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Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Characteristics and Enzyme Activities under Cajanus cajan and Milletia laurentii Grown in Scientific Center of Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 220-238页

作者： Irene Marie Cécile Mboukou-Kimbatsa Angélique Esperance Lembella Boumba Alvychelle Benith Banga Augustin Aimé Lebonguy Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala Ecole Nationale Suprieure dAgronomie et de Foresterie Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Rpublique du Congo Institut Nationale de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Brazzaville Rpublique du Congo Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Rpublique du Congo

This study was conducted at the scientific center of Brazzaville. The objective was to assess the microbial characteristics and enzymes activities in the rhizosphere soil of Cajanus cajan and Milletia lauurentii. These plants have great importance in food and forestry. Microbial diversity management in the rhizosphere is the key for sustainable crop production or forest durability. DNA metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the whole bacterial diversity, the microbial biomass was determinate by the fumigation-extraction method and the enzymes by the p-nitrophenol-β-D-glucoside for β-glucosidase, the p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide for β-Glucosaminidase. Dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were quantified using 2,3,5-tryphenyl tetrazolium chloride and p-nitophenylphosphate respectively. The results show that, in Cajanus cajan culturable bacteria genera were mainly Acidobacterium, Skermanella, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Chloroflexus, Steroidobacter, Sphingomonas and Bradyrhizobium while in Milletia laurentii: Rhodoplanes, Bradyrhizobium, Bacillus, Sphingobacterium, Acidobacterium, Mesorhizobium, Nitrospira were the principal genera. In the two rhizosphere soils investigated, the uncultured bacteria exhibited relatively higher abundance, often for the same genera, than culturable bacteria. Metagenomic studies have revealed more bacterial diversity in each compared to when culturable bacteria were taken into account alone. The MBC and MBN were higher in the rhizosphere of Milletia than in rhizosphere of Cajanus. The same trend was observed with the enzyme activities. PCA of culturable and NMDS of unculturable soil bacteria genera shows that factors mainly involved in the carbon cycle such as MBC, members of the microbial community i.e. Acidobacterium, Skermanella, Chloroflexus, sand, C, β-glucosaminidase and dehydrogenase, were strongly correlated with Cajanus cajan. On the other hand, the MBN, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Nitrospira, Nitratiredu

关键词： Metagenomic Microbial Diversity Uncultured Bacteria Microbial Biomass Enzyme

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Preliminary Data of Flyng Insects in Aquatic Ecosystem: Ngatsouéné and Yo in Djambala (Department of Plateaux, Congo Brazzaville)

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Advances in Entomology 2025年第1期13卷 174-181页

作者： Tsoumou Anthelme Mikia Marcellin Olabi-Obath Durelle Brith Caelle Mady-Goma Dirat Isabelle Vouidibio Joseph Laboratory of Research of Animal Biology and Ecology ENS University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Applied Sciences University Denis Sassou-NGuesso Kintl Congo Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo

Insects represent an important taxon for the functioning of ecosystems. They also contribute to human and animal nutrition and are vector agents of several diseases. In Congo-Brazzaville the diversity of entomofauna is very little known. The present study aimed to investigate ponds. The inventory of insects was conducted in ponds Ngatsouéné and Yo, the first one was located in the center of Djambala and the last one was 2 km from the center of the city. The insects were caught with an entomological net from 23rd to 24th December 2012. The study identifies 37 species belonging to 17 families and 7 orders. This entomofauna study showed a high proportion of the Orthoptera order (27.20%). Family Mantidae has the largest species number (13.51%). Mantis sp is the most abundant species (13.51%). This is a database and therefore, should be extended to different aquatic ecosystems of the Department of Plateaux. The results obtained during this study will contribute to the development of a database for the management of entomofauna in Congo.

关键词： Djambala Pond Entomofauna Species Richness Ngatsouéné Yo

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Modeling the Conversion of Forest Land to Other Types of Occupation Due to Urban Growth in Five Forest Towns in the Congo Basin

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Open Journal of Ecology 2025年第1期15卷 43-64页

作者： Stoffenne Malonga Binsangou Suspense Averti Ifo Benoit Mertens Ecole Normale Suprieure Laboratoire de Tldtection et Ecologie Forestire Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo UMR Espace-DEV Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement (IRD) Montpellier France

