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Toxoplasma gondii causes death and plastic alteration in the jejunal myenteric plexus

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第16期21卷 4829-4839页

作者： Eduardo Joséde Almeida Araújo Larissa Marchi Zaniolo Suellen Laís Vicentino Marcelo Biondaro Góis Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni Aristeu Vieira da Silva Débora de Mello Goncales Sant'Ana departamento de Histologia Centro de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidade Estadual de Londrina Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciencia Animal Universidade Paranaense departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas.universidade estadual de Maringa departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

AIM:To assess the effects of ME-49 Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii) strain infection on the myenteric plexus and external muscle of the jejunum in rats.METHODS:Thirty rats were distributed into two groups:the control group(CG)(n = 15) received 1 m L of saline solution orally, and the infected group(IG)(n=15)inoculated with 1 m L of saline solution containing500 oocysts of M-49 T.gondii strain orally.After 36 d of infection,the rats were euthanized.Infection with T.gondii was confirmed by blood samples collected from all rats at the beginning and end of the experiment.The jejunum of five animals was removed and submitted to routine histological processing(paraffin)for analysis of external muscle thickness.The remaining jejunum from the others animals was used to analyze the general population and the NADH-diaphorase,VIPergic and nitrergic subpopulations of myenteric neurons;and the enteric glial cells(S100-IR).RESULTS:Serological analysis showed that animals from the IG were infected with the parasite.Hypertrophy affecting jejunal muscle thickness was observed in the IG rats(77.02±42.71)in relation to the CG(51.40±12.34),Pded that infection with oocysts of ME-49 T.gondii strain caused quantitative and plastic alterations in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum in rats.

关键词： Enteric nervous system Infectious diseases Glial cells Nitric oxide Neuronal plasticity Smallintestine Toxoplasmosis Vasoactive intestinal peptide

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Dietary xylanase and live yeast supplementation influence intestinal bacterial populations and growth performance of piglets fed a sorghum-based diet

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第4期6卷 457-466页

作者： Gemma González-Ortiz Marco A.Callegari Pete Wilcock Diego Melo-Duran Michael R.Bedford Hilário R.V.Oliveira Marcos A.A.da Silva Carlos R.Pierozan Caio A.da Silva AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom AKEI Animal Research Fartura18870000Brazil Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal(SNiBA) Department de Ciencia Animal i dels AlimentsUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB)08193Spain universidade estadual Norte do Parana Bandeirantes86360000Brazil Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina86051990Brazil

This study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation and the addition of live yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in piglets.One hundred and eighty commercial crossbred 23-d-old piglets(PIC 417)were sorted by initial BW and allocated to 3 treatments:control(CTR)diet,CTR diet supplemented with xylanase at 16,000 birch xylan units/kg(XYL)and XYL diet supplemented with live yeast(2 x 1010 CFU/g)at 1 kg/t(XYL+LY).Each treatment had 10 replicates,with 6 animals each.A sorghum-based diet and water were available ad libitum for 42 d of the study.Average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)were measured from 0 to 42 d(23-to 65-d-old)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)calculated.At the end of the study,bacterial identification through 16 S rRNA(V3 to V4)sequencing of the ileal and caecal digesta from one piglet per replicate was performed.No treatment effects were observed on ADFI.Pigs offered the live yeast in addition to the xylanase had increased ADG compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone(XYL+LY vs.XYL;P=0.655).FCR was improved with XYL and XYL+LY compared with CTR(P=0.018).Clostridiaceae counts in the ileum tended to reduce by 10%with XYL and 14%with XYL+LY compared to CTR(P=0.07).XYL and XYL+LY increased the counts of Lactobacillaceae in the caecum compared with CTR(P<0.0001).Dietary supplementation of live yeast combined with xylanase improved growth performance and microbial balance of piglets during the nursery phase.

关键词： Sorghum Nursery piglet Xylanase Live yeast Growth performance Microbiota

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Antimicrobial potential of aqueous coffee extracts against pathogens and Lactobacillus species:A food matrix application

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 1142-1149页

作者： Luiza Andrea Canci Marta de Toledo Benassi Cristiane Canan Daneysa Lahis Kalschne Eliane Colla departamento de Alimentos Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáAvenida Brasil4232Bairro Independência85884-000MedianeiraPRBrazil Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual de LondrinaRodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445 Km 38086057-970LondrinaParanáBrazil

Coffee is recognized by its bioactive potential,mainly antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobioal potential of aqueous extracts of Coffea arabica(AR)(roasted)and Coffea canephora[roasted(CR)and green(CG)]against patogens Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli,and probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.Firstly,the strain's sensitivity were tested by disk diffusion method,followed by the evaluation of growth kinetics(lag phase duration,maximum specific growth rate and logarithmic increase in the population)in culture media and in a food matrix(milk)by the adjustment of Gompertz predictive model.In the step of strain sensivity tests,S.Typhimurium and E.coli were sensitive against all coffee extracts from 0.5%to 5.0%,while the Lactobacilli growth were not affected.In the growth kinetic tests in culture media,roasted coffees extracts reduced logarithmic increase in the population and maximum specific growth rate and improved lag phase for S.Typhimurium;for E.coli the growth was completely inhibited with 2.5%CR and 5.0%AR.The correlations between growth parameters with coffee bioactive contents suggested that melanoidins had the main antimicrobial effect.In the step of food matrix application(growth kinetics in milk),the addition of 5.0%CR reduced S.Typhimurium and E.coli multiplication,while the probiotics L.plantarum and L.rhamnosus where not inhibetd,suggesting a selective effect of coffee extracts as an antimicrobial agent,which may be of great interest for the food industry,especially for probiotic foods application.

