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Functional correlates of skull shape in Chiroptera:feeding and echolocation adaptations

Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 430-442页

作者： Giada GIACOMINI Anthony HERREL Gloriana CHAVERRI Richard P.BROWN Danilo RUSSO Dino SCARAVELLI Carlo MELORO Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityUK Département d’Ecologie et de gestion de Paris C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N.ParisFrance Recinto de Golfito Universidad de Costa RicaGolfitoCosta Rica Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute BalboaAncónRepública de Panamá Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversitàdegli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly School of Biological sciences Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolUK department of Veterinary Medical sciences University of BolognaOzzano dell’EmiliaItaly

Morphological,functional,and behavioral adaptations of bats are among the most diverse within mammals.A strong association between bat skull morphology and feeding behavior has been suggested ***,morphological variation related to other drivers of adaptation,in particular echolocation,remains *** assessed variation in skull morphology with respect to ecology(diet and emission type)and function(bite force,masticatory muscles and echolocation characteristics)using geometric morphometrics and comparative *** study suggests that variation in skull shape of 10 bat families is the result of adaptations to broad dietary categories and sound emission types(oral or nasal).Skull shape correlates with echolocation parameters only in a subsample of insectivorous species,possibly because they(almost)entirely rely on this sensory system for locating and capturing *** emitting low frequencies are characterized by a ventrally tilted rostrum,a trait not associated with feeding *** result questions the validity of a trade-off between feeding and echolocation *** study advances understanding of the relationship between skull morphology and specific features of echolocation and suggests that evolutionary constraints due to echolocation may differ between different groups within the Chiroptera.

关键词： diet echolocation functional morphology geometric morphometrics macroevolution

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Analysis of the impacts of socioeconomic factors on hiring an external labor force in tilapia farming in Southern Togo

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第2期6卷 216-222页

作者： Kodjo N’Souvi Chen Sun Aklesso Egbendewe-Mondzozo Koffi Kafui Tchakah Bortey Nketia Alabi-Doku College of Economics and Management Shanghai Ocean University201306ShanghaiChina Faculte des sciences Economiques et de gestion(FaSEG) Universite de LomeP.O.Box 1515LomeTogo Faculte des sciences Economiques Sociales et de GestionUniversite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne51096Reims CedexFrance

This study analyzed the financial profitability and the impacts of socioeconomic factors on hiring an external labor force in tilapia farming in Southern *** obtained the primary data from 75 randomly selected tilapia farmers for socioeconomic analysis by a structured *** regression and return on investment(ROI)were performed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors on the decision of tilapia farmers to hire an external labor force and financial profitability of tilapia farming in the study area,*** results indicate that tilapia farming contributes to employment opportunities in the study ***,the key variables such as economic diversification,farming experience and educational attainment significantly affect the farmers’decision to hire an external labor force in their ***,tilapia farming is a profitable activity based on the positive mean gross margin and mean net farm *** ROI was 0.31,which implies that a return of USD 0.31 was obtained for the investment of every single *** government must pay more attention by organizing training or re-training workshops for tilapia farmers,which would improve their socio-economic status.

关键词： Tilapia Economic returns Hired labor force Logit model Return on investment Southern Togo

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Resistance to Abiotic Stress and Effectiveness of Native Rhizobia on Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] in Benin

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第6期12卷 193-215页

作者： Mahougnon Carmelle Charlotte Zoundji Agassin Martinien Arcadius Ahoglé Tobi Moriaque Akplo Sèmèvo Oslo Gangnon Diorel Montéiro Yves Zanvo Félix Kouelo Alladassi Pascal Houngnandan Laboratoire des sciences Végétales Horticoles et Forestières Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin Ecole de gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Benin Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols et d’Ecologie Microbienne Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin department of Spatial and Environmental Planning Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Faculté d’Agronomie Université de Parakou Parakou Benin