The conversion of forest land to other types of land cover is one of the major issues in the global fight against climate change. Understanding the direct and indirect factors of these conversions from local studies in the tropics is essential to project the future impact of human activities on the preservation of tropical forests in general and the forests of the Republic of Congo in particular. This study, conducted in five localities with different socioeconomic contexts in the Republic of Congo, aims to analyze the variability of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation linked to urbanization in the Congo Basin. Using a series of land cover maps from the years 1986, 2003 and 2019 for the cities of Ouesso, Pokola, Ngombe, Impfondo and Dongou, as well as field data and socio-economic information collected from local and central administrations, a unique model has been developed to understand the explanatory patterns of forest loss. Deforestation around urban centers is mainly due to urban agriculture due to population growth, as well as the spatial expansion of cities, which have a major impact on the stability and integrity of forests. Shifting agriculture is the main direct cause of deforestation and forest degradation, representing 48% of the total sample, followed by the collection of wood fuel (22%), the collection of construction wood (19%), illegal logging (6%) and urban expansion (5%). Forecasts indicate that forest loss around major cities will increase by 487, 20 ha to 5266, 73 ha by 2050 compared to the base year of 2019. This study highlights the need for a new system of land management and poverty alleviation of local populations to ensure the stability of the Congo Basin tropical forests around large and small African cities.

关键词： Deforestation Degradation Modeling Congo Basin Land Use Change Landsat Strong Points

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Peritoneal Tuberculosis in Adults in Brazzaville: Epidemiological, Diagnostic, and Progressive Aspects

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Mikolélé Ahoui Apendi Clausina Itoua-Ngaporo Ngala Akoa Ngoma Moussavou Raphael Angala Andzi Jenny Carmela Mimiesse Monamou Jile Florient Mongo-Onkouo Arnaud Ngami Rody Stéphane Motoula Latou Mardochée Ngalessami Mouakosso Marlyse Adoua Céline Sandra Deby Gassaye Atipo Ibara Blaise Irenée Ibara Jean-Rosaire Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Peritoneal tuberculosis is the most common digestive location of tuberculosis. Its diagnosis is often based on a combination of clinical and biological arguments, and confirmed by bacteriology which is rarely available. In Congo there is little published data on this entity. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, and progression characteristics of peritoneal tuberculosis at the university hospital center in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This study is a descriptive and retrospective analysis conducted from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, in the Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine department of the CHU of Brazzaville. It included all patients hospitalized during this period with a confirmed diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis, encompassing 54 records that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Out of the study period, 54 records that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The annual incidence of peritoneal tuberculosis was 7.7 patients, with a prevalence of 1.4%, showing a male predominance of 61% and an average age of 39.93 ± 14.62 years. The primary symptoms were abdominal bloating and abdominal pain, present in 100% and 74% of cases, respectively. The clinical presentation was primarily characterized by febrile ascites observed in all patients. HIV co-infection was noted in 29.6% of cases. Anemia was present in 79.6% of patients, and an elevated sedimentation rate was observed in 74% of cases. The tuberculin skin test returned positive in 50% of cases. The ascitic fluid was exudative, rich in proteins and white blood cells (exceeding 1000/mm3, predominantly lymphocytes) in the majority of cases (100%, 83.3%, 83.3%, respectively). The diagnosis was deemed highly probable based on the clinical and paraclinical signs and the favorable response to treatment in 79.6% of cases. There were instances of pleural involvement (33.3%) and lymph node involvement (pulmonary 22.2% and lymph node 16.6%). Treatment outcomes were favorable in

关键词： Peritoneal Tuberculosis Epidemiological Study Diagnostic Methods Brazzaville

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Growth Parameters and Condition Coefficient of Three Species from Bas-Kouilou (Congo Brazzaville): Chrysichthys auratus, Geoffroy, 1809, Liza falcipinnis, Valenciennes, 1836 and Pellonula vorax, Gunther, 1868

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Open Journal of Ecology 2025年第1期15卷 100-114页

作者： Marcellin Mikia Anthelme Tsoumou Durelle Brith Caëlle Olabi-Obath Isabelle Mady-Goma Dirat Research Laboratory of Animal Biology and Ecology ENS University Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Applied Sciences University DENIS SASSOU-NGUESSO Kintl Congo

The study of the morphometric parameters of the three most abundant species in the lower course of the Kouilou River (Chrysichthys auratus, Liza falcipinnis and Pellonula vorax) was carried out. The standard length of Chrysichthys auratus varies between 43.57 and 210 mm, for an average of 96.70 ± 28.63 mm;the weight varies between 2.92 and 140.83 mg, an average of 73.03 ± 21.62 mg. The condition coefficient is equal to 4.42 ± 1.52. Liza falcipinnis has a standard length which varies between 59.9 mm and 158.08 mm for an average of 88.15 ± 29.74 mm;its weight varies between 4.77 and 76.21 mg, an average of 18.61 ± 11.82 mg. The condition coefficient is equal to 2.47 ± 1.57. Pellonula vorax has a standard length which varies between 60.33 mm and 117.72 mm;for an average of 80.48 ± 17.75 mm;the weight varies between 3.61 and 25.17 mg, an average of 9.03 ± 3.61 mg. The condition coefficient is equal to 2.17 ± 0.57. These three species have a minor allometric growth.

