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The Sword of Damocles behind the Curtain of the Earth’s Global Warming: A Review

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第2期15卷 119-136页

作者： Jacques Bourgois Institut des Sciences de la Terre paris (iSTeP) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7193 Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)/Université Paris 06 Paris France iSTeP UMR 7193 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Paris France

The “mainstream” climatology (MSC)—i.e. which includes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) community—considers the present day massive release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as the main cause of the current global warming trend. The main inference from this stance is that the increase in temperature must occur after the release of greenhouse gases originating from the anthropic activities. However, no scientific evidence has been provided for this basic notion. Earth paleoclimatic records document the antecedence of temperature over CO2 levels. For the past 65 Ma, the temperature parameter has controlled the subsequent increase in CO2. This includes the three rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients at 55 Ma, 34 Ma, and 23 Ma REF _Ref159913672 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1]. The simple fact of their existence points to the potential for highly nonlinear responses in climate forcing. Whatever these shifts and transients are, CO2 remains a second order parameter in their evolution through time. Confronted with the past, a suitable response must therefore be given to the unresolved question of whether the CO2 trends precede the temperature trends in the current period, or not. The assertion that the current global warming is anthropogenic in origin implicitly presupposes a change of paradigm, with the consequence (the increase in CO2 levels) that occurred in Earth’s past being positioned as the cause of the warming for its present day climatic evolution. The compulsory assumption regarding the antecedence of CO2 levels over the temperature trends is associated with the haziness of the methodological framework—i.e. the paradigm—and tightens the research fields on the likely origins of global warming. The possible involvement of an “aberrant” natural event, hidden behind the massive release of greenhouse gases, has not been considered by the MSC.

关键词： Climate CO2 Temperature Paleoclimate Warming

Severe asthma exacerbation:Changes in patient characteristics,management,and outcomes from 1997 to 2016 in 40 ICUs in the greater paris area

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 209-215页

作者： Romy Younan Jean Loup Augy Bertrand Hermann Bertrand Guidet Philippe Aegerter Emmanuel Guerot Ana Novara Caroline Hauw-Berlemont Amer Hamdan Clotilde Bailleul Francesca Santi Jean-Luc Diehl Nicolas Peron Nadia Aissaoui Intensive Care Unit AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalUniversitéde ParisParisFrance Intensive Care Unit AP-HPSaint Antoine HospitalUniversités de SorbonneUniversitéPierre et Marie CurieParisFrance INSERM U1136 ParisFrance Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines university INSERM U1018Groupe Interrégional de Recherche Clinique et d'InnovationÎle-de-FranceFrance Respiratory Medicine Department AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalUniversitéde ParisParisFrance Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis INSERM UMR-S1140Universitéde ParisParisFrance Intensive Care Unit and Biosurgical Research Lab(Carpentier Foundation) AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalParisFrance paris-Cardiovascular-Research-Center INSERM U970ParisFrance

Background Despite advances in asthma treatments,severe asthma exacerbation(SAE)remains a life-threatening condition in adults,and there is a lack of data derived from adult patients admitted to intensive care units(ICUs)for *** current study investigated changes in adult patient characteristics,management,and outcomes of SAE over a 20-year period in 40 ICUs in the greater paris *** In this retrospective observational study,admissions to 40 ICUs in the greater paris area for SAE from January 1,1997,to December 31,2016 were *** primary outcome was the proportion of ICU admissions for SAE during 5-year *** outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality,and the use of mechanical ventilation and *** analysis was performed to assess factors associated with ICU *** A total of 7049 admissions for SAE were *** each 5-year period,the proportion decreased over time,with SAE accounting for 2.84%of total ICU admissions(n=2841)between 1997 and 2001,1.76%(n=1717)between 2002 and 2006,1.05%(n=965)between 2007 and 2011,and 1.05%(n=1526)between 2012 and *** median age was 46 years(interquartile range[IQR]:32–59 years),55.41%were female,the median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 20(IQR:13–28),and 19.76%had mechanical *** use of mechanical ventilation remained infrequent throughout the 20-year period,whereas the use of catecholamine *** and hospital mortality rates *** associated with ICU mortality were renal replacement therapy,catecholamine,cardiac arrest,pneumothorax,acute respiratory distress syndrome,sepsis,and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV).Non-survivors were older,had more severe symptoms,and were more likely to have received *** ICU admission for SAE remains uncommon,and the proportion of cases decreased over *** a slight increase in symptom severity during a 20-year period,ICU and hospital mortality *** requirin

关键词： Epidemiology Intensive care unit Mechanical ventilation Severe asthma exacerbation

ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF SHELLS VIA г-CONVERGENCE

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2000年第4期18卷 337-352页

作者： Karine Genevey (Laboratoire D’Analyse Numerique, Tour 55, universite pierre et marie curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 paris, France) universite pierre et marie curie 法国 Paris 75005

We give a new justification of the linear membrane and flexural shell models. We prove that the sequence of scaled energy functionals associated with the scaled problem r-converges to the energy functional associated with a two-dimensional model. This two-dimensional model is a membrane or flexural one, depending on the geometric and kinematic conditions. Then, a classical argument allows to give a new proof of the convergence theorems recently obtained by P.G. Ciarlet, V. Lods and B. Miara.

