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Litter production and leaf nutrient concentration and remobilization in response to climate seasonality in the central Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 131-141页

作者： Ricardo Antonio Marenco Saul Alfredo Antezana-Vera daniela Pereira Dias Luiz Antonio Candido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da amazonia Coordenagao de Uso da Terra e Mudanca ClimaticaAv.Andre Araujo 2936ManausAM69067-375Brazil Programa de pos-Graduagao em Agricultura no Tropico Umido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia-INPAManausAMBrazil Unidade Academica de Ciencias Agrarias Universidade Federal de JataiBR 364km 195JataiGO 75801-615Brazil

Litterfall is the largest source of nutrients to for-est soils of tropical rainforests.However,variability in lit-terfall production,nutrient remobilization,and changes in leaf nutrient concentration with climate seasonality remain largely unknown for the central Amazon.This study meas-ured litterfall production,leaf nutrient remobilization,and leaf area index on a forest plateau in the central Amazon.Litterfall was measured at monthly intervals during 2014,while nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and mag-nesium concentrations of leaf litter and canopy leaves were measured in the dry and rainy seasons,and remobilization rates determined.Leaf area index was also recorded in the dry and rainy seasons.Monthly litterfall varied from 33.2(in the rainy season)to 87.6 g m^(-2) in the dry season,while leaf area index increased slightly in the rainy season.Climatic seasonality had no effect on concentrations of nitrogen,calcium,and magnesium,whereas phosphorous and potassium responded to rainfall seasonality oppositely.While phosphorous increased,potassium decreased during the dry season.Over seasons,nitrogen,potassium,and phosphorous decreased in leaf litter;calcium increased in leaf litter,while magnesium remained unaffected with leaf aging.Regardless,the five nutrients had similar remobilization rates over the year.The absence of climate seasonality on nutrient remobilization suggests that the current length of the dry season does not alter nutrient remobilization rates but this may change as dry periods become more prolonged in the future due to climate change.

关键词： Throughfall Nutrient cycling Climatic seasonality Leaf mass per area

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ENSO impacts on litter stocks and water holding capacity in secondary forests in eastern amazonia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 83-89页

作者： Julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues Walmer Bruno Rocha Martins Victor Pereira de Oliveira Myriam Suelen da Silva Wanzerley Hélio Brito dos Santos Júnior Francisco de Assis Oliveira Graduate Program in Forestry Sciences Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil federal rural University of amazonia Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil federal rural University of amazonia Tv.Pau-AmareloCapitão PoçoPará68650-000Brazil National Institute of amazonia Research Av.Constelação Cruzeiro do SulManausAmazonas 69060-062Brazil

Among the impacts of climate change,there is the intensification of phenomena such as the El Niño South-ern Oscillation(ENSO)responsible for El Niño and La Niña.However,understanding their effects on the functional pro-cesses of forests is limited.Therefore,this study evaluated the effects of ENSO on litter stock and water holding capac-ity(WHC)in a successional forest in eastern amazonia.Evaluations occurred in periods with the most rainfall in El Niño(2019)and least in La Niña(2021)years.Twelve permanent plots were used to sample litter.ENSO effects were evident for WHC,higher during El Niño.However,this influence was not clear for litter,as only in the rainy season effects were found.There was a positive correlation of WHC with precipitation and humidity,while litter stocks were negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed.Although the subject of this study requires long-term assessments,preliminary results suggests that,depending on the intensity of ENSO,forest functional processes can be strongly impacted and altered.The conclusion reinforces warnings by the scientific community about the impacts of climate change on the maintenance of litter stocks,decomposition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycle and essential ecosystem services for the maintenance of amazonia biodiversity.The need to develop long-term research to understand the effects of climatic change on litter stocks and water holding capacity is highlighted,especially in amazonia.

