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Simultaneous characterization of the atmospheres,surfaces,and exomoons of nearby rocky exoplanets

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第3期2卷 247-256页

作者： WenLiang Cui JinSu Zhang Frederic Schmidt Duo Cui XiaoMeng Huang Tong Li Feng Tian Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department for Earth System ScienceTsinghua University Department of Physics Tsinghua University GEOPS Univ.Paris-SudCNRSUniversité Paris-Saclay

Atmospheric composition is an important indicator of habitability and *** presence or absence of a large exomoon around an Earth-size exoplanet could have important consequences for planet climate *** the detection of exomoons and retrieval of information regarding atmospheric composition of Earth-size exoplanets are important goals of future exoplanet *** a data analysis method is developed to achieve both goals simultaneously,based on reflection spectra of exoplanet-exomoon *** show that the existence of exomoons,the size of exomoons,and the concentrations of some atomic and molecular species in the atmospheres of their hosting Earth-like exoplanets can be retrieved with high levels of *** addition,the method can provide well-constrained fractions of basic surface types on the targets because of the characteristic spectral features of atmospheric species and surface types in the analyzed spectral range.

关键词： exoplanet biosignature exomoon

Nanoparticles with high payloads of pipemidic acid, a poorly soluble crystalline drug: drug-initiated polymerization and self-assembly approach

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第3期8卷 420-431页

作者： Elisabetta Pancani Mario Menendez-Miranda Alexandra Pastor Francois Brisset Marie-Francoise Bernet-Camard Didier Desmaele Ruxandra Gref Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay(ISMO) Univ.of Paris-SudUniversitéParis-Saclay Institut Galien UMR8612 Univ.of Paris-SudUniversitéParis-Saclay Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay(ICMMO) Univ.of Paris-SudUniversitéParis-Saclay EA4043" UnitéBactéries Pathogènes et Santé"(UBaPS) Univ.of Paris-SudUniversitéParis-Saclay

Nowadays, biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid)(PLA), poly(D,L-lactic-coglycolic acid)(PLGA) and poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) remain the most common biomaterials to produce drug-loaded nanoparticles(NPs). Pipemidic acid(PIP) is a poorly soluble antibiotic with a strong tendency to crystallize. PIP incorporation in PLA/PLGA NPs was challenging because of PIP crystals formation and burst release. As PIP had a poor affinity for the NPs, an alternative approach to encapsulation was used, consisting in coupling PIP to PCL. Thus, a PCL–PIP conjugate was successfully synthesized by an original drug-initiated polymerization in a single step without the need of ***–PIP was characterized by NMR, IR, SEC and mass spectrometry. PCL–PIP was used to prepare selfassembled NPs with PIP contents as high as 27%(w/w). The NPs were characterized by microscopy,DLS, NTA and TRPS. This study paves the way towards the production of NPs with high antibiotic payloads by drug-initiated polymerization. Further studies will deal with the synthesis of novel polymer–PIP conjugates with ester bonds between the drug and PCL. PIP can be considered as a model drug and the strategy developed here could be extended to other challenging antibiotics or anticancer drugs and employed to efficiently incorporate them in NPs.

关键词： Pipemidic acid Nanoparticle Antibiotic Nanoprecipitation Crystalline drug Drug-initiated polymerization

The synergy between the payloads on the ASO-S mission

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第11期19卷 115-126页

作者： Jean-Claude Vial Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale University Paris-Sud

This paper addresses the improved science resulting from joint observations performed by the different instruments onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission along with ancillary instruments on missions flying at the same *** first describes the three major instruments along with their stated *** it presents some basic science issues concerning jointly observed flares,coronal mass ejections(CMEs)and eruptive prominences(EPs).Each physical candidate(magnetic reconnection,instability,hard X-ray emission and magnetic coronal field topology)is discussed in terms of its signature and identification with ASO-S *** importance of Lyαdetection and non-LTE modeling is *** instrumental and science challenges are briefly discussed.