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.], as a legume, can establish relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium. However, Rhizobium efficacy is not always optimal due to the lack or poor efficient strains in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate symbiotic efficiency of endogenous Rhizobia nodulating Bambara groundnut and their resistance to abiotic conditions. Root nodules were randomly sampled from three agroecological zones across the country, surface sterilized, ground and paste plated on YEMA media. After 24 hours, the bacterial colonies were purified. The pure cultures were further characterized using morphological and biochemical methods and their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals was evaluated. Lastly, the symbiotic efficiency of the isolates was assessed through a greenhouse experiment. A total of eighty-five presumptive strains were isolated from Bambara groundnut roots nodules obtained from the farms. The physiological characterization of the isolated showed a decrease in isolates growth when NaCl concentration was more than 7%. In addition, 47% of the isolates were tolerant to a temperature of 40°C. Most of the isolates were highly resistant to Erythromycin in all its concentration levels and to Kanamycin, Spectinomycin, Neomycin and Ampicillin at 10 μg⋅mL−1. Most of them showed resistance to Cu and Zn at 10 μg⋅mL−1. Results of the effectiveness test on two Bambara groundnut varieties yielded dry shoot matter varying from 3.33 g⋅plant−1 to 7.21 g⋅plant−1 for variety 1 and from 4.38 g⋅plant−1 to 8.38 g⋅plant−1 on variety 2. N uptake ranged between 0.09 g⋅plant−1 and 0.29 g⋅plant−1 for variety 1 and between 0.12 and 0.29 g⋅plant−1 for variety 2. The isolates yielding higher shoot dry weight and N uptake were LMSEM312, LM

关键词： Indigenous Rhizobia Nitrogen Fixation Biodiversity Bambara Groundnut West Africa

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Distances between Elements of a Semigroup and Estimates for derivatives

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第12期26卷 2239-2254页

作者： Zohra BENDOUAD Isabelle CHALENDAR Jean ESTERLE Jonathan R.PARTINGTON université Amar Telidji Laboratoire de Sciences Economiques et Sciences de Gestion université de Lyon CNRS Université Lyon 1 Institut Camille Jordan L.A.B.A. G Université Bordeaux 1 351 cours de la Libération School of Mathematics University of Leeds

This paper is concerned first with the behaviour of differences T（t） - T（s） near the origin, where （T（t）） is a semigroup of operators on a Banach space, defined either on the positive real line or a sector in the right half-plane （in which case it is assumed analytic）. For the non-quasinilpotent case extensions of results in the published literature are provided, with best possible constants; in the case of quasinilpotent semigroups on the half-plane, it is shown that, in general, differences such as T（t） -T（2t） have norm approaching 2 near the origin. The techniques given enable one to derive estimates of other functions of the generator of the semigroup; in particular, conditions are given on the derivatives near the origin to guarantee that the semigroup generates a unital algebra and has bounded generator.

关键词： Semigroup of operators analytic semigroup Banach algebras non-quasinilpotent quasinilpotent

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Physico-Chemical and Mineralogical Characterizations of Two Togolese Clays for Geopolymer Synthesis

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第5期10卷 400-409页

作者： Komla Mawoulikplim Anove Sanonka Tchegueni Koffi Agbegnigan degbe Koffi Fiaty Moursalou Koriko Patrick Drogui Gado Tchangbedji Laboratoire gestion Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets (GTVD) Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire d’Automatique de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP) Batiment CPE Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France Centre Eau Terre Environnement de l’Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-É TÉ Québec Canada

Geopolymers are an alternative to Portland cement, well known for their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Finding materials that can validly replace Portland cement is a challenge. It is in this logic that this work was undertaken with the objective of characterizing two local clay resources of Togo as raw materials for geopolymers. The physico-chemical properties of these clays were determined by characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA) and elemental analysis (ICP-OES). The results show that these clays contain kaolinite and therefore can be used in the formulation of geopolymers. The characterized clays underwent heat treatments transforming the crystalline phases into more reactive amorphous phases and then were activated by an alkaline solution in order to formulate the geopolymer materials. These elaborated materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared to identify the types of bonds formed. The results of these analyses show that these two local clays are well suited to be used in synthesizing geopolymers. Our future work will focus on the constraints of consolidation as well as the mechanical properties of these geopolymer materials.

