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Relationships of open-field behaviour with anxiety in the elevated zero-maze test:Focus on freezing and grooming

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2014年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Sira Diaz-Moran Celio Estanislau Toni Canete Gloria Blazquez Andrea Raez Adolf Tobena Albert Fernandez-Teruel Medical Psychology Unit Department of Psychiatry&Forensic MedicineInstitute of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineAuto-nomous University of BarcelonaBarcelonaEspana Grupo de Pesquisa em Psicobiologia Departamento de Psicologia Geral e Analise do ComportamentoUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaLondrinaBrazil

The National Institutes of Health Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Stock (NIH-HS) is a unique tool for genetic studies of complex traits due to its high genetic heterogeneity and to its high level of genetic recombinants accumulated along many outbreeding generations. In the present study, 90 NIH-HS male rats were tested for anxiety/fearfulness in the elevated zero-maze and in the open-field test in order to investigate the associations among defensive responses from both tests and, in particular, those among open- field self-grooming and freezing. These associations were evaluated by means of a correlational-factorial approach and an analysis of differences between sub- groups displaying extreme scores in representative variables. The final factor analysis revealed a first factor with high loadings of all variables from the zero-maze (“Maze timidity/conflict” factor), and a second (independent) factor dominated by open-field crossings (-0.74), rearings (-0.62) and freezing (0.65), with lower loadings of open-field grooming (-0.39) and stretched attend postures, as well as of entries and time (loadings of -0.32 to -0.25) in the open sections of the zero-maze (“Open Behavior inhibition/ desinhibition” factor), suggesting that open-field self-grooming is a response associated to activity, in the present study, rather than to inhibition. Furthermore, the finding that grooming in the OF loaded negatively in a second factor supports a relationship between grooming and dearousal. Present results, thus, are in accordance with the usefulness of these tests for the purposes they are commonly employed and add new evidence supporting their concurrent validity, as indicated by the relationships observed among measures from both tests.

关键词： Genetically Heterogeneous NIH-HS Stock Elevated Zero-Maze Open-Field Freezing Grooming

What can we learn on rodent fearfulness/anxiety from the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock?

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第2期3卷 238-250页

作者： Sira Diaz-Moran Esther Martinez-Membrives Regina Lopez-Aumatell Toni Canete Gloria Blazquez Marta Palencia Carme Mont-Cardona Celio Estanislau Adolf Tobena Alberto Fernandez-Teruel Medical Psychology Unit Department of Psychiatry&Forensic MedicineInstitute of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics OxfordUK Grupo de Pesquisa em Psicobiologia Departamento de Psicologia Geral e Análise do ComportamentoUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaLondrinaBrazil

The “National Institutes of Health” genetically heterogeneous (NIH-HS) rat stock was created in the 1980s through an eight-way cross of as much as possible separate inbred rat strains (i.e. the MR/N, WN/N, WKY/N, M520/N, F344/N, ACI/N, BN/SsN and BUF/N strains) which were readily available at that time. Hansen and Spuhler [1] developed a more naturalistic, genetically heterogeneous rat stock with the aim of optimizing the distribution of genotypic frequencies and recombination and under the hypothesis that the NIH-HS stock could yield a broad-range distribution of responses (broader than commonly used laboratory rat strains) to experimental conditions, and thus serve as a base population for selection studies. Along the last decade, in a series of studies we have phenotypically characterized the NIH-HS rat stock (a colony exists at our laboratory since 2004) for their anxiety/fearfulness profiles (using a battery of both unconditioned and conditioned tests/tasks), as well as regarding their stress-induced hormonal responses, coping style under inescapable stress and spatial learning ability. We have also compared the phenotypic profiles of NIH-HS rats with those of the low anxious RHA-I and the high anxious RLA-I rat strains. The NIH-HS rat stock is, as a population, a rather anxious type of rat, with predominantly reactive/passive coping style in unlearned and learned anxiety/fear tests, and elevated stress hormone responses (as well as enhanced “depressive” symptoms in the forced swimming test). Genetic studies currently under way have thus far revealed that the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock constitutes a unique tool for fine mapping of QTL (for multiple behavioural and biological complex traits) to megabase resolution levels, thus enabling candidate gene identification. We give some examples of this in the present paper, while also highlighting that microarray gene expression studies reveal that HPA-axis- and prolactin-related genes (among others) in the amygdala appear to be related with (or asso