关键词： Seasonality Climate change Succession ecosystem Biogeochemical cycle amazonia biodiversity

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Plant growth and metabolism of exotic and native Crotalaria species for mine land rehabilitation in the Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 143-154页

作者： Hemelyn Soares das Chagas Rafael Silva Guedes Markus Gastauer Paula Godinho Ribeiro Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato Cecílio Frois Caldeira Fabrício William deÁvila AndréRodrigues dos Reis Silvio Junio Ramos Instituto Tecnológico Vale Rua Boaventura da Silva955BelémPA 66055-090Brazil universidade federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará XinguaraPABrazil Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaParagominasPABrazil Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTROIratiPRBrazil School of Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University(UNESP)TupãSP.CEP 17602-496Brazil

Despite its enormous benefits,mining is respon-sible for intense changes to vegetation and soil properties.Thus,after extraction,it is necessary to rehabilitate the mined areas,creating better conditions for the establishment of plant species which is challenging.This study evaluated mineral and organic fertilization on the growth,and carbon and nitrogen(N)metabolism of two Crotalaria species[Cro-talaria spectabilis(exotic species)and Crotalaria maypu-rensis(native species from Carajás Mineral Province(CMP)]established on a waste pile from an iron mine in CMP.A control(without fertilizer application)and six fertilization mixtures were tested(i=NPK;ii=NPK+micronutrients;iii=NPK+micronutrients+organic compost;iv=PK;v=PK+micronutrients;vi=PK+micronutrients+organic compost).Fertilization contributed to increased growth of both species,and treatments with NPK and micronutrients had the best results(up to 257%cf.controls),while organic fertilization did not show differences.Exotic Crotalaria had a greater number of nodules,higher nodule dry mass,chlorophyll a and b contents and showed free ammonium as the predominant N form,reflecting greater increments in biomass compared to native species.Although having lower growth,the use of this native species in the rehabilitation of mining areas should be considered,mainly because it has good development and meets current government legislation as an opportunity to restore local biodiversity.

关键词： Biological nitrogen fixation Mining Nitrogen metabolism Plant nutrition

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Spatial-temporal distribution of fatal yellowing in different oil palm genetic materials in eastern amazon

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第3期9卷 365-377页

作者： Bruno Borella Anhe Artur Vinicius Ferreira dos Santos Thiago Alan Ferreira da Silva Lana Leticia Barbosa de Carvalho Paulo Roberto Silva Farias universidade federal rural da amazonia Geoestatistics Department66.077-830 BelemBrazil universidade federal rural da amazonia Entomology Department66.077-830 BelemBrazil

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the agricultural crops with the greatest potentialfor vegetable oil production in Brazil. However, a disease of unknown etiology popularlyknown as Fatal Yellowin (FY) has caused damage to Brazilian farmers particularly in theeastern region of the Amazon. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spatialdependence of FY on three oil palm genotypes, grown for many years in an organic produc-tion system in the Amazon region. The study area had 4104 ha, divided into 139 plots. Ineach plot, the monthly incidence of disease was monitored forming a database. The num-ber of diseased plants per year, number of accumulated diseased plants, number of dis-eased plants per hectare, growth rate of diseased plants and incidence of accumulateddisease were evaluated. The results indicated spatial distribution of the variables adjustedto the gaussian, spherical and exponential models, with predominance of the first model.This increases the purpose that FY is caused by biotic factors. The highest range achievedin the study was 2929 m indicating the susceptibility of the tested genotypes. Some plotsclose to the river had the highest incidence of the disease on the study, probably associatedwith higher soil moisture.

关键词： Elaeis guineensis Geostatiscal analysis Kriging Palm oil Spatial dependence

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Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferruginous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.Wilson FERNANDES Letícia RAMOS dario C.PAIVA Jéssica CUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos GOMES daniel NEGREIROS Ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge Center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-Planta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use change and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the planet.Some environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous campo rupestre(rupestrian grassland known as Canga in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low resilience.The determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecological restoration.We proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferruginous campo rupestre based on their floristic composition.We described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and soils.All three habitats showed high diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as Chamaecrista choriophylla,Cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia subalata.The distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt concentration.We provide support for the contention that the ferruginous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local conditions.Failure to recognize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.This study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferruginous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

关键词： Canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rupestrian grassland Taxon environment relationships

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Ecophysiology and multivariate analysis for production of Tachigali vulgaris in Brazil:Influence of rainfall seasonality and fertilization

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1289-1305页

作者： Pedro Henrique Oliveira Simoes Candido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto Manoel Tavares de Paula Dênmora Gomes de Araújo Rodrigo Silva do Vale Joao Olegário Pereira de Carvalho universidade federal de Mato Grosso Campus Universitario de SinopSinop 78550728Mato GrossoBrazil universidade federal rural da amazonia Campus BelemBelem 66077830ParaBrazil universidade do Estado do Para Centro de Ciencias Naturais e TecnologiaBelem 66095015ParaBrazil universidade federal rural da amazonia Campus Capitao-PocoCapitao Poco 68650000ParaBrazil

