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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 60-69页

作者： Antoine Henry Dario A.Fioretto Lorenzo M.Procopio Stéphane Monfray Frédéric Boeuf Laurent Vivien Eric Cassan Carlos Alonzo-Ramos Kamel Bencheikh Isabelle Zaquine Nadia Belabas Institut Polytechnique de paris LTCI université paris-saclay CNRS Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Weizmann Institute of Science STMicroelectronics SAS

Harnessing the frequency dimension in integrated photonics offers key advantages in terms of scalability, noise resilience, parallelization, and compatibility with telecom multiplexing *** ring resonators have been used to generate frequency-entangled states through spontaneous four-wave mixing. However, state-of-the-art integrated resonators are limited by trade-offs among size,spectral separation, and efficient photon pair generation. We have developed silicon ring resonators with a footprint below 0.05 mm2providing more than 70 frequency channels separated by 21 GHz. We exploit the narrow frequency separation to parallelize and independently control 34 single qubit-gates with a single set of three off-the-shelf electro-optic devices. We fully characterize 17 frequency-bin maximally entangled qubit pairs by performing quantum state tomography. We demonstrate for the first time, we believe, a fully connected five-user quantum network in the frequency domain. These results are a step towards a generation of quantum circuits implemented with scalable silicon photonics technology, for applications in quantum computing and secure communications.

关键词： frequency domain integrated photonics quantum gates quantum networks

Solar wind ion charge state distributions and compound cross sections for solar wind charge exchange X-ray emission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 105-118页

作者： Dimitra Koutroumpa LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance

Solar Wind Charge eXchange X-ray(SWCX) emission in the heliosphere and Ea rth’s exosphere is a hard to avoid signal in soft Xray obse rvations of astrophysical *** the other hand,the X-ray imaging possibilities offered by the SWCX process has led to an increasing number of future dedicated space missions for investigating the solar wind-terrestrial inte ractions and magnetospheric *** both cases,accurate modelling of the SWCX emission is key to correctly interpret its signal,and remove it from obse rvations,when *** this paper,we compile solar wind abundance measurements from ACE for different solar wind types,and atomic data from literature,including charge exchange cross-sections and emission probabilities,used fo r calculating the compound cross-section a for the SWCX X-ray *** calculate a values for charge-exchange with H and He,relevant to soft X-ray energy bands(0.1-2.0 keV)for various solar wind types and solar cycle conditions.

关键词： solar wind charge exchange X-rays magnetosphere heliosphere

Synchronized off-harmonic probe laser with highly variable pulse duration for laser-plasma interaction experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： J.Hornung Y.Zobus H.Lorenté C.Brabetz B.Zielbauer V.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

This paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a probe for ultra-intense laser±plasma interaction experiments. The system exhibits a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variable pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. This makes it suitable for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission background of the laser±plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. These properties enable the probe to yield valuable insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the PHELIX facility and to be deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interaction off-harmonic probe laser streaked shadowgraphy

Activity-dependent mechanisms of neuroprotection:promising avenues against dementia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1409-1410页

作者： Davide Tampellini U1195 INSERM-universitéparis-saclay Le Kremlin-BicêtreFrance Institut Professeur Baulieu Le Kremlin-BicêtreFrance

The study of the brain and its complex functions is highly fascinating and,at the same time,extremely ***,furthering our understanding of the biology of neurons and synapses is a prerequisite to uncover the mechanisms involved in memory formation and the coordination of movement as well as their alterations occurring in several neurological disorders.

关键词： alterations mechanisms neurological

A global analysis of the introduction pathways and characteristics associated with non-native fish species introduction, establishment, and impacts

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 16-31页

作者： Camille Bernery Céline Bellard Franck Courchamp Sébastien Brosse Boris Leroy CNRS Agro Paris Tech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-Saclay Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 8067) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universités Université de Caen Normandie Université des Antilles CNRS IRD Laboratoire évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 CNRS IRD UPS

Background The invasion success of introduced freshwater fishes is influenced by many factors, including ecological, species, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies that document the importance of these characteristics are conducted at local scales and/or focus on a single step of the invasion process. In this study, we aim to determine the species characteristics, ecological characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics of non-native freshwater fish invasions. Our assessment was done at the global scale and considers all three steps of the invasion(i.e., introduction, establishment, and impact). For this purpose, we applied generalized linear models to 20 variables collected for 307 non-native species and modeled them as a function of ecological characteristics(i.e., environmental features), species traits(i.e., functional and morphological), and socioeconomic characteristics(i.e., human use and introduction pathways). We considered the number of countries in which each species was introduced, established, or had ecological impacts as a proxy of invasion step success. We also explored the specifics of species introduced through the aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade *** We found that non-native freshwater fishes with broad diets, high parental care, and multiple introduction pathways are the most widely introduced and established worldwide. The number of countries with impacts reported was best explained by the type of introduction pathway(i.e., aquaculture or fisheries). Moreover, among non-native species introduced through aquaculture, those belonging to Cypriniformes and having broad diets were the most widely introduced and established species. In contrast, the species introduced through the ornamental fish trade pathway belonged to various taxonomic orders but were mainly native to tropical *** Considering several types of factors is important when analyzing the invasion success of freshwater fish and disentang

关键词： Aquaculture Ecology Exotic Freshwater fish Introduction pathway Invasion step Morphology Ornamental fish trade Socioeconomic Trait

Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.Marquès L.Lancia P.Loiseau P.Forestier-Colleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli J.Domange F.Hannachi P.Nicolaï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance universitéparis-saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany university of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance universitéparis-saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by Coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

Phenotyping floral attractiveness to pollinators using volatilomics,3D imaging,and insect monitoring

