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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第3期4卷 143-153页

作者： Johanna Ngula Niipele lsak Kaholongo Kaholongo Joseph Njunge Department of lntegrated Environmental Science University of Namibia Oshakati 9000 Namibia

The Cuvelai Basin of north-central namibia consists of unique seasonal wetlands made up of shallow pans locally known as Iishana （Oshana, singular） which form ephemeral network systems. The basin has relatively fertile soils encouraging human settlements. More than 40% of the country＇s population resides in the basin. Early settlers in the basin utilized indigenous knowledge to develop land use systems that were in harmony with biophysical characteristics of the area. Over the years, there has been a departure from these indigenous land use systems resulting in land management problems. A desktop study coupled with field observations was conducted to describe the indigenous land use systems of the Owambo people living in the basin, and to determine factors behind the departure and consequential impacts of this departure on sustainability of land uses. Possible ways of preventing erosion of this indigenous knowledge were given attention. The paper recommends that the Owamboindigenous land management system needs to be embedded within government policies and regulations and should be strictly enforced. There is also a need for designing strategic basin management plans that are a combination of both scientific and indigenous knowledge.

关键词： Cuvelai Basin Owambo people indigenous land use system sustainable development.

Effectiveness of GeneXpert Technology in the Diagnosis of Smear-Negative Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV Positive Patients in namibia

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2016年第3期6卷 133-141页

作者： Ligamena N. Kakoma Munyaradzi Mukesi Sylvester R. Moyo Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem accounting for more than 9.4 million incidents yearly of which most incidents are common in resource poor countries. The prevalence of Human Immu-nodeficiency Virus (HIV) in these countries is relatively high and TB/HIV co-infected patients often test negative for TB with direct microscopy, which poses diagnostic difficulties. The traditional diagnosis of HIV associated TB is complex, expensive, slow and technically demanding as it relies on conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing. The long delay required to obtain results has devastating consequences for patients who go undiagnosed or diagnosed too late. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of GeneXpert technology in the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosisin HIV positive patients. A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on 400 patients suspected to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis and who were referred to the namibia Institute of Pathology (NIP), Windhoek from November 2014 to May 2015. Patients with known HIV status who had their sputum tested by both the GeneXpert (Cepheid, California, United States of America) and direct microscopy (DM) for TB were included. Out of 400 sputum samples analysed for TB, 253 (63.3%) cases were positive using GeneXpert whereas the DM was positive only for 133 (33.3%) of the cases. Out of these 123 smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SN-PTB), 120 (98%) sputum samples were from HIV positive patients while 3 (2%) were from HIV negative patients. The sensitivity of the GeneXpert was calculated as 98% and the specificity was 52%. The majority of the patients who contributed to SN-PTB were found to be co-infected with HIV. The GeneXpert’s sensitivity was found to be high while the specificity was low. Even though this was the case, the GeneXpert as compared to DM could significantly reduce false negatives and the delay on treatment initiation can be signifi

关键词： Tuberculosis GeneXpert Microscopy HIV namibia

Emergency Trolley’s Contents and Records: Audit Study at Maternity Sections, State Hospitals, Windhoek, namibia

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第7期8卷 448-472页

作者： Benjamin Klaas Sebulon Manetti Hans Justus Amukugo Anna Panduleni Kauko Shilunga Department of General Nursing Science School of Nursing University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

