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Seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes as observed by temporally continuous gravity variations in China

Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第1期43卷 8-21页

作者： Gongxu Gu John T. Kuo Keren Liu Jinhan Zheng Hongyan Lu Duanfa Liu State Seismol Bur Inst Geophys Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Columbia univ Lamont Doherty Earth Observ New York NY 10027 USA Columbia univ Aldridge Lab Appl Geophys New York NY 10027 USA

In the last decade and a half, a number of earthquakes of magnitude 4-5 have occurred in the Beijing_Tianjin_Tangshan_Zhangjiakou (BTTZ) region. On the basis of the analysis of the temporally continuous gravity variation data principally from the Baijiatuan (BJTN) semi_permanent gravity base station, a general picture of gravity variation related to the seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes has emerged.\;As gravity variation is generally observed on the earth’s surface, the predominant influence is that of the near_surface groundwater. The subsurface fluids are distributed throughout all depths in the crust and respond to the seismogenic processes of earthquakes as well. The influence of the subsurface fluid on gravity variation is, therefore, of equal importance. The fluids, which include the near_surface groundwater and the subsurface fluids distributed throughout all depths in the crust, play a more important role in the gravity variations in terms of the seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes than previously realized.\;The abundance of accumulated data shows that the dilatancy instability (IPE) model seems not applicable at least to the seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes in the BTTZ region. In order to reflect the physical reality, the earlier proposed combined dilatancy model requires modification. The seismogenic area in the BTTZ region may be modelled as a large pre_stressed volume of a fluid_filled poroelastic medium, including not only the pre_stressed volume surrounding the impending rupture zone but also the volume containing the rupture of the fault zone itself. The pre_stressed volume outside the impending rupture zone is under a state of relatively small change of the pre_existing regional tectonic stress, while the volume containing the impending rupture zone is an induced region of very high local stress concentration, and/or pore over_pressure.\;The calculated gravity variations based on the modified combined dilatancy model (MCD

关键词： gravity variations earthquake groundwater subsurface fluids.

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Signals and noise in the octavolateralis systems: What is the impact of human activities on fish sensory function?

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第1期10卷 4-14页

作者： Christopher B.BRAUN Department of Psychology Hunter CollegeCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA

The octavolateralis systems of fishes include the vestibular,auditory,lateral line and electrosensory *** are united by common developmental and neuro-computational features,including hair cell sensors and computations based on cross-neuron analyses of differential hair cell stimulation *** systems also all use both spectral and temporal filters to separate signals from each other and from noise,and the distributed senses(lateral line and electroreception)add spatial filters as *** all sensory systems,these sensors must provide the animal with guidance for adaptive behavior within a sensory scene composed of multiple stimuli and varying levels of ambient noise,including that created by human *** the extreme,anthropogenic activities impact the octavolateralis systems by destroying or degrading the habitats that provide ecological resources and sensory *** slightly lesser levels of effect,anthropogenic pollutants can be damaging to fish tissues,with sensory organs often the most *** exposed sensory cells of the lateral line and electrosensory systems are especially sensitive to aquatic *** still lesser levels of impact,anthropogenic activities can act as both acute and chronic stressors,activating hormonal changes that may affect behavioral and sensory ***,human activities are now a nearly ubiquitous presence in aquatic habitats,often with no obvious effects on the animals exposed to *** noise,indigenous and industrial fishing techniques,and all the ancillary noises of human civilization form a major part of the soundscape of *** fish use these new sources of information about their habitat is a new and burgeoning field of study.

关键词： audition,electrosense lateral line soundscape underwater noise

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Selective flocculation of fines

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2000年第S1期10卷 8-11页

作者： P.Somasundaran, V.RunkanaLangmuir Center for Colloids and Interfaces, Columbia university, New york, NY 10027, USA Columbia univ Langmuir Ctr Colloids & Interfaces New York NY 10027 USA

A number of factors that affect selective flocculation of fines have been identified and the effect of some of parameters on process behavior has been explained with the help of a few case studies. Experiments with francolite montmorillonite and francolite palygorskite mixtures indicated that francolite recovery depends on pH and the type of dispersant. The results showed that removal of multivalent ionic species on clay mineral surfaces seems to enhance flocculation, and separation efficiency increases as Ca 2+ ions are removed from the surface. When chalcopyrite and quartz are present together, it is however necessary to clean the flocs obtained to remove entrapped quartz.

