catalysis in series with NTP could allow for the decomposition of the by-products. Therefore, different catalysts were developed based on transition metal oxides, such as NiOx, CoOxand MnOxwith different weight percentage 1, 5 and 10 wt.%,deposited on a γ-Al2O3 support. The O3 removal efficiency（ORE） and the NOxremoval efficiency（NRE） were very encouraging in dry air： about 65% and 80%, respectively, by using2 g 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst under the experimental conditions. However, strongly negative effects of relative humidity（RH） on the catalytic decomposition performance were observed. To overcome this limitation, the catalyst surface was modified to make it hydrophobic using a cost-effective chemical grafting method. This treatment consisted in impregnating the 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst with different trichloro（alkyl）silanes（TCAS）.The effects of different linker lengths and amounts of TCAS for the hydrophobicity and the decomposition performance of surface-modified catalysts under humid conditions were investigated. Our results show that the surface-modified catalyst with the shortest linker and 0.25 mmol/gcatof modifying agent represents the best catalytic decomposition performance for O3. Its ORE is 41% at 60% RH, which is twice that of the non-modified catalyst.

关键词： Indoor air treatment Non-thermal plasma MnOx/Al2O3catalyst Surface modification Ozone

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Integration of piezoelectric transducers(PZT and PVDF)within polymer-matrix composites for structural health monitoring applications:new success and challenges

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2020年第4期11卷 343-369页

作者： C.Tuloup W.Harizi Z.Aboura Y.Meyer Roberval(Mechanics Energy and Electricity)Universitéde Technologie de CompiègneCNRSCentre de Recherche RoyallieuCompiègne CedexFrance savoie SYMME Systems Laboratory Mechatronics and MaterialsUniversitéSavoie Mont-BlancChambéryFrance

This article investigates the interest of using in-situ piezoelectric(PZT and PVDF)disks to perform real-time Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites submitted to var-ious tensile *** goal is to evaluate the working range and SHM potential of such embedded transducers for relatively simple mechanical loadings,with the long-term aim of using them to monitor complete 3D structures submitted to more complex *** is performed acquiring the electrical capacitance variation of the embedded *** study the potential links between the insitu capacitance signal and the global response of the loaded host specimens,a multi-instrumentation composed of external Nondestructive Testing techniques was implemented on the surfaces of the specimens to search for multi-physical couplings between these external measurements and the capacitance *** confirmed the non-intrusiveness of the embedded transducers,and allowed estimating their working *** capacitance signal follows well the mechanical loadings,but the piezoceramic transducer gets damaged after a determined relatively low strain level due to its *** limits of this working domain are extended by using a stretchable PolyVinylidene Fluoride(PVDF)polymer transducer,allowing this one to perform in-situ and real-time SHM of its host tensile specimens until failure.

关键词： Polymer-matrix composites(PMCs) in-situ piezoelectric transducer structural health monitoring nondestructive testing tensile loading PZT PVDF

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A history of tourism at the Mer de Glace: Adaptations of glacier tourism to glacier fluctuations since 1741

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第8期18卷 1977-1994页

作者： Emmanuel SALIM Laura MABBOUX Ludovic RAVANEL Philip DELINE Christophe GAUCHON Univ.savoie-mont-blanc CNRSEdytem73376Le Bourget-du-LacFrance university of Lausanne CIRM1967BramoisSwitzerland

