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Long-term implications of fetal growth restriction

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第13期11卷 2855-2863页

作者： Martina D'Agostin Chiara di Sipio Morgia Giovanni Vento Stefano Nobile Department of Pediatrics University of TriesteTrieste 34100Italy Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS-UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 000168Italy

Fetal growth restriction(FGR),or intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR),is a complication of pregnancy where the fetus does not achieve its genetic growth *** is characterized by a pathological retardation of intrauterine growth velocity in the curve of intrauterine ***,the FGR definition is still debated,and there is a lack of a uniform definition in the *** IUGR,compared to constitutional smallness,is a pathological condition in which the placenta fails to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the developing *** with IUGR,compared to appropriately grown gestational age infants,have a significantly higher risk of mortality and neonatal complications with long-term *** studies have demonstrated how suboptimal fetal growth leads to long-lasting physiological alterations for the developing fetus as well as for the newborn and adult in the *** long-term effects of fetal growth retardation may be adaptations to poor oxygen and nutrient supply that are effective in the fetal period but deleterious in the long term through structural or functional *** studies showed that FGR could be a contributing factor for adult chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease,metabolic syndrome,diabetes,respiratory diseases and impaired lung function,and chronic kidney *** this review we discussed pathophysiologic mechanisms of FGR-related complications and potential preventive measures for FGR.

关键词： Fetal growth restriction Intrauterine chronic hypoxia Long-lasting physiological alterations Cardiovascular disease Metabolic syndrome Obstructive pulmonary disease

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AGENTS AND UNCERTAINTY

AGENTS AND UNCERTAINTY

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第11届国际模糊系统协会世界大会

作者： Germano Resconi dipartimento di Matematica Università Cattolica via Trieste 17 25128 BresciaItaly

＜正＞ In this paper we propose a new representation of the uncertainty. The new representation is based on the communication between objects and agents. Every agent perceive the object and evaluate the property of the object. In the probability calculus based on the set theory the agent is irrelevant. In fact every object is perceived by one agent or a group of coherent agents. In this case the value of the attributes of the object are defined without any problem. When the group of agent is not coherent and in many case conflicting, we must take care of the agent perception and knowledge. With the new approach we can rebuilt the basis structure of the fuzzy logic and describe any type of uncertainties （ fuzzy set , evidence theory , rough set, and so on ）. In the same time establish a bridge between the classical logic and fuzzy logic. Every logic expression is a prototype by which a set of fuzzy logic expressions are generates by agent and object interpretation of uncertainty.

关键词： Agents Uncertainty Fuzzy logic operations modal logic

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Artificial intelligence and its role in guiding liverdirected therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:Is it ready for prime time?

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 466-481页

作者： Elena Panettieri Andrea Campisi Valentina Bianchi Felice Giuliante Agostino Maria De Rose Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Emergency and Trauma Surgery Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

Artificial intelligence(AI)is an innovative discipline in medicine,impacting both hepatology and hepato-pancreatobiliary surgery,ensuring reliable outcomes because of its repeatable and efficient algorithms.A considerable number of studies about the efficiency of AI in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been *** its diagnostic role is well recognized,providing large amounts of quantitative radiological HCC features,its use in HCC treatment is still *** use of AI may help to select the best approach for each patient as it is able to predict the outcomes after resection and/or other *** this review,we assess the role of AI in selecting the best therapeutic option and predicting long-term risks after surgical or interventional treatments for HCC *** studies are needed to consolidate AI applications.