关键词： techniques imagery,polarimetry-Sun eruptions,flares,coronal mass ejections

Ultrafast response of harmonic modelocked THz lasers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1530-1537页

作者： Feihu Wang Valentino Pistore Michael Riesch Hanond Nong Pierre-Baptiste Vigneron Raffaele Colombelli Olivier Parillaud Juliette Mangeney Jerome Tignon Christian Jirauschek Sukhdeep S.Dhillon Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Superieure ENSUniversite PSLCNRSSorbonne UniversiteUniversite de ParisParisFrance Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of MunichArcisstr.2180333 MunichGermany Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies CNRSUniv.Paris-SudUniversite Paris-SaclayC2N-Orsay91405 OrsayCedexFrance Ⅲ-ⅤLab 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel91767 PalaiseauFrance

The use of fundamental modelocking to generate short terahertz(THz)pulses and THz frequency combs from semiconductor lasers has become a routine affair,using quantum cascade lasers(QCLs)as a gain ***,unlike classic laser diodes,no demonstrations of harmonic modelocking,active or passive,have been shown in THz QCLs,where multiple pulses per round trip are generated when the laser is modulated at the harmonics of the cavity’s fundamental round-trip ***,using time-resolved THz techniques,we show for the first time harmonic injection and mode-locking in which THz QCLs are modulated at the harmonics of the round-trip *** demonstrate the generation of the harmonic electrical beatnote within a QCL,its injection locking to an active modulation and its direct translation to harmonic pulse generation using the unique ultrafast nature of our ***,we show indications of self-starting harmonic emission,i.e.,without external modulation,where the QCL operates exclusively on a harmonic(up to its 15th harmonic)of the round-trip *** behaviour is supported by time-resolved simulations of induced gain and loss in the system and shows the importance of the electronic,as well as photonic,nature of *** results open up the prospect of passive harmonic modelocking and THz pulse generation,as well as the generation of low-noise microwave generation in the hundreds of GHz region.

关键词： passive harmonic harmonics

Dual and multi-drug delivery nanoparticles towards neuronal survival and synaptic repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第6期12卷 886-889页

作者： Angelina Angelova Borislav Angelov Institut Galien paris-sud CNRS UMR 8612 University of Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Lab Ex LERMIT Institute of Physics ELI Beamlines Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Among the macromolecular drug targets in neurodegenerative disorders, the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and its high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase receptor（Trk B） present strong interest for nanomedicine development aiming at neuronal and synaptic repair. Currently, BDNF is regarded as the neurotrophic factor of highest therapeutic significance. However, BDNF has delivery problems as a protein drug. The enhanced activation of the transcription factor CREB（c AMP response element-binding protein） has been evidenced to increase the BDNF gene expression and hence the production of endogenous BDNF. We assume that BDNF delivery by nanocarriers and mitochondrial protection may provide high potential for therapeutic amelioration of the neuroregenerative strategies. Beneficial therapeutic outcomes may be expected for synergistic dual or multi-drug action aiming at（i） neurotrophic protein regulation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and（ii） diminishment of the production of reactive oxygen species（ROS） and the oxidative damage in mitochondria. Our research strategy is based on a nanoarchitectonics approach for the design of nanomedicine assemblies by hierarchical self-assembly. We explore nanoarchitectonics concepts in soft-matter nanotechnology towards preparation of biodegradable self-assembled lipid nanostructures for safe neuro-therapeutic applications of multi-target nanomedicines.

关键词： neuronal synaptic repair neurotrophic neurotrophin mitochondria CREB biodegradable endogenous aiming

Nondestructive and Fast Vibration Phenotyping of Plants

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Plant Phenomics 2019年第1期1卷 152-161页

作者： E.de Langre O.Penalver P.Hémon J.-M.Frachisse M.-B.Bogeat-Triboulot B.Niez E.Badel B.Moulia LadHyX CNRSEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 PalaiseauFrance Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell(I2BC) CEACNRSUniv.Paris-SudUniversit′e Paris-Saclay91198Gif-sur-Yvette cedexFrance universit′e de Lorraine INRAAgroParisTechUMR Silva54000 NancyFrance universit′e Clermont Auvergne INRAPIAF63100 Clermont-FerrandFrance

The frequencies of free oscillations of plants,or plant parts,depend on their geometries,stiffnesses,and *** direct biomechanical interest,free frequencies also provide insights into plant properties that can usually only bemeasured destructively or with low-throughput techniques(e.g.,change inmass,tissue density,or stiffness over development or with stresses).We propose here a new high-throughput method based on the noncontact measurements of the free frequencies of the standing *** plant is excited by short air pulses(typically 100ms).The resulting motion is recorded by a high speed video camera(100 fps)and processed using fast space and time correlation *** less than aminute the mechanical behavior of the plant is tested over several *** performance and versatility of this method has been tested in three contrasted species:tobacco(Nicotiana benthamian),wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),and poplar(Populus sp.),for a total ofmore than 4000 data *** tobaccowe show that water stress decreased the free frequency by 15%.In wheat we could detect variations of less than 1 g in the mass of *** poplar we could measure frequencies of both the whole stem and *** work provides insight into new potential directions for development of phenotyping.