Studies on fertilization management of species native to the Amazon for energy plantations contribute to the diversity of species use and reduce biological risk due to the excessive use of clones or hybrids of Eucalyptus.This study evaluates the effect of precipitation seasonality and phosphorus and potassium fertilization on gas exchange in a Tachigali vulgaris plantation.Three levels of P(zero,65.2,130.4 kg ha^(-1))and three of K(zero,100.0,200.0 kg ha^(-1))were applied in a 3×3 factorial randomized block design.Gas exchange measurements were conducted in April and November 2018.In low rainfall,high irradiance period,photo synthetic rates were up to four times higher than in the high rainfall period,reaching 20.3μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)in the treatment with 130.4 g kg^(-1)of P and 100.0 g kg^(-1)of K.Factor analysis and principal component analysis reduced the initial eight gas exchange variables to two and three principal components in periods of high and low rainfall,respectively.The multivariate method used in this study readily identified variations in the variables as a function of rainfall,with high reliability in explaining the data set.

关键词： Photosynthesis rate Stomatal conductance Principal component analysis Factor analysis Tachigali vulgaris

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Distinct physiological mechanisms underpin growth and rehydration of Hymenaea courbaril and Hymenaea stigonocarpa upon short-term exposure to drought stress

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 113-123页

作者： Luana M.Luz Ediane C.Alves Nariane Q.Vilhena Tamires B.Oliveira Zara G.B.Silva Joze M.N.Freitas Candido F.O.Neto Roberto C.L.Costa Lucas C.Costa universidade federal rural da AmazOia CapanemaPA 68700-665Brazil universidade federal rural da AmazEia BelémPA 66077-830Brazil

Plants hold biochemical and physiological mechanisms to withstand drought conditions.Generally,depending on water deficit interval,plant rehydration relies on how it can retain growth or a positive water balance—or rarely both.In this study,two species of Hymenaea,one from the Amazon and the other from the Brazilian Cerrado,were investigated for their physiological mechanism associated with growth rehydration upon short-term exposure to drought stress.Our findings demonstrate that Hymenaea courbaril tends to invest in nitrogen to the detriment of carbon compounds,-as it is limited by lower net photosynthesis-and adjust root growth to attenuate drought stress responses.In contrast,Hymenaea stigonocarpa takes advantage of higher water potential and a basal rate of lower net photosynthesis to support aboveground growth under such conditions.Hence,it is postulated that there are distinct ways of controlling water status and growth between H.courbaril and H.stigonocarpa,which are determined either by the ability of the species to keep net photosynthesis at low levels of water content or by favoring the accumulation of nitrogen compounds.Both mechanisms were effective with regards to water use efficiency and thus it is reasonable to suggest that strategies are not exclusive and may work under adverse conditions,as observed in Amazon and Brazilian Cerrado biomes.Query.

关键词： Hymenaea courbaril Hymenaea stigonocarpa Growth Photosynthesis Water deficit

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Intake,digestibility and nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical forage and supplemented with protein in the rumen,abomasum,or both

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 544-553页

作者： Luana Marta de Almeida Rufino Edenio Detmann daianyíris Gomes William Lima Santiago dos Reis Erick darlisson Batista Sebastiao de Campos Valadares Filho Mário Fonseca Paulino Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal de Viaosa Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal Rural da Amaznia

Background： There is little information in the tropics with regard the comparative understanding of how an increased nitrogen supply in the rumen or in the intestines affects efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle. This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds in the rumen, abomasum, or both on intake, digestibility and the characteristics of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical forage. Four rumen- and abomasum-fistulated Nellore bulls （227 ± 11 kg） were used. Four treatments were evaluated： control, ruminal supplementation （230 g/d of supplemental protein in the rumen）, abomasal supplementation （230 g/d of supplemental protein in the abomasum）, and ruminal and abomasal supplementation （115 g/d protein in both the rumen and the abomasum）. The basal forage diet consisted of Tifton 85 hay with a crude protein （CP） level of 78.4 g/kg dry matter. Casein was used as a supplement. The experiment was conducted using a 4 x 4 Latin square. Results： There were no differences between the treatments （P 〉 0.10） with regard to forage intake. The intake and tota digestibility of CP increased （P 〈 0.01） with supplementation. The nitrogen balance in the body increased （P 〈 0.01） and muscle protein mobilization decreased （P 〈 0.01） with supplementation, regardless of the supplementation site. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization did not differ among the treatments （P 〉 0.10）. Conclusions： The supplementation of cattle fed tropical forage with protein in the rumen, abomasum, or both similarly increased the nitrogen accretion in animal, which reflects improvements on nitrogen status in animal body.