关键词： Clay Kaolinite Physico-Chemical Characterization Geopolymer

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基于形态计量学的清江流域地下水潜在区研究

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长江流域资源与环境 2022年第8期31卷 1823-1835页

作者：王节涛王彤裴来政刘伟侯保全周耘易秤云龚冲 N'DJI DIT JACQUES deMBELE 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心湖北武汉430205 中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院湖北武汉430074 古生物与地质环境演化湖北省重点实验室湖北武汉430205 湖北省地质局第六地质大队湖北孝感432000 universitédes sciences sociales et de gestion de bamako Bamako Mali bp2575

水系形态是内外动力条件共同作用的结果,通过分析水系形态特征参数,可以获取流域内河流排泄能力、河流侵蚀能力、地表水下渗能力等信息。清江流域是三峡岩溶区典型的山区河流,由于交通条件的限制,如何快速高效地掌握清江流域的地下水资... 详细信息

水系形态是内外动力条件共同作用的结果,通过分析水系形态特征参数,可以获取流域内河流排泄能力、河流侵蚀能力、地表水下渗能力等信息。清江流域是三峡岩溶区典型的山区河流,由于交通条件的限制,如何快速高效地掌握清江流域的地下水资源总体分布特征,一直是该地区水资源调查工作的难点。为了解决上述问题,使用Aster GdeM数据对清江流域的24个子流域(SW1-SW24)的6个线性参数、8个面状参数以及3个起伏度参数进行分析。依据不同的参数所指示的地下水潜力特征,将每个参数赋予一个序列值。将不同参数的序列值求和后的新序列作为不同子流域的优先级序列。通过对比地下水水位统测工作得到的泉流量信息,对优先级结果进行了验证。发现清江流域的优先级与地下水资源潜在区有较好的对应关系,流域的优先级高的流域也是地下水资源丰富的地区。清江流域中游北岸地区地下水资源量最为丰富,上游次之,而在下游以及南岸地区较少。揭示了deM数据在水系特征评价和相关参数提取中所起到的重要作用,为水资源评价和管理工作提供了新的思路。

关键词：清江流域优先级地下水潜在区 GIS 泉流量

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大别山南麓阳逻组砾石层砾石形貌学研究

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中国地质 2021年第1期48卷 139-148页

作者：王节涛裴来政张宏鑫 N'dji dit Jacques deMBELE 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心湖北武汉430205 universitédes sciences sociales et de gestion de bamako BamakoMalibp2575

阳逻组砾石层分布于大别山南麓长江北岸地区,是长江中游地区一个重要的第四纪地层单位。其成因主要有两种观点:一种观点认为阳逻组砾石层为古长江冲积物,后期经过构造抬升而在长江北岸形成阶地;另一种观点认为其为大别山南麓河流冲积扇... 详细信息

阳逻组砾石层分布于大别山南麓长江北岸地区,是长江中游地区一个重要的第四纪地层单位。其成因主要有两种观点:一种观点认为阳逻组砾石层为古长江冲积物,后期经过构造抬升而在长江北岸形成阶地;另一种观点认为其为大别山南麓河流冲积扇。砾石层中的砾石形貌记录了砾石的演化历史,对砾石进行形貌学研究可以用来进行古环境重建。文章选取武汉地区黄陂区横店镇、新洲区阳逻镇附近的25个砾石剖面中的2693颗砾石的外形参数进行测量。其中横店14个剖面中1377颗砾石、阳逻11个剖面中1316颗砾石。Zingg分类显示砾石以扁长形为主,砾石层在Sneed-Folk三角图中的主要分布于过渡相和河流相,砾石层中存在的大量片岩。这些特征均指示阳逻组砾石层是的物源区为大别山地区,它是大别山南麓河流形成的冲洪积扇堆积物。

关键词：长江阳逻组砾石层砾石组构物源分析形貌参数地质调查工程

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New Method for Injectable Quinine Quality Assurance Control Using a Multi-Spectral Microscope

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2018年第3期8卷 66-74页

作者： A. Sow I. Traore T. Diallo A. BA Laboratoire d’Optique de Spectroscopie et des Sciences Atmosphériques (LOSSA) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FST) Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako Bamako Mali Département des sciences du Médicament Faculté de Pharmacie Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratoire National de la Santé (LNS) Bamako Mali

Africa is the world region that is most affected by malaria. Among the therapies used, injectable quinine is considered to be one of the effective antimalarial drug, however non-quality assured antimalarials clearly have a strong market penetration across Africa. To overcome this problem, it becomes more and more necessary to set up quantitative and qualitative analysis system for antimalarial quality control. The objective of the present investigation is an attempt to use customized multispectral microscope equipped with UV-Visible lasers for injectable quinine quality assurance control routinely. For that, we have established the calibration curve of quinine solution concentration as a function of area under light intensity histogram crossing the solution. From this calibration curve, we can check the conformity of any injectable quinine according to the pharmacopoeia involved. The proposed technique is a promising alternative for drug quality control routinely.