关键词： Artificial intelligence precision medicine HCC hepatocellular carcinoma

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Why do we not reverse the path?Stress can cause depression,reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and increased inflammation

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第9期12卷 1264-1267页

作者： Angelo Emilio Claro Clelia Palanza Marianna Mazza Alessandro Rizzi Linda Tartaglione Giuseppe Marano Giovanna Muti-Schuenemann Marta Rigoni Paola Muti Alfredo Pontecorvi Luigi Janiri Gabriele Sani Dario Pitocco Department of Geriatrics Neuroscience and OrthopedicsFondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Istituto Italiano di Antropologia IsiTaRome 00185Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact DepartmentMcMaster UniversityOntario K9V 0A0Canada Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversity of MilanMilan 20126Italy Department of Endocrine-Metabolic and Dermo-Rheumatology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

The aim of this paper is to describe the direction of the link between stress,depression,increased inflammation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)*** hypothesize that severe stress or prolonged stress can be the driving factor that promote the onset of *** stress and depression,if not resolved over time,activate the production of transcription factors that will switch on pro-inflammatory genes and translate them into *** cascade fosters systemic chronic inflammation and reduced plasma BDNF *** people with depression have a 60%increased risk of developing type 2diabetes(T2D)and show high levels of inflammation and low levels of BDNF,we hypothesize possible reasons that might explain why T2D,depression and dementia are often associated in the same patient.

关键词： Depression Inflammation Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Type 2 diabetes mellitus Dementia Psychological stress

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Cell fusion in the liver, revisited

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第2期10卷 213-221页

作者： Michela Lizier Alessandra Castelli Cristina Montagna Franco Lucchini Paolo Vezzoni Francesca Faggioli Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica CNR Human Genome Laboratory Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Department of Genetics and Pathology Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

There is wide agreement that cell fusion is a physiological process in cells in mammalian bone, muscle and placenta. In other organs, such as the cerebellum, cell fusion is controversial. The liver contains a considerable number of polyploid cells: They are commonly believed to originate by genome endoreplication, although the contribution of cell fusion to polyploidization has not been excluded. Here, we address the topic of cell fusion in the liver from a historical point of view. We discuss experimental evidence clearly supporting the hypothesis that cell fusion occurs in the liver, specifically when bone marrow cells were injected into mice and shown to rescue genetic hepatic degenerative defects. Those experiments-carried out in the latter half of the last century-were initially interpreted to show "transdifferentiation", but are now believed to demonstrate fusion between donor macrophages and host hepatocytes, raising the possibility that physiologically polyploid cells, such as hepatocytes, could originate, at least partially, through homotypic cell fusion. In support of the homotypic cell fusion hypothesis, we present new data generated using a chimera-based model, a much simpler model than those previously used. Cell fusion as a road to polyploidization in the liver has not been extensively investigated, and its contribution to a variety of conditions, such as viral infections, carcinogenesis and aging, remains unclear.

关键词： Cell fusion Hepatocytes TdTomato Lineage tracing Chimeras Extracellular vesicles

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Anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer surgery:Retrospective analysis of risk factors

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第36期10卷 13321-13336页

作者： Giuseppe Brisinda Maria Michela Chiarello Gilda Pepe Maria Cariati Valeria Fico Paolo Mirco Valentina Bianchi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery UniversitàCattolica S CuoreRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CosenzaCosenza 87100Italy Emergency Surgery and Trauma Center Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Surgery Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di CrotoneCrotone 88900Italy

BACKGROUND Anastomotic leakage(AL)after restorative surgery for rectal cancer(RC)is associated with significant morbidity and *** To ascertain the risk factors by examining cases of AL in rectal surgery in this retrospective cohort *** To identify risk factors for AL,a review of 583 patients who underwent rectal resection with a double-stapling colorectal anastomosis between January 2007 and January 2022 was ***,demographic and operative features,intraoperative outcomes and oncological characteristics were *** The incidence of AL was 10.4%,with a mean time interval of 6.2±2.1 *** mortality was 0.8%.Mortality was higher in patients with AL(4.9%)than in patients without leak(0.4%,P=0.009).Poor bowel preparation,blood transfusion,median age,prognostic nutritional indexdiameter and intraoperative blood loss were identified as risk factors for *** of anastomosis,number of stapler cartridges used to divide the rectum,diameter of circular stapler,level of vascular section,T and N status and stage of disease were also correlated to AL in our *** diverting ileostomy did not reduce the leak rate,while the use of the transanastomic tube significantly *** Clinical,surgical and pathological factors are associated with an increased risk of *** adversely affects the morbidity and mortality of RC patients.