关键词： Coffea arabica Coffea canephora Escherichia coli Green coffee Roasted coffee Salmonella Typhimurium

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Using dung beetles to evaluate the effects of urbanization on Atlantic Forest biodiversity

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 393-406页

作者： Vanesca Korasaki Jose Lopes George Gardner Brown Julio Louzada departamento de Agronomia departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina-PR Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu~ria Embrapa Florestas Colombo-PR departamento de Biologia Setor de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras Minas Gerais Brazil

We used dung beetles to evaluate the impact of urbanization on insect biodi- versity in three Atlantic Forest fragments in londrina, Parana, Brazil. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of urbanization on richness, abundance, compo- sition and guild structure of dung beetle communities from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the community aspects （abundance, richness, composition and food guilds） of dung beetles in fragments with different degrees of immersion in the urban matrix using pitfall traps with four alternative baits （rotten meat, rotten fish, pig dung and decaying ba- nana）. A total of 1 719 individuals were collected, belonging to 29 species from 11 genera and six Scarabaeinae tribes. The most urban-immersed fragment showed a higher species dominance and the beetle community captured on dung presented the greatest evenness. The beetle communities were distinct with respect to the fragments and feeding habits. Except for the dung beetle assemblage in the most urbanized forest fragment, all others exhibited contrasting differences in species composition attracted to each bait type. Our results clearly show that the degree of urbanization affects Atlantic Forest dung beetle communities and that the preservation of forest fragments inside the cities, even small ones, can provide refuges for Scarabaeinae.

关键词： bioindicator coprophagous beetles food preference fragmentation habitat loss urban matrix

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Selective logging alters allometric relationships of five tropical tree species in seasonal semi-deciduous forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1633-1639页

作者： Diego Resende Rodrigues Yves Rafael Bovolenta José Antonio Pimenta Edmilson Bianchini departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal Centro de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Londrina

In selectively logged forests,trees are more likely to expand their diameters(D)at the expense of height(H)growth,resulting in variations in H:D relationships.This study examines how selective logging affects the H:D allometric relationships of five common tree species and whether the effects vary with functional groups(shade-intolerant or shade tolerant)in seasonal semi-deciduous forests.Individuals of five species in a 3000 m^2(0.3 ha)plot were marked and heights and diameters recorded.Most of the species,with one exception,showed greater investment in diameter per increment of height compared to an unlogged forest,possibly because of the greater light available.This study shows the effects of selective logging on species populations as evidenced by increases in H:D ratios.Comparison of forest fragments with different degrees of human impact is important because it allows us to understand the differences in architectural characteristics caused by selective logging.

关键词： Allometry Anthropic exploitation Ecological groups Luminosity Selective logging

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Care Measures and Health Outcomes in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Brazil

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期13卷 697-706页

作者： Arnildo Linck Junior Flávia Lopes Gabani Edmarlon Girotto Ana Maria Rigo Silva Selma Maffei Andrade department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil

Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, including Brazil, conditions that favor mortality in the PICU remain significant. Compared to developed countries, there is a shortage of skilled human resources, lower availability of technological resources, greater difficulty of access and a higher incidence of infections, including both those acquired prior to admission and those resulting from treatment and hospitalization (i.e., healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)). HAIs in the PICU include ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related bloodstream infections. Actions for the prevention of HAIs can minimize the occurrence of negative outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is an epidemiological study comparing admissions at the PICU of a high-complexity hospital in South Brazil over two three-year periods: 2012-2014 (before the measures were adopted) and 2015-2017 (after the measures). The care measures were adopted mainly at the beginning of 2015 and consisted of expansion of physical therapy care, adoption of care protocols, acquisition of new materials and equipment (transparent dressings for central catheters, high-tech mechanical ventilators and multiparametric monitors) and multidisciplinary team training. The frequency of the outcomes mortality, length of PICU stay, diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection, need for and duration of ventilatory support and diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia were compared between the two trienniums using logistic regression with adjustment for age in months and need of vasoactive drugs. Results: A total of 1140 admissions were analyzed (470 in the first triennium and 670 in the second), representing an increase in the admission rate of 42.6% after the adoption of the measures. After adjustments, significant reductions in the frequency of mortality (adjusted OR [adjOR] = 0.54;CI 95%: 0.34 - 0.84), length of PICU stay > 7 days (adjOR = 0.75;CI 95%: 0.57 - 0.97) and duration of ventilatory support > 7 days (adjOR = 0.54;CI 95%: 0.39 - 0.74) we