Climate change induces profound changes in mountain territories that affect the activities pursued *** is one activity that is strongly impacted by these *** research on tourism in mountain regions has focused on winter sports tourism,but glacier tourism,a summer activity,is also severely affected by climate change-induced phenomena,including glacier retreat and other geomorphological *** that Alpine glacier tourism has been pursued since the 18th century and glaciers have been changing throughout this period,this article aims to examine the adaptations implemented by glacier tourism operators since the activity’s *** analysis of historical documents,glaciological surveys and semi-structured interviews,this paper reveals how tourism activities around the Mer de Glace(the largest French glacier)have been impacted by glacier fluctuations since the first visit to the area in *** study reveals that these developments have mainly been driven by glacier retreat and associated paraglacial *** recently,the shortening of the period of snow cover on the glacier has also impacted tourism *** of the adaptation strategies implemented by tourism operators during the period in question are found to be reactive,consisting in the installation of safety equipment,the renovation of access points or the building of new structures to allow tourist activities to continue despite the consequences of glacier *** strategies,such as the adoption of new activities by workers previously specialised in another,are identified that could be considered transformative strategies,although these were only adopted by workers when their activity was no longer *** analysis of materials from 1741 to the present also reveals that the recent impacts of climate change on glacier tourism are much more significant and diverse than those produced by past ***,it is important that stakeholders take suit

关键词： Climate change Glacier tourism Adaptation Sustainability Mer de Glace Historical geography

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The Role of Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 107-116页

作者： Juergen Weichselgartner Patrick Pigeon Department of Architecture and Urban Studies Politecnico di Milano Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Department of Geography Savoie-Mont-Blanc University

Disaster risk reduction policy and practice require knowledge for informed decision making and coordinated action. Although the knowledge production and implementation processes are critical for disaster risk reduction, these issues are seldom systematically addressed in-depth in disaster studies and policy programs. While efforts and improvements have been made with regard to data and information, only limited resources are committed to improving knowledge management structures and integrating knowledge systems at different spatial levels. The recently adopted Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 addresses knowledge-related issues and provides the opportunity to highlight the critical role of knowledge in disaster risk reduction. This article presents insights into potential conceptualizations of knowledge that would advance disaster research and policy. We use cases from France to illustrate challenges of and pathways to disaster risk reduction. We suggest to further strengthen efforts that improve our understanding of the connections between disaster risk, knowledge, and learning. A better integration of multiple scales, different societal actors,various knowledge sources, and diverse disciplines into disaster risk research will increase its relevance for decision-makers in policy and practice. Well-targeted incentives and political backing will improve the coherence,coordination, and sharing of knowledge among various actors and arenas.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction France Information management Knowledge systems Natural hazards Risk prevention

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Electrochemical hydrogen compression and purification versus competing technologies: Part Ⅰ. Pros and cons

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2020年第5期41卷 756-769页

作者： Maha Rhandi Marine Trégaro Florence Druart Jonathan Deseure Marian Chatenet Univ.savoie mont blanc CNRSGrenoble-INPLEPMI38000 GrenobleFrance

It is undisputed that hydrogen will play a great role in our future energetic mix, because it enables the storage of renewable electricity(power-to-H2) and the reversible conversion into electricity in fuel cell, not to speak of its wide use in the(petro)chemical industry. Whereas in these applications, pure hydrogen is required, today’s hydrogen production is still largely based on fossil fuels and can therefore not be considered pure. Therefore, purification of hydrogen is mandatory, at a large scale. In addition, hydrogen being the lightest gas, its volumetric energy content is well-below its competing fuels, unless it is compressed at high pressures(typically 70 MPa), making compression unavoidable as well. This contribution will detail the means available today for both purification and for compression of hydrogen. It will show that among the available technologies, the electrochemical hydrogen compressor(EHC), which also enables hydrogen purification, has numerous advantages compared to the classical technologies currently used at the industrial scale. EHC has their thermodynamic and operational advantages, but also their ease of use. However, the deployment of EHCs will be viable only if they reach sufficient performances, which implies some specifications that their base materials should stick to. The present contribution will detail these specifications.