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1164-1166页

作者： Filip Slavkovic Adnane Boualem Catherine Dogimont Abdelhafid Bendahmane institute of Plant Sciences paris-saclay(IPS2) INRAECNRSUniversity of Paris-SaclayUniversity of EvryUniversity of Paris CiteBatiment 63091192 GifsurYvetteFrance INRAE UR 1052Unite de Génetique et d'Amelioration des Fruits et LegumesBP94.84143Montfavet.France

PLANTS,POLLINATORS,AND BIODIVERSITY:THESTATUSQUO Plant-pollinator coevolution has played a crucial role in shaping the biodiversity of ecosystems that we know ***,plants and pollinators are key to agriculture,contributing to the production of most fruits and vegetables necessary for healthy human ***,over the last decades,there is mounting evidence of pollinator decline all over the world,which constitutes a major threat to food security(European Commission,2020).To pollinators,nectar and pollen are the main rewards:pollen is essentially their only source of proteins,lipids,and vitamins,while nectar is a carbohydrate-rich solution that they use to fuel somatic functions(Ollerton,2021).However,nectar is much more than just a sweet solution:it comprises a plethora of secondary metabolites and volatiles of major importance for plant-pollinator ***,by neglecting these traits and reducing genetic diversity,plant breeding has potentially increased the risk of losing the traits beneficial to pollinators.

关键词： breeding mount vitamin

Impact of Varying Blower Opening Degrees on Indoor Environment and Thermal Comfort

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1703-1716页

作者： Shengqiang Shi Abdelatif Merabtine Rachid Bennacer Julien Kauffmann UR LASMIS Universitéde Technologie de Troyes12 Rue Marie CurieTroyes10300France EPF Campus de Troyes Rosière-prés-Troyes10430France Construction Engineering Department École de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS)University of Québec1100 Rue Notre-Dame OuestMontrealQC H3C 1K3Canada LMT/ENS-paris-saclay/CNRS UniversitéParis SaclayGif-sur-Yvette91190France

At present,air handling units are usually used indoors to improve the indoor environment ***,while introducing fresh air to improve air quality,air velocity has a certain impact on the occupants’thermal ***,it is necessary to explore the optimization of air-fluid-body interaction *** this study,the indoor air flow was changed by changing the opening and closing degree of the blower,and the thermal manikin is introduced to objectively evaluate the human thermal comfort under different air *** main experimental results show that the air change rate increases with the increase of the opening and closing degree of the blower considering an ACH(air changes per hour)range between 3.8 and *** a better prediction,a linear correlation with a coefficient of 0.995 is *** the blower’s opening is adjusted to 20%,25%,30%,35%,and 40%,the air velocity sensor positioned directly beneath the air inlet records average velocities of 0.19,0.20,0.21,0.28,and 0.34 m/s over four hours,*** on thermal comfort and the average sensation experienced by individuals indicate an initial increase followed by a decline when the blower’s operation begins,with optimal conditions achieved at a 35%*** findings offer valuable insights for future indoor air ventilation and heat transfer design strategies.

关键词： Air handle unit air velocity thermal comfort thermal sensation

Disorder effects in NbTiN superconducting resonators

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 482-486页

作者：吕伟涛支强胡洁李婧史生才 Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China GEPI Observatoire de ParisPSL UniversitéCNRSParis 75014France

Disordered superconducting materials like NbTiN possess a high kinetic inductance fraction and an adjustable critical temperature, making them a good choice for low-temperature detectors. Their energy gap(D), critical temperature(T_(c)),and quasiparticle density of states(QDOS) distribution, however, deviate from the classical BCS theory due to the disorder effects. The Usadel equation, which takes account of elastic scattering, non-elastic scattering, and electro–phonon coupling,can be applied to explain and describe these deviations. This paper presents numerical simulations of the disorder effects based on the Usadel equation to investigate their effects on the △, Tc, QDOS distribution, and complex conductivity of the NbTiN film. Furthermore, NbTiN superconducting resonators with coplanar waveguide(CPW) structures are fabricated and characterized at different temperatures to validate our numerical simulations. The pair-breaking parameter α and the critical temperature in the pure state T_(c)^(P) of our NbTiN film are determined from the experimental results and numerical simulations. This study has significant implications for the development of low-temperature detectors made of disordered superconducting materials.

关键词： effects of disorder NbTiN superconducting film Usadel equation complex conductivity superconducting resonator

United under stress:High-speed transport network emerging at bacterial living edge

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 563-569页

作者： Xiaodong Wen Jingjing Feng Yuqian Sang Feng Ge Hugues Chaté Yan He Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTshinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé CEACNRSUniversitéParis-SaclayCEA-SaclayGif-sur-Yvette 91191France Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100094China

Individuals tend to move freely when there is enough room but would act collectively for their survival under external *** the case of living cells,for instance,when a drop of low-density flagellated bacterial solution is transferred onto the agar surface,the initially disordered movement of individual bacteria would be replaced with coordinated cell swarming after a lag phase of a few ***,we study how such cooperation is established while overcoming the disorder at the onset of the lag phase with single nanoparticle *** the spreading of the droplet,the bacteria in the solution cluster and align near the almost immobilized contact line confining the drop,forming a narrow ring of *** individual cells move in and out of the ring continuously,certain flow patterns emerge in the inter-bacterial *** reveal high-speed long-distance unidirectional flows with definite chirality along the outside of the ring,along the inside of the ring and across the *** speculate that these flows enable the fast and efficient transport,facilitating the communication and unification of the bacterial community.

关键词： Bacterial droplet Environmental stress Single particle tracking Biological edge Flow transport network