关键词： Anxiety Fearfulness Stress Hormones HPA Axis Responses Forced Swimming Test Genetically Heterogeneous NIH-HS Stock RHA-I/RLA-I Rats

Canine Hypoadrenocorticism: A Bibliographic Review

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第9期10卷 164-172页

作者： Cinthia Peres Camilo Mauro José Lahm Cardoso Paula Nassar de Marchi Fernando Galdino Ricci Murilo Sousa Romeiro department of Veterinary Clinics Veterinary Hospital Londrina State University Londrina Brazil Qualittas College S&atilde o Paulo Brazil universidade de Sorocaba Campus Cidade Universitária Sorocaba Brazil department of Microbiology Center of Biological Sciences Londrina State University Londrina Brazil

Canine hypoadrenocorticism may be characterized by insufficiency of adrenocortical hormonal secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Clinical signs are nonspecific such as dehydration, hypovolemic shock, bradycardia, hypotension, emesis, diarrhea, among other clinical and laboratory changes, and can mimic other diseases, and because of this, the disease can go unnoticed by the veterinarian, increasing the mortality and morbidity of patients seen in emergency consultations. despite being of low occurrence, hypoadrenocorticism is often underdiagnosed, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in the presence of gastrointestinal clinical signs or hypovolemic shock, and low Sodium:Potassium ratio. The definitive diagnosis is based on the dosage of cortisol before and after the application of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Acute treatment consists of patient stabilization, and chronic includes replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Prognosis is usually favorable if the diagnosis is early and the correct treatment is performed. This article is a review focusing on clinical signs, laboratory findings, diagnosis and treatment on canine hypoadrenocorticism, to increase the knowledge about the disease to veterinarians.

关键词： Addison Aldosterone Cortisol Hyperkalemia ACTH

Nanotoxicology and Exposure in the Occupational Setting

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2015年第3期3卷 35-48页

作者： Tiago Severo Peixe Elizabeth de Souza Nascimento Katie Larson Schofield Arline S.A.Arcuri Rachel P.Bulcao departamento de Patologia Análises Clínicas e ToxicológicasUniversidade Estadual de Londrina(UEL)LondrinaBrasil departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas(FCF)Universidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao PauloBrasil The Work Comp Experts(SFM) MinneapolisUSA Coordenacao de Higiene Ocupacional FundacentroMinisterio do Trabalho e EmpregoSao PauloBrasil Faculdade Educacional Araucária(FACEAR) AraucáriaBrasil

Nanotechnology refers to the ability to control the composition of molecules and atoms within the range of 1.00 - 100 nm. At this scale, many materials exhibit novel properties when compared with their micro or macro-sized equivalents, including, for example, chemical reactivity, strength, mobility and solubility. Nanoparticles are prime candidates for toxicity because they possess a much greater surface to volume ratio (i.e. the surface area compared to the volume) than larger particles of that same material;they can have biopersistance and higher oxidant capacity, penetrate epithelium and reach interstitial pulmonary region. In an industrial setting, workers may present the main exposure risk potential among humans, and they may be involved in the entire product life cycle. There are needs to protect public and environmental health and safety. Currently, no standards or regulations exist that apply or refer specifically to nanomaterials impacts.

关键词： Nanotoxicology Occupational Workers Nanoparticles Exposure

在大鼠胰岛素引发的低血糖过程中对抗调节激素间的协同作用：脂…

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中国药理学报 1996年第5期17卷 455-459页

作者： Souz.,HM Hell,NS universidade estadual de londrina 巴西 universidade de Sao Paulo 巴西 Universitdade estadual de Maringa 巴西

Ｓｙｎｅｒｇｉｓｔｉｃｅｆｅｃｔｏｆｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｙｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｉｎｓｕｌｉｎｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｈｙｐｏｇｌｙｃｅｍｉａｉｎｒａｔｓ：ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｐｏｌｙｓｉｓａｎ... 详细信息

Ｓｙｎｅｒｇｉｓｔｉｃｅｆｅｃｔｏｆｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｙｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｉｎｓｕｌｉｎｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｈｙｐｏｇｌｙｃｅｍｉａｉｎｒａｔｓ：ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｐｏｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄｇｌｕｃｏｎｅｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｔ...