关键词： Anastomosis Leak Anterior resection Morbidity Mortality Rectal surgery

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Regenerating nerve fiber innervation of extraocular muscles and motor functional changes following oculomotor nerve injuries at different sites

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第26期6卷 2032-2036页

作者： Wenchuan Zhang Massimiliano Visocchi Eduardo Fernandez Xuhui Wang Xinyuan Li Shiting Li Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Xinhua Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China Istituto di Neurochirurgia-Policlinico Agostino Gemelli Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome 00185 Italy

In the present study, the oculomotor nerves were sectioned at the proximal （subtentorial） and distal （superior orbital fissure） ends and repaired. After 24 weeks, vestibulo-ocular reflex evaluation confirmed that the regenerating nerve fibers following oculomotor nerve injury in the superior orbital fissure had a high level of specificity for innervating extraocular muscles. The level of functional recovery of extraocular muscles in rats in the superior orbital fissure injury group was remarkably superior over that in rats undergoing oculomotor nerve injuries at the proximal end （subtentorium）. Horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing through the right superior rectus muscle showed that the distribution of neurons in the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve was directly associated with the injury site, and that crude fibers were badly damaged. The closer the site of injury of the oculomotor nerve was to the extraocular muscle, the better the recovery of neurological function was. The mechanism may be associated with the aberrant number of regenerated nerve fibers passing through the injury site.

关键词： oculomotor nerve functional reconstruction specific innervations injury sites neural regeneration

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Supplemental Smartamine M in higher-energy diets during the prepartal period improves hepatic biomarkers of health and oxidative status in Holstein cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 624-635页

作者： Mario Vailati-Riboni Johan S.Osorio Erminio Trevisi Daniel Luchini Juan J.Loor Mammalian Nutri Physio Genomics Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Istituto di Zootecnica Facolt àdi Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly Adisseo NA AlpharettaGA 30022USA. Dairy and Food Science Department South Dakota State University1111 College Ave113H Alfred DairyScience HallBrookings SD 57007USA

Background： Feeding higher-energy prepartum is a common practice in the dairy industry. However, recent data underscore how it could reduce performance, deepen negative energy balance, and augment inflammation and oxidative stress in fresh cows. We tested the effectiveness of rumen-protected methionine in preventing the negative effect of feeding a higher-energy prepartum. Multiparous Holstein cows were fed a control lower-energy diet（CON, 1.24 Mcal/kg DM; high-straw） during the whole dry period（-50 d）, or were switched to a higher-energy（OVE, 1.54 Mcal/kg DM）, or OVE plus Smartamine M（OVE ＋ SM; Adisseo NA） during the last 21 d before *** cows received the same lactation diet（1.75 Mcal/kg DM）. Smartamine M was top-dressed on the OVE diet（0.07% of DM） from -21 through 30 d in milk（diM）. Liver samples were obtained via percutaneous biopsy at -10, 7 and 21 diM. Expression of genes associated with energy and lipid metabolism, hepatokines, methionine cycle, antioxidant capacity and inflammation was ***： Postpartal dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk were higher in CON and OVE ＋ SM compared with OVE. Furthermore, milk protein and fat percentages were greater in OVE ＋ SM compared with CON and OVE. Expression of the gluconeogenic gene PCK1 and the lipid-metabolism transcription regulator PPARA was again greater with CON and OVE ＋ SM compared with OVE. Expression of the lipoprotein synthesis enzyme MTTP was lower in OVE ＋ SM than CON or OVE. Similarly, the hepatokine FGF21, which correlates with severity of negative energy balance, was increased postpartum only in OVE compared to the other two groups. These results indicate greater liver metabolism and functions to support a greater production in OVE ＋ SM. At 7 diM, the enzyme GSR involved in the synthesis of glutathione tended to be upregulated in OVE than CON-fed cows, suggesting a greater antioxidant demand in overfed cows. Feeding OVE ＋ SM resulted in lower similar express