关键词： г-converges linear elastic shell

Disease activity and cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第22期14卷 3497-3503页

作者： Harry Sokol Jacques Cosnes Olivier Chazouilleres Laurent Beaugerie Emmanuel Tiret Raoul Poupon Philippe Seksik Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France Hepatology Depart-ment Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France Department of Abdominal Surgery Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France

AIM: To investigate the phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-IBD). MetHODS: Data from 75 PSC-IBD patients evaluated in our tertiary center between 1963 and 2006 were collected and compared to 150 IBD patients without PSC, matched for sex, birth date, IBD diagnosis date and initial disease location regarding ileal, different colonic segments, and rectum, respectively. RESULTS: While PSC-IBD patients received more 5-aminosalicylates (8.7 years/patient vs 2.9 years/ patient, P < 0.001), they required less immuno-suppressors (24% vs 46% at 10 years; P < 0.001) and less intestinal resection (10% vs 44% at 10 years, P < 0.001). The 25-year cumulative rate of colectomy was 25.1% in PSC-IBD and 37.3% in controls (P = 0.004). The 25-year cumulative rate of colorectal cancer was 23.4% in PSC-IBD vs 0% in controls (P = 0.002). PSC was the only independent risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (OR = 10.8; 95% CI, 3.7-31.3). Overall survival rate without liver transplantation was reduced in PSC-IBD patients (67% vs 91% in controls at 25 years, P = 0.001).CONCLUSION: This study confirms that patients with PSC-IBD have a particular disease phenotype independent of the initial disease location. Although their disease is less active and they use more 5-aminosalicylates, they present a higher risk of colorectal cancer.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Inflammatory bowel disease Colorectal cancer Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease

ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF LINEARLY ELASTIC SHALLOW SHELLS WITH VARIABLE THICKNESS

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2001年第4期22卷 405-416页

作者： N. SABU Laboratoire d’Analyse Numerique, universite pierre et marie curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, paris, France.E-mail: sabu@ann.jussieu.fr Laboratoire d'Analyse Numerique Université Pierre et Marie Curie 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France

The author considers a linearly elastic shallow shell with variable thickness and shows that, as the thickness of the shell goes to zero, the solution of the three-dimensional equations converges to the solution of th... 详细信息

关键词： Asymptotic analysis Elastic shallow shells Vaiable thickness

EXISTENCE OF MINIMIZING SOLUTIONSAROUND“EXTENDED STATES”FOR A NONLINEARLY ELASTICCLAMPED PLANE MEMBRANE

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 1999年第3期20卷 279-296页

作者： D. COUTAND(university of pierre et marie curie, Laboratoire d’Analyse Numerique, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 paris,France. E-mail: coutand@ann.jussieu.fr) université of pierre et marie curie Laboratoire d'Analyse Numérique 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France

The formal asymptotic analysis of D. Fox, A. Raoult & J.C. Simo[10] has justified the twodimensional nonlinear "membrane" equations for a plate made of a Saint Venant-Kirchhoff *** model, which retains the material-frame indifference of the original three dimensional problem in the sense that its energy density is invariant under the rotations of R3, is equivalent to finding the critical points of a functional whose nonlinear part depends on the first fundamental form of the unknown deformed *** author establishes here, by the inverse function theorem, the existence of an injective solution to the clamped membrane problem around particular forces corresponding physically to an "extension" of the membrane. Furthermore, it is proved that the solution found in this fashion is also the unique minimizer to the nonlinear membrane functional, which is not sequentially weakly lower semi-continuous.

关键词： Minimizing solution Nonlinearly elastic clamped plane membrane Injective Solution

JUSTIFICATION OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR SHELL MODEL OF KOITER'S TYPE

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2001年第2期22卷 129-144页

作者： P. G. CIARLet A. ROQUEFORT Laboratoire d'Analyse Numérique Université Pierre et Marie Curie 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France

A two-dimensional nonlinear shell model "of Koiter’s type" has recently been proposed by the first author. It is shown here that, according to two mutually exclusive sets of assumptions bearing on the associated manifold of admissible inextensional displacements, the leading term of a formal asymptotic expansion of the solution of this two-dimensional model, with the thickness as the "small’ parameter, satisfies either the two-dimensional equations of a nonlinearly elastic "membrane" shell or those of a nonlinearly elastic "flexural" shell. These conclusions being identical to those recently drawn by B. Miara, then by V. Lods and B. Miara, for the leading term of a formal asymptotic expansion of the solution of the equations of three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity, again with the thickness as the "small" parameter, the nonlinear shell model of Koiter’s type considered here is thus justified, at least formally.

关键词： Shell model Koiter's type Justfication

Hyperbolicity of unitary involutions

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第5期55卷 937-945页

作者： KARPENKO Nikita A. Institut de Math'ematiques de Jussieu Universit'e Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance

We prove the so-called Unitary Hyperbolicity Theorem,a result on hyperbolicity of unitary *** analogous previously known results for the orthogonal and symplectic involutions are formal consequences of the unitary *** the original proofs in the orthogonal and symplectic cases were based on the incompressibility of generalized Severi-Brauer varieties,the proof in the unitary case is based on the incompressibility of their Weil transfers.

关键词： algebraic groups involutions projective homogeneous varieties Chow groups and motives Steenrod operations

Synthesis of 3″-and 4″-deoxy-Lewis^x trisaccharides:A useful tool for study of carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第9期53卷 1963-1969页

作者： GOURMALA Chafika université pierre et marie curie-paris 6 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire

Synthesis of 3″-deoxy and 4″-deoxy Lewisx trisaccharides is *** 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-4-deoxy-1-thio-β-Dxylo-hexopyranoside was condensed with a diol of glucosamine to give regio-and stereo-selectively a ***-lective fucosylation of this disaccharide provided a protected deoxy Lewisx trisaccharide which was deprotected to give the 4″-deoxy Lewisx *** of the similar synthetic sequence provided the 3″-deoxy Lewisx trisaccharide.

关键词： carbohydrate glycosylation synthesis trisaccharide.