关键词：胰岛素血糖高血糖糖元异生脂肪分解激素

Evolution of Pre-Columbian Metallurgy from the North of Peru Studied with a Portable Non-invasive Equipment Using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2011年第1期1卷 48-81页

作者： Roberto Cesareo Angel Bustamante D Julio Fabian S Sandra Zambrano A Walter Alva Luis Chero del Carmen Espinoza C Rosendo Rodriguez R Marco Seclen F Fidel Gutierrez V E.B. Ldvano Gonzales A. Marcia A. Rizzutto Enrico Poli Cristiane Calza Marcelino dos Anjos Ricardo T. Lopes Giovanni E. Gigante Gabriel M. Ingo Cristina Riccucci Carlos Elera Izumi Shimada Victor Curay Castillo G and Fabio Lopes Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Universith di Sassari Sassari Italy Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peri4 Museo ＂Tumbas Reales de Sip6n ＂ Lambayeque Perlt Instituto de Fisica Universidade de S6o Paulo SP Brasil Asociaci6n cultural e Museo Enrico Poli Lima Peru COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil Dipartimento di Energetica Universith di Roma ＂La Sapienza ＂ Rome Italy lstituto Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati-CNR Area Ricerca RM1-Montelibretti Rome Italy Museo de Sic6n Ferrahqfe Perit Istituto Nacional de Cultura Piura Peru universidade estadual de londrina Londrina PR Brasil

On the north coast of present-day Peru, between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean, prospered approximately between 1000 BC and 1375 AD, several relevant cultures: Chavín (1000-200 BC), Vicús and Frías (200 BC - 300 AD), Moche (400 BC-700 AD), Sicán (700-1375 AD). These cultures are interconnected and characterized by a high metallurgical ability, demonstrated by the presence of beautiful artifacts on gold, silver and copper alloys. More than hundred metal artefacts from these cultures were analyzed with a portable equipment which uses the non-destructive and non-invasive technique of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Following objects were analyzed: (1) gold, silver and copper objects from the Chavín culture (Museo Municipal of Piura and and Museo Enrico Poli in Lima); (2) gold and silver objects from the Vicús and Frías cultures (Museo Municipal of Piura); (3) gold, silver and copper objects from the Moche culture ("Museo Tumbas Reales de Sipán", "Museo de Sitio de Huaca Rajada" in Lambayeque and Museo Enrico Poli in Lima); (4) gold, silver and copper objects from the Sicán culture (Museum of Sicán, Ferra?afe). Portable equipments were employed, mainly composed of a small size X-ray tube and a thermoelectrically cooled, small size, Si-PIN or Si-drift X-ray detectors. The main characteristics of the EDXRF-technique is of being non destructive and multi-elemental. Standard samples of gold and silver alloys were employed for calibration and quantitative analysis. The aims of this campaign of analysis were: (1) to analyze a large number of objects; (2) to differentiate gold, gilded copper and tumbaga (this last being a poor gold alloy enriched at the surface by depletion gilding); (3) to correlate, when possible, composition of analyzed alloys to the specific culture; (4) to determine a possible evolution of metallurgy; (5) to better determine characteristics and beginning time of tumbaga production. It was determined that the analyzed artefacts are composed of gold, silver and copper alloys, of gilded cop

关键词： X射线荧光技术能量色散侵入性冶金鲁北设备使用便携式哥伦布

Corynespora Leaf Blight of Cotton in Brazil and Its Management

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3805-3811页

作者： Rafael Galbieri Dalt C.E.B.Araujo Leimi Kobayasti Larissa Girotto Janaina N.Matos Mariana S.Marangoni W.P.Almeida Yeshwant R.Mehta Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodao(IMA) Primavera do Leste—MTTropical Agriculture—FAMEVZ/UFMTCuiabáBrazil universidade Federal de Mato Grosso—UFMT CuiabáBrazil Instituto Agronomico do Parana—IAPAR LondrinaBrazil