The purpose of the study sought to assess and evaluate the contents and records of the emergency trolley in the maternity section of the state hospitals in Windhoek, namibia. A quantitative and descriptive research design was used for the study to investigate emergency equipment, essential drugs and emergency trolleys. A convenient sample of 10 emergency trolleys in the Windhoek Central Hospital (Hospital A) and Katutura Intermediate Hospital (Hospital B) in Windhoek, namibia were used. Data was collected using a checklist adapted and edited from the EMSSA. Data were analysed using Microsoft excel 2013. Essential paediatric equipment including bag valve mask devices, Magill’s forceps, oxygen masks were absent in many of the units and wards. Data described that checking of defibrillators, monitors and suction devices still remained a major problem in the units/wards that were fortunate enough to have the aforementioned equipment. A conclusion was that generally the units/wards performed well during the assessments and evaluations. There were still units without emergency trolleys, trolleys that were poorly assessed, and those that were obstructed and registered nurses that had a negative perception to the audit of the emergency trolley. Specialized units such as NICU and Hi-Care Hospital A and Prem Unit Hospital B performed very well in their assessments. Development of policy with regards to assessing, restocking and maintenance of emergency supplies can be used to guide the nurses on what to do. Resuscitation morbidity and mortality meetings in order to identify issues and outcomes surround resuscitation incidences within the unit or ward.

关键词： Audit Emergency Trolley Contents Records Maternity Section State Hospitals Windhoek namibia

Re-Evaluation of Kombat-Style Mineralization and Implications for Exploration in the Otavi Mountainland, namibia

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第11期10卷 1119-1152页

作者： Abner Nghoongoloka Rob Bowell Fred Kamona Helke Mocke Department of Geological Survey of namibia (GSN) Ministry of Mines and Energy Windhoek Namibia Departmentof Geology University of Namibia (UNAM) Windhoek Namibia Department of Earth Science Miller Hall Queens University Kingston Canada

This study re-evaluates the characteristics of Cu-Pb-Ag and Fe-Mn ore mineralization of the Kombat Mine and Gross Otavi Mine based on field geology, fluid inclusions, petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry. This is to determine the genetic relationship between Fe-Mn and Cu-Pb-Ag mineralization. The study has established that the Cu-Pb-Ag ore at the Kombat Mine can be classified as a variant of MVT-type deposit, whereas the Fe-Mn ore can be classified as a stratiform-syn-sedimentary deposit. The formation of the MVT-type deposit is associated with a hydrothermal fluid system with a mean temperature of 183°C and mean salinity of 12.85 wt. % NaCl equivalent. The syn-sedimentary Fe-Mn ore, which is largely associated with calc-silicate lithologies, consists mainly of magnetite and hematite with minor pyrite, hausmannite and jacobsite, and was deposited by diagenetic and mixed diagenetic-hydrogenetic processes under changing oxic and anoxic conditions within the sedimentary basin. Acceptable geochemical exploration indicators of the existing mineralization include anomalous values above 0.5% Cu, 0.2% S;0.05% Pb;0.04% As;0.01% Zn;V, W, Mo, and Ag are 0.002%. Mineralogical indicators include chalcopyrite, bornite, covellite and galena with minor chalcocite, sphalerite, and tennantite for the Cu-Pb MVT-type ores at Kombat Mine.

关键词： MVT-Type Deposit Hydrothermal Syn-Sedimentary Genetic Model Exploration

Domestication of Marama Bean in Arid namibia: Challenges and Opportunities in a Climate Changing Agroecology

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第1期13卷 14-30页

作者： Percy Maruwa Chimwamurombe Erold Naomab Department of Biology Chemistry and Physics School of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Health Natural Resources and Applied Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia Office of the Vice Chancellor Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