关键词： Electrochemical hydrogen compression Hydrogen energy Electrochemical hydrogen purification Thermdynamics Efficiency

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Dispersive Shallow Water Wave *** II:Numerical Simulation on a Globally Flat Space

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Communications in Computational Physics 2018年第1期23卷 30-92页

作者： Gayaz Khakimzyanov Denys Dutykh Oleg Gusev Nina Yu.Shokina Institute of Computational Technologies Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk 630090Russia LAMA UMR 5127 CNRSUniversitéSavoie Mont BlancCampus Scientifique73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac CedexFrance

In this paper we describe a numerical method to solve numerically the weakly dispersive fully nonlinear SERRE-GREEN-NAGHDI(SGN)celebrated ***,our scheme is based on reliable finite volume methods,proven to be very efficient for the hyperbolic part of *** particularity of our study is that we develop an adaptive numerical model using moving ***,we use a special form of the SGN equations where non-hydrostatic part of pressure is found by solving a linear elliptic ***,this form of governing equations allows to determine the natural form of boundary conditions to obtain a well-posed(numerical)problem.

关键词： Nonlinear dispersive waves non-hydrostatic pressure moving adaptive grids finite volumes conservative finite differences

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Characterization of phosphorus interaction with sediments affected by acid mine drainage-relation with the sediment composition

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第4期32卷 481-486页

作者： Lamia Boukemara Chahrazed Boukhalfa Sarah Azzouz Laurence Reinert Laurent Duclaux Abdeltif Amrane Anthony Szymczyk Laboratory of Pollution and Water Treatment Chemistry Department University Mentouri Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment Universiry Savoie Mont Blanc Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes Université Rennes1CNRS

Phosphorus sorption capacity was investigated in surface sediments derived from an abandoned zinclead mine area located in northeastern Algeria. The forms and the distribution of phosphorus in the raw sediment were identified using the sequential chemical extractions method. Batch experiments were done to study the adsorption kinetics and isotherms. The pH effect was evaluated by macroscopic and infrared analyses. In raw sediment, speciation results show that phosphorus is dominantly bound to oxyhydroxides. Sorption experiments demonstrate that phosphorus uptake is principally related to sediment composition. The nature of the dominant iron oxyhydroxide has a substantial role in the adsorption capacity and the mechanism interaction. The adsorption kinetics can be described by the second order and Elovich models. The isotherms data are successfully modeled by the Temkin *** maximum phosphorus removal is reached under acidic pH. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that the predominance of jarosite implies electrostatic interaction with sediment particles. However, in the case of schwertmannite predominance, phosphate ions are adsorbed by the ligand exchange mechanism.

关键词： Phosphorus Adsorption Mine sediments Sorption kinetics Sorption isotherm

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Electrochemical hydrogen compression and purification versus competing technologies: Part Ⅱ. Challenges in electrocatalysis

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2020年第5期41卷 770-782页

作者： Marine Trégaro Maha Rhandi Florence Druart Jonathan Deseure Marian Chatenet Univ.Grenoble Alpes Univ.Savoie Mont BlancCNRSGrenoble-INPLEPMI38000 GrenobleFrance

Hydrogen will be at the basis of the World’s energy policy in forthcoming decades, owing to its decarbonized nature, at least when produced from renewables. For now, hydrogen is still essentially produced from fossil feedstock(and to a minor extent from biomass);in consequence the present hydrogen gas on the market is containing non-negligible amounts of impurities that prevent its immediate usage in specialty chemistry or as an energy carrier in fuel cells, e.g. in transportation applications(cars, buses, trains, boats, etc.) that gradually spread on the planet. For these purposes, hydrogen must be of sufficient purity but also sufficiently compressed(at high pressures, typically 70 MPa), rendering purification and compression steps unavoidable in the hydrogen cycle. As shown in the first part of this contribution "Electrochemical hydrogen compression and purification versus competing technologies: Part I. pros and cons", electrochemical hydrogen compressors(EHCs), which enable both hydrogen purification and compression, exhibit many theoretical(thermodynamic) and practical(kinetics) advantages over their mechanical counterparts. However, in order to be competitive, EHCs must operate in very intensive conditions(high current density and low cell voltage) that can only be reached if their core materials, e.g. the membrane and the electrodes/electrocatalysts, are optimized. This contribution will particularly focus on the properties electrocatalysts must exhibit to be used in EHCs: they shall promote(very) fast hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR) in presence of impurities, which implies that they are(very) tolerant to poisons as well. This consists of a prerequisite for the operation of the anode of an EHC used for the purification-compression of hydrogen, and the materials developed for poison-tolerance in the vast literature on low-temperature fuel cells, may not always satisfy these two criteria, as this contribution will review.