In recent years, Corynespora leaf blight is on the increase in cotton and has become an important disease in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It attacks several plant species including soybean. It is not yet known whether the same strain of this pathogen attacks both the crops. The objectives of the present investigation were to verify the genotypic and phenotypic variation between the isolates attacking cotton and soybean and to verify the sources of resistance in cotton. Differential response of 23 cotton genotypes was studied under glasshouse conditions using mixture of two randomly selected isolates of C. cassiicola of cotton in equal proportion. Genotypic variation among three cotton and two soybean isolates was studied using ERIC/REP-PCR and rDNA molecular techniques. With one exception, all the cotton genotypes tested so far were susceptible to C. cassiicola isolates of both cotton and soybean. Similarly, results of both molecular techniques indicated that the C. cassiicola isolates attacking cotton and soybean belong to the same strain of the pathogen in Brazil. Since Corynespora blight is a newly immerging disease of cotton and soybean in Brazil, integration of crop rotation and the sanitary practices are suggested to manage the disease.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum Corynespora cassiicola Target Spot

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合金球墨铸铁的渗硼等温淬火

热处理 2016年第6期31卷 20-26页

作者： Fabio Edson Mariani Gustavo Satoru Takeya Luiz Carlos Casteletti Amadeu Lombardi Neto George Edward Totten universidade de Sao Paulo Sao CarlosSao PauloBrazil universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana Londrina Parana Brazil Portland State University Portland0regonUSA

热处理能明显改善球墨铸铁（以下简称球铁译注）的性能，获得等温淬火球铁（ADI ）。通过渗硼形成高硬度（2100 HV）的渗层能进一步提高性能。本文研究用球铁含有合金元素铜、铜镍和铜镍钼，在850℃、900℃和950℃的盐浴（硼砂＋铝）中... 详细信息

热处理能明显改善球墨铸铁（以下简称球铁译注）的性能，获得等温淬火球铁（ADI ）。通过渗硼形成高硬度（2100 HV）的渗层能进一步提高性能。本文研究用球铁含有合金元素铜、铜镍和铜镍钼，在850℃、900℃和950℃的盐浴（硼砂＋铝）中渗硼2 h和4 h，然后将试样直接从渗硼温度在240℃、300℃和360℃的盐浴中等温淬火（渗硼等温淬火），渗硼后不需要为了等温淬火而再次奥氏体化加热。渗硼层均匀，厚度35～130μm，硬度1300～1700 HV。

关键词：等温淬火球铁合金元素渗硼等温淬火黏着磨损

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固体法制备碳化铌渗层的灰口铸铁的耐磨性能

热处理 2016年第3期31卷 27-30页

作者： Fábio Edson Mariani Gustavo Bortoluci de Assis Luiz Carlos Casteletti Amadeu Lombardi Neto George Edward Totten universidade de Silo Paulo Silo Carlos Silo Paulo Brazil universidade Tecnologiea Federal do Parana Londrina Parana Brazil Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

灰口铸铁由于其成本低廉、减振和切削加工性能良好获得应用。这些突出优点源自游离态石墨的存在和液态金属的良好流动性,后者有利于制作形状复杂的薄壁铸件。适合的渗层能改善灰口铸铁的耐磨性,从而扩大其应用范围。高硬度的碳化铌可以... 详细信息

灰口铸铁由于其成本低廉、减振和切削加工性能良好获得应用。这些突出优点源自游离态石墨的存在和液态金属的良好流动性,后者有利于制作形状复杂的薄壁铸件。适合的渗层能改善灰口铸铁的耐磨性,从而扩大其应用范围。高硬度的碳化铌可以达到这一目的。本文研究用的灰口铸铁试样成分为3.47%C-2.39%Si-0.55%Mn-0.15%Ni-0.65%Cu-Fe(余量),采用Fe-Ni合金、NH_4Cl和Al_2O_3的粉末混合物进行热反应扩散渗铌,温度900℃,时间2 h。碳化铌渗层的硬度可达2 000 HV,微黏着磨损和微磨粒磨损试验证明,固体渗铌处理可显著提高灰口铸铁的耐磨性。

关键词：灰口铸铁渗铌碳化铌耐磨性