关键词： directions Vibration insight

Topography,structural and exhumation history of the Admiralty Mountains region,northern Victoria Land,Antarctica

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1841-1858页

作者： Maria Laura Balestrieri Valerio Olivetti Federico Rossetti Cecile Gautheron Silvia Catto Massimiliano Zattin Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSede Secondaria Firenzevia G.La Pira 450121FirenzeItaly Dipartimento di Geoscienze Universita di PadovaPadovaItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Universita degli Studi Roma 3RomaItaly GEOPS Univ.Paris SudCNRS Universite Paris-Saclay91405OrsayFrance

The Admiralty Mountains region forms the northern termination of the northern Victoria Land,*** quantitative data are available to reconstruct the Cenozoic morpho-tectonic evolution of this sector of the Antarctic plate,where the Admiralty Mountains region forms the northern termination of the western shoulder of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic West Antarctica Rift *** this study we combine new low-temperature thermochronological data(apatite fission-track and(U-Th-Sm)/He analyses)with structural and topography *** regional pattern of the fission-track ages shows a general tendency to older ages(80-60 Ma)associated with shortened mean track-lengths in the interior,and younger fission-track ages clustering at 38-26 Ma with long mean track-lengths in the coastal *** from other regions of Victoria Land,the younger ages are found as far as 50-70 km *** grain apatite(U-Th-Sm)/He ages cluster at 50-30 Ma with younger ages in the coastal *** analysis reveals that the Admiralty Mountains has high local relief,with an area close to the coast,180 km long and 70 km large,having the highest local relief of>2500 *** coincides with the location of the youngest fission-track *** shape of the area with highest local relief matches the shape of a recently detected low velocity zone beneath the northern TAM,indicating that high topography of the Admiralty Mountains region is likely sustained by a mantle thermal *** used the obtained constraints on the amount of removed crustal section to reconstruct back-eroded profiles and calculate the erosional load in order to test flexural uplift *** found that our back-eroded profiles are better reproduced by a constant elastic thickness of intermediate values(Te=20-30 km).This suggests that,beneath the Admiralty Mountains,the elastic properties of the lithosphere are different with respect to other TAM sectors,likely due to a stationary Cenozoic upper mantle thermal an

关键词： Antarctica Thermochronology Transantarctic mountains Rift margin uplift

Propagation of a beam halo in accelerator test facility 2 at KEK

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Chinese Physics C 2013年第5期37卷 81-84页

作者：白莎 P. Bambade 高杰 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) LAL Univ Paris-SudCNRS/IN2P3

The beam halo is a major issue for interaction region （IR） backgrounds at many colliders, for example, future linear colliders, B factories, and also it is an important problem at ATF2. In this paper, we report on the halo propagation along the ATF2 beam line with realistic apertures, the nonlinear optics influence on the increasing number of halo particles input is analyzed, and the transmitted halo particles distribution just before the last BPM is then described, the results from which will benefit the Compton recoil electrons measurement.

关键词： ATF2 beam halo Compton scattering Shintake monitor

Role of the ejaculatory bulb in biosynthesis of the male pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate in Drosophila melanogaster

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 89-99页

作者： Gaëlle GUIRAUDIE-CAPRAZ Dang Ba PHO Jean-Marc JALLON UnitéMixte de Recherche universitéde paris-sud et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique n°8620 University of Paris SudOrsayFrance

In Drosophila melanogaster,the male ejaculatory bulb is the site of synthesis of a male-specific pheromone,cis-vaccenyl acetate,which functions as both an attractant and an *** long monounsaturated acetate is structurally similar to a number of shorter gland-synthesized moth *** cell monolayer that forms the Drosophila male ejaculatory bulb wall is responsible for the production and secretion of cis-vaccenyl acetate into the seminal *** dissected bulbs were incubated with sodium[14-C]-acetate(or deuterated acetate),a labeled acetate ester was *** labeled acetate ester co-migrated with cis-vaccenyl acetate in thin layer *** of the abdomens of males from which the ejaculatory bulbs had been removed,or the abdomens of females,with radiolabeled acetate did not yield any acetate ester,but did yield other lipid products,including *** the isolated labeled acetate ester was hydrolyzed,no radioactive vaccenol was *** strongly suggests that the acetyl group is incorporated via a transacetylation reaction,but that the vaccenyl moiety is not synthetized in the *** transacetylation enzyme activity was localized in the microsomal subfraction of the bulb homogenate,and its affinity for vaccenol was not very different from that reported for monounsaturated alcohol substrates in moths.

关键词： cis-vaccenyl acetate Drosophila melanogaster ejaculatory bulb male pheromone microsomes transacetylation