Tylosema esculentum (Burch.) A. Schreib. (Marama bean), referred to as marama in sections of this article, is an obligate outcrossing native plant with a yield potential of 2 ton/hectare which grows naturally in the deep sandy soils of the Kalahari Desert. It has adapted to the low precipitation levels in that agro-ecosystem. Marama serves as a staple food for the San and Bantus in that area. In namibia, in the past you could find wild stands of marama in the Khomas region, Omaheke region, and the Otjozondjupa region without must struggle. It is renowned for its brown seeds, which are rich in high-quality oils and proteins. The tuberous root contains a significant amount of starch. The objective of domesticating orphaned marama is to provide farmers in this climate change-prone region with a viable alternative for food and nutrition security. This program, initiated in 2008 with an open-minded mindset, required swift implementation using harsh and occasionally unconventional methods. To introduce indigenous tools for resource-poor farmers, the domestication program prioritized the utilization of farmer-participatory methodologies. It was crucial to integrate old and new approaches to ensure learning from past and present experiences, leading to innovative solutions. There is little research and development of native crops in Africa because most of the currently cultivates crops were brought for use from abroad. Only a few numbers of indeginous African crops can be named. The arid Kalahari region, susceptible to climate change, necessitates the revival of indigenous crops like marama, which are resilient and well-adapted to the region’s conditions and have thrived for centuries. In many discussions regarding the health and nutrition of Africa, the recommendation to consume traditional foods to avoid exposure to modern foods, which may not be genetically compatible, is frequently emphasized. Regardless of their validity, these opinions must be acknowledged, and steps

关键词： Crop Improvement Crop Domestication Drought Tolerance Food Security Genetic Improvement Marama Bean Tylosema esculentum

The Experiences of the Elderly and Caregivers in Respect of Caring for the Elderly in Windhoek and Rehoboth namibia: An Exploratory and Descriptive Study

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第3期5卷 246-259页

作者： Joan M. Kloppers Agnes van Dyk Louise Pretorius School of Nursing and Public Health Faculty of Health Science The University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia

In many instances, care for the elderly, especially in long-term care institutions, is provided under minimal supervision by caregivers who are lay people. This can lead to poor quality care or neglect of the elderly. The research question was: “How competent are lay caregivers for the elderly in old age homes, who often lack the opportunity for training to improve their knowledge and skills, in delivering care to the elderly? The aims of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of both the caregivers and the elderly in respect of caring for the elderly in old age homes. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of the caregivers and the elderly with respect to caring for the elderly and in respect of nursing care they received. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenology design was used to perform this study. In the situational analysis, the experiences and needs of the caregivers were described. Themes in terms of interpersonal relationships that could be positive or negative regarding the elderly were identified. These included lack of regular in-service training sessions for caregivers. Likewise, sub-themes like communication, support and caring for elderly people were revealed. Inadequate knowledge of caregivers in caring procedures, a shortage of staff, equipment and absence of policies which should support and guide the work of caregivers impacts negatively on the care of the elderly. From the experiences of the elderly and caregivers, the competencies under scrutiny emerged and were measured qualitatively by the perceptions of the elderly, in respect of the caring they were exposed to.

关键词： Caregiver(s) Caring Elderly Experiences Old Age Home

Recent trends on energy-efficient solar dryers for food and agricultural products drying: a review

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WASTE DISPOSAL & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2024年第3期6卷 335-353页

作者： Venkateswarlu, Kavati Reddy, S. V. Kota univ namibia Sch Engn & Built Environm Mech Engn JEDS CampusPrivate Bag 3624 Ongwediva Oshakati Namibia VIT AP univ Sch Mech Engn SMEC Amaravati 522237 Andhra Pradesh India

The energy efficiency enhancement of solar dryers has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide because of the need for energy storage in solar drying applications, which arises primarily from the irregular nature of solar energy that leads to improper drying which will reduce the quality of the products being dried. This work comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art research carried out on solar dryers for energy efficiency enhancement using various alternative strategies, including hybrid solar dryers that use auxiliary heating sources, such as electric heaters or biomass heaters, solar-assisted heat pump dryer, use of desiccant materials, and heat storage systems that use both sensible and latent heat storage. The advent of phase change materials (PCM), such as thermally and chemically stable PCMs, for long-term storage, bio-degradable and bio-compatible PCM materials to alleviate the negative environmental impact of conventional PCMs is also presented. The performance parameters considered for evaluating dryers include the maximum temperature attained inside the drying chamber, drying time and efficiency, specific moisture extraction rate (SMER), energy and exergy efficiency and CO2 mitigation effect. The factors considered to analyze the PCMs application in solar dryers include cost and sustainability of PCMs, and both energy and exergy analyses of dryers using PCMs. The gaps in current knowledge and future scope for further improvement of solar dryers are also elucidated.