关键词： Kouilou River Chrysichthys auratus Liza falcipinnis Pellonula vorax Growth Parameters Condition Coefficient

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Prospective Study and Physico-Mechanical Characterisation of Granular Materials Used in the Manufacture of Ordinary Concrete in Congo

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Geomaterials 2025年第1期15卷 1-24页

作者： Jarlon Brunel Makela Bienvenu Ebata-Ndion Narcisse Malanda Stanislas Kevin Mbeke Laboratory of Mechanics Energy and Engineering Higher National Polytechnic School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Higher Institute of Architecture Building Planning and Public Works Denis Sassou Nguesso University Kintl Republic of the Congo

This research is an experimental study aimed at identifying and determining the physico-mechanical properties of various granular materials used in current concretes based on local aggregates (sands, gravels) from different quarries, highlighting their intrinsic properties. The aim was also to test their specific influence on the cementitious matrix of hardened concrete. Several laboratory tests were conducted on samples from Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire. To develop a variety of concrete formulations meeting rheological criteria (deformability, bleeding, segregation) and create an optimal concrete formulation approach considering its microstructural and compacting matrix, a good granular distribution was planned, using two types of sand (rolled and crushed). This involved correcting the rolled sand with variable proportions (30% to 50%) of crushed sand. The results from the eight concrete formulations studied, using the Dreux-Gorisse method, showed that six formulations produced the expected results. Compressive strengths at 28 days ranged from 25 to 36.75 MPa. As a result, formulation 3 appears to be the best, with a mechanical strength of 36.75 MPa at 28 days, compared to formulation 1 (33.75 MPa), formulation 4 (27.25 MPa), and formulation 2 (26.65 MPa) for the Brazzaville locality. For the Pointe-Noire locality, formulation 8 was judged the best, with a characteristic mechanical strength of 29.70 MPa at 28 days, followed by formulation 7 (27.30 MPa), formulation 5 (22.80 MPa), and formulation 6 (18.30 MPa). In summary, the concretes formulated with raw sand showed better results than those with improved sands. The same was true for concrete formulations using rolled sand and gravel.

关键词： Sand Gravel Cement Formulation Identification Concrete Physical-Mechanical Properties

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Pheochromocytoma Rare Cause of Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report from Cameroon

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2025年第1期15卷 1-7页

作者： Ghislaine Biwole Sida Charley Loumade Elenga-Bongo Anne-Marie Grace Belobo Eyebe Aboubakar Diallo Raoul Bukam Martine Etoa Department of Internal Medicine Hpital de district de la Cit verte Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Facult de Mdecine et des Sciences pharmaceutiques Universit de Douala Douala Cameroon Facult de Mdecine et des Sciences Biomdicales Universit de Garoua Garoua Cameroon Facult de Mdecine et des Sciences Biomdicales Universit de Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon

Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is a rare endocrine tumor from the chromaffin cells in the adrenomedullary gland and sympathetic/parasympathetic ganglia, secreting one or more catecholamines. It is frequently associated with hypertension and described in the literature as a cause of secondary diabetes mellitus. In patients with known persistent uncontrolled diabetes, PHEO is rarely mentioned as the cause of uncontrolled diabetes. The authors report a rare case of PHEO diagnosed in a 64-year-old female patient treated for 10 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. She was treated using a combination of insulin (2 injections) and Metformin 1000 mg twice a day. The glycemic control was poor (HbA1c-11%), and persistent High Blood Pressure (HBP). She presented with unexplained weight loss associated with permanent hyperhidrosis (sweating), affecting her quality of life and diffuse abdominal pain. The investigations confirmed the diagnosis of PHEO, which resection led to improvement of glycemic control and hypertension.