关键词： flocculation clay minerals phosphate minerals dispersant

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Effects of Inertia and Viscosity on Single Droplet Deformation in Confined Shear Flow

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 706-724页

作者： Samaneh Farokhirad Taehun Lee Jeffrey F.Morris Department of Mechanical Engineering City College of City University of New YorkNew YorkNew York 10031USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Levich Institute City College of City University of New YorkNew YorkNew York 10031USA

Lattice Boltzmann simulations based on the Cahn-Hilliard diffuse interface approach are performed for droplet dynamics in viscous fluid under shear flow,where the degree of confinement between two parallel walls can play an important *** effects of viscosity ratio,capillary number,Reynolds number,and confinement ratio on droplet deformation and break-up in moderately and highly confined shear flows are investigated.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann method droplet deformation confinement

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Intergrain contact density indices for granular mixes——Ⅱ: Liquefaction resistance

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第2期6卷 135-146页

作者： S. Thevanayagam Dept. of Civil Struct. & Env. Eng. State Univ. of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA

Whether the presence of non-plastic silt in a granular mix soil impact its liquefaction potential and how to evaluate liquefaction resistance of sand containing different amounts of silt contents are both controversial issues. This paper presents the results of an experimental evaluation to address these issues. Two parameters, namely, equivalent intergranular void ratio （ec）eq and equivalent interfine void ratio （ef）eq, proposed in a companion paper （Thevanayagam, 2007） as indices of active grain contacts in a granular mix, are used to characterize liquefaction resistance of sands and silty sands. Results indicate that, at the same global void ratio （e）, liquefaction resistance of silty sand decreases with an increase in fines content （Cv） up to a threshold value （Crth）. This is due to a reduction in intergrain contact density between the coarse grains. Beyond Crth, with further addition of fines, the interfine contacts become significant while the inter-coarse grain contacts diminish and coarse grains become dispersed. At the same e, the liquefaction resistance increases and the soil becomes stronger with a fttrther increase in silt content. Beyond a limiting fines content （CrL）, the liquefaction resistance is controlled by interfine contacts only. When Cr〈Crth, at the same （e）eq, the liquefaction resistance of silty sand is comparable to that of the host clean sand at a void ratio equal to （ec）eq. When CF〉CFth, at the same （ef）eq, the cyclic strength of a sandy silt is comparable to the host silt at a void ratio equal to （ef）eq.

关键词： Sand silt fines silty sand liquefaction cyclic strength

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THETOP QUARK

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 660-681页

作者： T.M. Liss F. Maltoni A. Quadt The City College of New york univ. Catholique de Louvain univ. GSttingen

A. Introduction The top quark is the Q = 2/3, T3 = ＋1/2 member of the weak-isospin doublet containing the bottom quark （see the review on the ＂Electroweak Model and Constraints on New Physics＂ for more information）. Its phenomenology is driven by its large mass. Being heavier than a W boson, it is the only quark, that decays semi-weakly, i.e., into a real W boson and a b quark. Therefore, it has a very short lifetime and decays before hadronization can occur. In addition, it is the only quark whose Yukawa coupling to the Higgs boson is order of unity. For these reasons the top quark plays a special role in the Standard Model （SM） and in many extensions thereof.

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Review on Rare Earth/Polymer Composite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2002年第4期20卷 241-248页

作者：刘力张立群赵素合金日光刘美琳 Beijing univ Chem Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Imclone Syst Inc New York NY 10014 USA

The special properties of rare earth/polymer composite were described. More emphasis was put on the radiation shielding and magnetic properties. In the application to X-ray shielding, rare earth/polymer composite can make up the feeble absorbing area. If the rare earth content is high enough, it can demonstrate strong ability for thermal neutron absorption; The composite has strong paramagnetism. The feasibility of preparing magnetic rare earth/polymer composite was discussed. In addition, three preparation methods were introduced: simple polymerization, mixing and reaction processing. The effect of the rare earth/polymer composites pre-sturcture and the coordinate number of rare earth ions on the light property was analyzed. Rare earth/polymer composite may have the structure and property simlar to those of the ionomer. The feasibility of the in-situ preparation of the rare earth/polymer nano structure is indicated. Besides, the relationship between structure and properties of the rare earth/polymer composite was discussed. The problems associated with such composite materials were also presented.