关键词： Electrochemical hydrogen compression Electrochemical hydrogen purification Electrocatalysts Hydrogen oxidation Poison tolerance

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Impedancemetry of multiplexed quantum devices using an on-chip cryogenic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active inductor

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Chip 2023年第4期2卷 133-141页

作者： L.Le Guevel G.Billiot S.De Franceschi A.Morel X.Jehl A.G.M.Jansen *** universitéGrenoble Alpes CEALETIGrenoble F-38000France universitéGrenoble Alpes CEAGrenoble INPIRIGPHELIQSGrenoble F-38000France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University ofMassachusetts-AmherstMA 01003USA universitésavoie mont blanc SYMMEAnnecy F-74000France

In the pursuit for scalable quantum processors,significanteffort has been devoted to the development of cryogenic classical hardware for the control and readout of a growingnumber of *** current work presented a novelapproach called impedancemetry that is suitable for measuringthe quantum capacitance of semiconductor qubits connected toa resonant *** impedancemetry circuit exploits theintegration of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)active inductor in the resonator with tunable resonance frequency and quality factor,enabling the optimizationof readout sensitivity for quantum *** realized cryogenic circuit allows fast impedance detection with a measuredcapacitance resolution down to 10 aF and an input-referrednoise of 3.7 aF/Hz *** 4.2 K,the power consumption of theactive inductor amounts to 120μW,with an additional dissipation for on-chip current excitation(0.15μW)and voltageamplification(2.9 mW)of the impedance *** to the commonly used schemes based on dispersiveRF reflectometry which require millimeter-scale passive inductors,the circuit exhibits a notably reduced footprint(50μm360μm),facilitating its integration in a scalable quantumclassical *** impedancemetry method has been applied at 4.2 K to the detection of quantum effects in the gatecapacitance of on-chip nanometric CMOS transistors that areindividually addressed via multiplexing.

关键词： Impedancemetry Qubit readout Cryogenic circuit Activeinductor CMOS

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Electrochemical recovery of Pt/C electrocatalyst:optimization of the potential range on the leaching process and application to an aged MEA

Industrial Chemistry & Materials

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Industrial Chemistry & Materials 2024年第1期2卷 118-131页

作者： Francois Guillet Marian Chatenet Alex Paul Lenka Svecova Laetitia Dubaua Univ.Grenoble Alpes Univ.Savoie Mont BlancCNRSGrenoble INPLEPMI38000 GrenobleFrance SYMBIO 5 rue Simone Veil69200 VenissieuxFrance

Carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles(Pt/C)are widely used electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cell and electrolyzer applications and represent a substantial part of the capital expenditure of these *** being a critical raw material,its recovery is critical for the deployment of these *** this contribution,the first step of a recycling protocol,*** leaching of Pt/C,is *** avoid the use of concentrated acids and oxidants,the focus of the present study is on the design of an efficient electrochemical *** particular,the values of the upper and lower potential limits have an impact on Pt dissolution *** upper potential limit should avoid(or at least limit)Pt particles'detachment from the carbon support and the lower potential limit should take into account the competition between the platinum dissolution and the unwanted platinum *** evolution of the particle morphology and dissolution rate were monitored by coupling a statistical analysis of TEM images and ICP-MS concentration *** cycling potential window was first optimized for a model commercial Pt/C catalyst in a low-chloride concentration electrolyte,leading to a full Pt leaching efficiency(99%).A similar protocol was transferred to more technological objects:MEA aged under realistic *** MEAs were electrochemically treated without any prior GDL separation and the efficiency of the process was demonstrated.

关键词： MEA recycling Platinum electrodissolution Platinum recovery

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