关键词： Energy Methionine Nutrigenomics Transition period

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Gut microbiota in women:The secret of psychological and physical well-being

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第45期29卷 5945-5952页

作者： Giuseppe Marano Gianandrea Traversi Eleonora Gaetani Antonio Gasbarrini Marianna Mazza Department of Neurosciences UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Unit of Psychiatry Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Unit of Medical Genetics Department of Laboratory MedicineFatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli IsolaRome 00186Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia CEMAD Digestive Disease CenterUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

The gut microbiota works in unison with the host,promoting its *** particular,it has been shown to exert protective,metabolic and structural *** evidence has revealed the influence of the gut microbiota on other organs such as the central nervous system,cardiovascular and the endocrine-metabolic systems and the digestive *** study of the gut microbiota is outlining new and broader frontiers every day and holds enormous innovation potential for the medical and pharmaceutical *** and treatment of specific women’s diseases involves the need to deepen the function of the gut as a junction organ where certain positive bacteria can be very beneficial to *** gut microbiota is unique and dynamic at the same time,subject to external factors that can change it,and is capable of modulating itself at different stages of a woman’s life,playing an important role that arises from the intertwining of biological mechanisms between the microbiota and the female genital *** gut microbiota could play a key role in personalized medicine.

关键词： Gut microbiota Women Metabolites Health promotion Immune system Gut-brain axis

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Neoadjuvant treatment:A window of opportunity for nutritional prehabilitation in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第9期13卷 885-903页

作者： Ilaria Trestini Marco Cintoni Emanuele Rinninella Futura Grassi Salvatore Paiella Roberto Salvia Emilio Bria Carmelo Pozzo Sergio Alfieri Antonio Gasbarrini Giampaolo Tortora Michele Milella Maria Cristina Mele Section of Oncology Department of MedicinePancreas InstituteUniversity of Verona Hospital TrustVerona 37126Italy Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell’Alimentazione Universitàdi Roma Tor VergataRoma 00133Italy UOC Nutrizione Clinica Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e ChirurgicheFondazione Policlinico A.Gemelli IRCCSRoma 00168Italy dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRoma 00168Italy General and Pancreatic Surgery Unit Pancreas InstituteUniversity of Verona Hospital TrustVerona 37126Italy Oncologia Medica Unit Comprehensive Cancer CenterFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRoma 00167Italy Oncologia Medica Unit UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRoma 00168Italy digestive Surgery Unit and Pancreatic Surgery Gemelli Center director Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRoma 00167Italy UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e ChirurgicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRoma 00167Italy UOSD Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e ChirurgicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRoma 00167Italy

Patients affected by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)frequently present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis,limiting an upfront surgical *** treatment(NAT)has become the standard of care to downstage non-metastatic locally advanced ***,this treatment increases the risk of a nutritional status decline,which in turn,may impact therapeutic tolerance,postoperative outcomes,or even prevent the possibility of *** on prehabilitation programs on surgical PDAC patients show a reduction of postoperative complications,length of hospital stay,and readmission rate,while data on prehabilitation in NAT patients are scarce and randomized controlled trials are still ***,appropriate nutritional management represents an important therapeutic strategy to promote tissue healing and to enhance patient recovery after surgical *** this regard,NAT may represent a new interesting window of opportunity to implement a nutritional prehabilitation program,aiming to increase the PDAC patient’s capacity to complete the planned therapy and potentially improve clinical and survival *** these perspectives,this review attempts to provide an in-depth view of the nutritional derangements during NAT and nutritional prehabilitation program as well as their impact on PDAC patient outcomes.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Neoadjuvant treatment Pancreatic cancer surgery Nutritional status Nutritional prehabilitation Malnutrition

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