关键词： rare earths polymers composite fluorescence radial shield magnetism structure property

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Author Guidelines

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世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志(英文) 2023年第3期9卷 262-269页

作者： Razavi, Christopher R. Wang, Tom Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Div Facil Plast & Reconstruct Surg New York NY 10029 USA Oregon Hlth & Sci univ Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Div Facil Plast & Reconstruct Surg Portland OR 97201 USA

*** Thank you for your interest in World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery(WJOHNS).Note that submission implies that the content has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere except as a... 详细信息

关键词： implies content Surgery

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Vertically aligned Ni/NiO nanocomposites with abundant oxygen deficient hetero-interfaces for enhanced overall water splitting

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第10期65卷 1885-1894页

作者： Hongxia Wang Meiyan Cui Gaoliang Fu Jiaye Zhang Xingyu Ding Irene Azaceta Matthew Bugnet Demie M.Kepaptsoglou Vlado K.Lazarov Victor Ade la Peña O’Shea Freddy E.Oropeza Kelvin H.L.Zhang State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications Institute of Nanostructured Functional MaterialsHuanghe Science and Technology CollegeZhengzhou 450006China Department of Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO105DDUK SuperSTEM Laboratory SciTech Daresbury CampusDaresbury WA44ADUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering Univeristy of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK univ Lyon CNRSINSA LyonUCBLMATEISUMR 551069621 VilleurbanneFrance Photoactivated Processes Unit IMDEA Energy InstituteParque Tecnológico de MóstolesAvda.Ramón de la Sagra 328935 MóstolesMadridSpain

The design of heterostructured transition metal-based electrocatalysts with controlled composition and interfaces is key to increasing the efficiency of the water electrolysis and the elucidation of reaction *** this work,we report the synthesis of well-controlled vertically aligned Ni/NiO nanocomposites consisting of Ni nanoclusters embedded in NiO,which result in highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water *** show that such a high catalytic efficiency toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)originates from a synergetic effect at Ni/NiO interfaces that significantly reduces the energy barrier for water dissociation,and favours the formation of reactive H*intermediates on the Ni side of the interface,and OH_(ads) on the NiO side of the interface.A study of water chemisorption based on near-ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the abundant hetero-interfaces in Ni/NiO nanocomposite promote the dissociation of water with a three-fold increase in the surface concentration of OH_(ads) compared with pure *** functional theory calculations indicate that Ni/NiO interface leads to the reduction of the water dissociation energy barrier due to a high concentration of oxygen vacancies at NiO side of the interface,whereas the formation of highly active metallic Ni sites with an optimal value of Gibbs free energy of H*(ΔG_(H*)=−0.16 eV)owes to a favourable adjustment of the electron energetics at the interface,thus accelerating the overall electrochemical water splitting.

关键词： water splitting hydrogen evolution reaction electronic structure heterostructure vertically aligned nanocomposites

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Proton deflectometry of a capacitor coil target along two axes

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第2期8卷 10-18页

作者： P.Bradford M.P.Read M.Ehret L.Antonelli M.Khan N.Booth K.Glize D.Carroll R.J.Clarke R.Heathcote S.Ryazantsev S.Pikuz C.Spindloe J.D.Moody B.B.Pollock V.T.Tikhonchuk C.P.Ridgers J.J.Santos N.C.Woolsey york Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA33405 TalenceFrance Institut fur Kernphysik Tech.Univ.Darmstadt64289 DarmstadtGermany Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotSTFCUKRIOxfordshireUK Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscow 125412Russia National Research Nuclear university MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94551USA ELI Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Radnicic 83525241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic

A developing application of laser-driven currents is the generation of magnetic fields of picosecond-nanosecond duration with magnitudes exceeding B=10 ***-loop and helical coil targets can direct laser-driven discharge currents along wires to generate spatially uniform,quasi-static magnetic fields on the millimetre ***,we present proton deflectometry across two axes of a single-loop coil ranging from 1 to 2 mm in *** with proton tracking simulations shows that measured magnetic fields are the result of kiloampere currents in the coil and electric charges distributed around the coil *** this dual-axis platform for proton deflectometry,robust measurements can be made of the evolution of magnetic fields in a capacitor coil target.

关键词： strong magnetic field laser-driven coil targets laser-plasma interaction proton deflectometry laboratory astrophysics

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