关键词： Pediatric Intensive Care Units Outcomes Assessment In-Hospital Mortality Hospital Stay Mechanical Ventilation Catheter-Related Infections

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Evaluation of Formaldehyde as a Potential Cause of Olfactory Dysfunction in Hairdressers

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第3期11卷 143-149页

作者： Linda Bitencourt Cabral Mariana Andrade Miyamoto Natália Medeiros Dias Lopes Ellen Cristine Duarte Garcia Tiago Severo Peixe Marco Aurélio Fornazieri department of Clinical Surgery Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil Medical School Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Londrina Brazil GEM Center of Excellence in Research Teaching and Health Care Londrina Brazil department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the olfactory function between hairdressers exposed to formaldehyde and unexposed controls, as exposure to toxic agents is a potential cause of olfactory disorders in humans. Hairdressing professionals frequently encounter formaldehyde, a component found in hair products that are known to have various toxic effects on the human body, including alterations in the sense of smell. Methods: A total of 32 hairdressing volunteers exposed to formaldehyde and 32 non-exposed volunteers matched for age, sex, education and smoking status underwent the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). Results: The findings demonstrated a decrease in UPSIT® olfactory test scores and a higher degree of olfactory loss among hairdressers exposed to formaldehyde (mean UPSIT® scores: 30.6 vs 35.1, p Conclusion: Occupational exposure of hairdressers to formaldehyde is associated with diminished olfactory function. Education approach and promotion of personal protective equipment usage should be encouraged.

关键词： Formaldehyde Olfaction Disorders Occupational Medicine Toxicology

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Humoral Immune Response of Immunized Sows with Recombinant Proteins of Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第1期5卷 60-68页

作者： Daniele Araujo Pereira Caio Abércioda Silva Mario Augusto Ono Odilon Vidotto Marilda Carlos Vidotto depto de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil depto de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil depto Ciências Patológicas Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil

Enteric disorders in pigs are related to the fimbriae F4 (K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F41 and F18 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Immunization of sows with adhesins is important to stimulate the production of antibodies and the consequent transfer of these to the piglets via colostrum to prevent diarrhea during the neonate period and after weaning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune response of the sows immunized with recombinant ETEC proteins (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41). The immune response of the sows immunized with the recombinant proteins was compared with a commercial vaccine containing ETEC bacterins. The study was performed on a commercial farm and included nine pregnant sows divided into three groups: G1 was vaccinated with recombinant proteins (n = 3);G2 was vaccinated with the commercial vaccine (n = 3);and G3 was vaccinated with sterile buffered saline (PBS) (n = 3). All the sows were fed a balanced diet without antibiotics and water ad libitum. The recombinant fimbriae stimulated the specific humoral immune response of the immunized sows. There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of antibodies to the fimbriae F4 (K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P) and F18 in the sows vaccinated with the recombinant proteins compared with the control group. The colostrum IgG titers for all fimbriae in all the immunized sows were significantly increased compared to the control group. Additionally, all the piglets exhibited significantly increased antibody levels relative to all fimbriae when compared with those in the unimmunized control group, demonstrating successful antibody transfer via colostrum of the sows to the piglets.

关键词： Humoral Immune Response ETEC Recombinant Fimbriae F4 F5 F6 F18 F41

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Sulfonation of （1 →6）-β-D-Glucan （Lasiodiplodan） and Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第12期5卷 850-863页

作者： Gabrielle C. Calegari Vidiany A. Q. Santos Sirlei D. Teixeira Aneli M. Barbosa-dekker Robert F. H. dekker Mairio A. A. da Cunha departamento de Quimica Universidade Tecnol6gica Federal do Paran6 Pato Branco-PR 85503-390 Brasil departamento de Quimica CCE Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina-PR 85503-390 Brasil Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Ambiental Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana Londrina-PR 85503-390Brasil

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Gas Exchanges and Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean under Water Restriction

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 4011-4017页

作者： Paula Cerezini Antonio Eduardo Pípolo Mariangela Hungria Marco Antonio Nogueira department of Agronomy Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina Brazil Embrapa Soybean Londrina Brazil

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in soybean is vulnerable to drought;however, there are genotypic variations among soybean cultivars regarding the ability to keep BNF under moderate water restriction. The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters related to gas exchanges and regulation of BNF in soybean genotypes BNF drought-tolerant (R01-581F and R01-416F), or drought-susceptible (CD 215 and BRS 317), submitted to adequate water supply or restriction between 45 and 55 days after emergence. We searched for traits associated with tolerance/susceptibility to drought, which might be useful in the selection of drought-tolerant soybean genotypes. Plant biomass was not affected under water restriction, but the number and dry weight of nodules reduced by 33% and 12%, respectively, in the average of genotypes. Drought-tolerant genotypes were more effective in maintaining gas exchanges under water restriction. Under water restriction, all genotypes increased the concentration of ureides in nodules, but only the susceptible genotypes showed that in leaves. The maintenance of gas exchanges and N metabolism regulation under water restriction in genotype R01-581F suggests that these parameters may be used to characterize soybean genotypes that can be sources of drought tolerance in genetic breeding programs.

关键词： Bradyrhizobium Drought Glycine max Photosynthesis Ureides

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