关键词： Casein Nitrogen balance Rumen ammonia nitrogen Supplementation 3-methylhistidine

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Urbanization drives adaptive evolution in a Neotropical bird

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 607-619页

作者： Rilquer Mascarenhas Pedro Milet Meirelles Henrique Batalha-Filho National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution(INCT IN-TREE) Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal da Bahia40170-115 SalvadorBahiaBrazil

Urbanization has dramatic impacts on natural habitats and such changes may potentially drive local adaptation of urban populations.Behavioral change has been specifically shown to facilitate the fast adaptation of birds to changing environments,but few studies have investigated the genetic mechanisms of this process.Such investigations could provide insights into questions about both evolutionary theory and management of urban populations.In this study,we investigated whether local adaptation has occurred in urban populations of a Neotropical bird species,Coereba flaveola,specifically addressing whether observed behavioral adaptations are correlated to genetic signatures of natural selection.To answer this question,we sampled 24 individuals in urban and rural environments,and searched for selected loci through a genome-scan approach based on RADseq genomic data,generated and assembled using a reference genome for the species.We recovered 46 loci as putative selection outliers,and 30 of them were identified as associated with biological processes possibly related to urban adaptation,such as the regulation of energetic metabolism,regulation of genetic expression,and changes in the immunological system.Moreover,genes involved in the development of the nervous system showed signatures of selection,suggesting a link between behavioral and genetic adaptations.Our findings,in conjunction with similar results in previous studies,support the idea that cities provide a similar selective pressure on urban populations and that behavioral plasticity may be enhanced through genetic changes in urban populations.

关键词： behavioral adaptation phenotypic plasticity selection selective sweep South America

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Osmoregulators in Hymenaea courbaril and Hymenaea stigonocarpa under water stress and rehydration

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1475-1479页

作者： Luma Castro de Souza Luana Moraes da Luz Je′ssica Taynara da Silva Martins Candido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto Juscelino Goncalves Palheta Tamires Borges de Oliveira Ediane Conceicao Alves Risely Ferraz de Almeida Raimundo Leonardo Lima de Oliveira Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa Nariane Quaresma Vilhena universidade estadual paulista ju′lio de mesquita filho JaboticabalSP 14884-900Brazil universidade federal rural da amazonia(UFRA) Campus CapanemaCapanema 68700-030Brazil universidade federal rural da amazonia Campus BelemBelem 66077-830Brazil universidade federal de Vicosa(UFV) Vicosa 36570-900Brazil universidade Estadual Paulista Ju′lio de Mesquita Fiho(UNESP) Jaboticabal 14884-900Brazil universidade do Estado do Para′(UEPA) Bele′m 66113-200Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different water deficiency and rehydration levels on the concentrations of osmoregulators in two plant species（Hymenaea courbaril and H. Stigonocarpa） in the Amazon. We adopted a 2×5×5 factorial system,referring to 2 species（H. courbaril and H. stigonocarpa）and 5 stages of hydration and rehydration. The five hydration and rehydration stages were established in:（1）Control treatment E0;（2） Plants with 13 days of stress after incubation—E13;（3） Plants with 26 days of stress E26;（4）The plants that were established after 26 days after incubation and rehydrated for two days（RD2）;（5） rehydrated for two days（RD4）. The plants that were established after 26 days after incubation and rehydrated for four days. The experiment totaled fifty young plants with five replicates.Biochemical measurements were performed at the beginning of the experiment（E0） at 13（E13） and 26（E26） days after the water stress, in which the plants were rehydrated,repeating the analyses after two（RD2） and four（RD4）days. Both species increased the sucrose concentration by18%, with a decrease of 52% in starch content. The RD4 time presented the highest mean starch concentration(0.19 mmol g-1 of the residue for H. courbaril and0.27 mmol g;of residue for H. stigonocarpa). Increased proline concentrations were recorded for controls until RD2 for both species. For glycine betaine, the highest increases in treatments E26 and RD2 were observed for the H. courbaril species. Our rehydration period was not sufficient for total recovery of pre-stress concentrations of all studied solutes.

关键词： amazonia Water stress Osmotic adjustment Proline Sucrose

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