关键词： Injectable Quinine Area Under Curve Multispectral Microscope Absorbance

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Modeling and Control Maximum Power Point Tracking of an Autonomous Photovoltaic System Using Artificial Intelligence

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Energy and Power Engineering 2021年第12期13卷 428-447页

作者： Amadou Fousseyni Toure David Tchoffa Abderrahman El Mhamedi Badie Diourte Myriam Lamolle Equipe MGSI laboratoire Quartz IUT de Montreuil Montreuil France Faculté des sciences et Techniques de bamako Université des Sciences des Tecthniques et des Technologies de Bamako(USTTB) Bamako Mali

despite investigative efforts seen in the literature, the maximum power point tracking remains again a crucial problem in photovoltaic system (PV) connected to the power grid. In this paper, a new maximum power point tracking technique which is our contribution to the resolution of this problem is treated. We proposed a hybrid controller of maximum power point tracking based on artificial neural networks. This hybrid controller is composed of two neural networks. The first network has two inputs and two outputs: the inputs are solar irradiation and ambient temperature and the outputs are the reference output voltage and current corresponding at the maximum power point. The second network has two inputs and one output: the inputs use the outputs of the first network and the output will be the periodic cycle which controls the DC/DC converter. The training step of neural networks requires two modes: the offline mode and the online mode. The data necessary for the training are collected from a very large number of real-time measurements of the PV module. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed under different operating conditions using the Matlab/Simulink simulation tool. A comparative study between the proposed method and the perturbation and observation approach was presented.

关键词： PV System MPPT Controller Artificial Neural Networks Matlab/Simulink

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Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Species Associated with Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) in Benin

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2022年第5期13卷 686-701页

作者： Howell B. Houngnandan Appolinaire Adandonon Trévis S. B. Adoho Leslie D. R. Bossou Adélaïde H. Fagnibo Oslo S. Gangnon Moriaque Akplo Charlotte M. Zoundji Félix Kouèlo Adolphe Zeze Pascal Houngnandan Laboratoire des sciences Végétale Horticole et Forestière (LaSVHF) Université Nationale d’Agriculture (UNA) Kétou République du Bénin Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols et d’Ecologie Microbienne Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi République du Bénin Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne Unité Mixte de Recherche et d’Innovation en Sciences Agronomiques et Génie Rural Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny (INPHB C&#244 te d’Ivoire) Yamoussoukro C&#244 te d’Ivoire Ecole de gestion et de Production Vegetale et Semenciere (EGPVS) Université Nationale d’Agriculture (UNA) Kétou République du Bénin

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMFs) could be used to sustainably improve crop yields. The present study evaluated the diversity of AMF species associated with soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) in main soybean-producing areas in Benin. Composite soil samples from 13 production areas at a rate of 04 villages per production areas were collected. A spore trapping device was set up to reveal the diversity of spores. The physical and chemical properties of the soils, the frequency and intensity of mycorrhization of roots, and the diversity of AMF spores were determined in the soil samples following trapping. As result, eight morphotypes belonging to four genera: Glomus, Acaulospora Gigaspora and Disversispora and three families: Diversisporales, Glomérales and Paraglomérales were observed. An important variability of spore densities was observed from one production areas to another with a higher abundance in the production areas of Copargo estimated at 3584 spores/100g soil. The biological diversity indexes as Shannon (0.0311), Simpson (0.0204) and Hill (0.0235), varied significantly (p etween the parameters studied, particularly between the physico-chemical parameters of the soils and between the physico-chemical parameters and the biological diversity indexes. For the mycorrhization parameters, the mycorhization frequencies did not vary from one production areas to another, unlike the intensities, which significantly varied from one production areas to another (2.31% to 24.62%). Finally, this study revealed that the physico-chemical parameters of the soils had an influence on the other parameters studied. Moreover, there were an abundance and a significant diversification of AMFs associated with soybean in the different production areas, which are influenced by certain physico-chemical soil parameters.

关键词： Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMFs) Soybean Spore density Diversity

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