关键词： Agricultural and food products Desiccant materials Hybrid dryers Phase change material Solar-assisted heat pump dryers Thermal energy storage

Engineering Research for Economic Advancement in namibia

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2014年第14期4卷 557-559页

作者： Nnenesi Kgabi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Polytechnic of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

The aim of this special issue of the Open Journal of Applied Sciences on Engineering Research for Economic Advancement is to articulate the relevance of applied engineering research in driving the economic development and sustainability, and addressing national and regional needs of the “small economies”. The research focus areas covered in this issue include renewable energy, water resources management, manufacturing systems, and sustainable mining practices. The focus areas are also relevant in addressing the global change challenges relating to sustainable production and consumption of natural resources for provision of basic services at national and local level.

关键词： Engineering Research namibia Economic Advancement Sustainable Production and Consumption

Literature and the Teaching of Stylistics： An Investigation Into the Pragmatics of Community Formation in the Educational Context of namibia

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Sino-US English Teaching 2012年第8期9卷 1353-1365页

作者： Sarala Krishnamurthy Polytechnic ofnamibia Windhoek Namibia

The author＇s paper is an attempt to investigate the success of the pedagogy of stylistics and pedagogical stylistics in the namibian context. As an applied linguistics course, stylistics is eminently suitable for study and analysis of literature, because it clearly explicates literary effects through linguistic analysis. Many scholars have illustrated the use of stylistics analysis for the purposes of studying literature and teaching it, which is, pedagogical stylistics. However, this paper combines both the study of Stylistics as a discipline, which is the pedagogy of Stylistics, and the use of stylistics for teaching literature in general and poetry in particular. namibia adopted English as its official language 22 years ago. Since then, both teachers and students have been struggling with the analysis of poetry. This study is an empirical one using qualitative methods in the author＇s research to determine the impact of the study of Stylistics on the understanding and teaching of literature in namibia. The author uses traditional British poetry from the 16th century up to the 20th century alongside postcolonial poetry to assess the importance of culture in understanding poetry and examine the advantage of using stylistics to teach the poems that the author selects.

关键词： pedagogy pedagogical stylistics foregrounding parallelism deviation collocation denotation connotation colligation

Experiences of Children’s Care Received at Windhoek Residential Child Care Facilities, namibia

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第9期5卷 773-783页

作者： Brigitte Nshimyimana Marieta Van der Vyver Joan M. Kloppers School of Nursing and Public Health Faculty of Health Science University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

The caring is a very important aspect for every child’s well-being and development. A child should be cared for by biological parents or extended family members when possible. In the absence of these two possibilities, other options are in place such as Residential Child Care Facilities (RCCFs). However, RCCFs are generally regarded as last resorts, as it is noted that they have a negative impact on the well-being of the children. Caregivers in RCCFs should ensure that these children are being adequately cared for as they substitute their biological or extended families. It is also a child’s rights to be provided love, care and support coupled with a sense of belonging, recognition and independence. However, children without or inadequate parental care are likely to be vulnerable from all forms of violence. The aim of this qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological study was to explore and describe the children’s experiences regarding the care received at the Residential Child Care Facilities and to provide recommendations regarding research findings. Data were collected through one on one in-depth interviews and Tech method was used to analyze data. The results of the study show that children in RCCFs have experienced both positive and negative care. The care is experienced through relationships with staff in the facilities, provision of their basic needs, knowledge of their cultural identity and their adult future preparation once they leave the facilities. Thus, it is recommended that a conducive environment that contributes to the quality of care for children in RCCFs be established, taking into consideration human resources capacity, policy guidelines and standards in place while providing care to those children.

关键词： Experiences Children Care Residential Facilities