关键词： Pheochromocytoma Uncontrolled Diabetes Hypertension Cameroon

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Leaching of complex sulphide concentrate in acidic cupric chloride solutions

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2007年第2期17卷 423-428页

作者： M.TCHOUMOU M.ROYNETTE Faculty of Science Marien Ngouabi University Laboratory of Applied Electrochemistry EHICS Louis Pasteur University

The chemical analysis of a complex sulphide concentrate by emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction shows that it contains essentially copper, lead, zinc and iron in the form of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. A small amount of pyrite is also present in the ore but does not be detected with X-ray diffraction. The cupric chloride leaching of the sulphide concentrate at various durations and solid/liquid ratios at 100 ℃ shows that the rate of dissolution of the ore is the fastest in the first several hours, and after 12 h it does not evolve significantly. If oxygen is excluded from the aqueous cupric chloride solution during the leaching experiment at 100 ℃, the pyrite in the ore will not be leached. The determination of principal dissolved metals in the leaching liquor by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and the chemical analysis of solid residues by emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction allow to conclude that the rate of dissolution of the minerals contained in the complex sulphide concentrate are in the order of galena >sphalerite>chalcopyrite.

关键词：酸性氯化铜溶液复合硫化物精矿浸出溶出速度

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Floristic Diversity of Forests of the Northwest Republic of the Congo

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Open Journal of Forestry 2016年第5期6卷 386-403页

作者： Félix Koubouana Suspense Averti Ifo Jean-Marie Moutsambote Romarick Mondzali-Lenguiya ENSAF BP 69 Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo ENS BP 69 Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo

The study of structural and tree flora biodiversity of the forest of the Mbomo-Kellé UFA was done on an area of 88.5 ha (0.014% of the total UFA area). The inventory was carried out in plots of 200 m × 25 m (0.5 ha), arranged in a contiguous way along the opened trails in the forest with an equidistance interval of 2 km. 11,012 trees of DBH ≥20 cm were counted, divided into 107 genera, 31 families and 133 species including 121 completely identified and 12 defined only in terms of genus. Data analysis consisted of calculating relative and weighted frequencies, the Shannon and Weaver diversity indexes, Pielou’s evenness index, and the Jaccard and Sorensen similarity indices. Relative frequencies showed that the most representative family in terms of species is the Fabaceae-Caesal piniodeae with 18.05% of species and the most representative in terms of individuals is the Burseraceae with 19.17% of inventoried trees. The principal components analysis allowed to show inter- and intra-block heterogeneities.

关键词： Floral Diversity Management Floristic Composition Floristic Heterogeneity Mbomo-Kellé UFA Congo

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Floristic diversity and structural parameters of the Brazzaville Patte d’Oie forest, Congo

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第8期3卷 518-531页

作者： Victor Kimpouni Paul Mbou Ernest Apani Marcel Motom école normale supérieure Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo école normale supérieure Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo

The flora of the Patte d’Oie forest of Brazzaville is studied according to three plots of 0.5 ha, corresponding each to one of the islet, currently constituting it. With an original area of 240 ha, put in reserve in 1938, the natural forest of the Patte d’Oie of Brazzaville covers 95 ha, less than 39% compared to initial area. Because the other main forests of Brazzaville have disappeared without delivering their biodiversity, this study is the first one which emphasizes the flora of this single ecosystem of Congo. The total floristic inventory revealed 459 trees of dbh≥10 cm on 1.5 ha;it is an average of 306 trees?ha?1. 31 species are listed for 17 families, and the best represented of which (Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae) have a diversity varying from 13% to 19% of the inventory and a tree number oscillating from 15% to 36%. The Shannon (H') biological diversity index of the three plots is of 2.6 on average, for a maximum diversity (H'max) average of 2.9 versus an average true diversity of 15. The Pielou index is on average 0.9, whereas that of Simpson is 0.9. The coefficients of similarity of Jaccard (41.4% to 57.1%) and of the coefficient of S?rensen (58.5% to 72.7%) show the variations in the floristic composition. The followed ecological parameters show that this ecosystem is very few diversified compared to the tropical wet dense forests on the one hand, and, on the other hand, a non constant floristic composition is not. The analysis of the diametric structure by plot and the dominant and/or characteristic species give erratic curves, evidence of an insufficiency of the regenerative potential. Indeed, approximately 70% of the species are characteristic of the disturbed ecosystems (Macaranga sp.,Caloncoba welwitschii,Hymenocardia ulmoides,and Anthocleista sp.).

关键词： Congo Floristic Diversity Biological Diversity Indices Population Structure Urban Forest Reserve

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