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The hits and misses of namibia’s attempt to implement the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries(EAF)Management

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2021年第1期7卷 135-146页

作者： Johannes A.Iitembu Victoria N.Erasmus Uatjavi Uanivi Dietlinde Nakwaya Richard R.Horaeb Ester Nangolo Festus P.Nashima Theopolina K.Iita Osmund Mwandemele Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of NamibiaHenties BayNamibia Sam Nujoma Marine and Coastal Resources Research Centre University of Namibia Sam Nujoma CampusHenties BayNamibia National Marine Information and Research Centre(Natmirc) Ministry of Fisheries and Marine ResourcesSwakopmundNamibia Grants Management and Projects Services University of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia

Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries(EAF)management is a concept aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of the entire *** EAF is a noble approach,its implementation has been *** namibia has committed to the implementation of EAF,only limited assessment has been done of namibian fisheries management processes and instruments concerning EAF.A qualitative assesment was done to ascertain if the namibian fisheries management processes and instruments conform to the EAF *** fisheries management processes and instruments largely conform to the EAF principles,although there are notable areas needing *** conformities were pronounced in the total allowable catch setting,rebuilding depleted stocks,minimizing bycatch,and fishing impact *** polluter pays,and user pays principles were also *** that were found lacking in this study included setting the indicators for EAF and ecosystem *** assessment also noted the absence of guidelines for the precautionary approach principle and a transparent policy for quota and right allocation *** strategies for managing transboundary fish species are also not ***,this assessment showed the complexities and challenges that namibia and other countries need to overcome to implement EAF successfully.

关键词： Fisheries management ecosystem approach to fisheries EAF principles namibia

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Joint spatial modelling of disease risk using multiple sources:an application on HIV prevalence from antenatal sentinel and demographic and health surveys in namibia

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 143-158页

作者： D.Ntirampeba I.Neema L.N.Kazembe Department of Mathematics and Statistics Namibia University of Science and TechnologyWindhoek 2064Namibia namibia Statistics Agency(NSA) Windhoek 2064Namibia Department of Statistics and Population Studies University of NamibiaP/Bag 13301 PionersparkWindhoek 2064Namibia

Background:In disease mapping field,researchers often encounter data from multiple *** data are fraught with challenges such as lack of a representative sample,often incomplete and most of which may have measurement errors,and may be spatially and temporally *** paper presents a joint model in the effort to deal with the sampling bias and ***:A joint(bivariate)spatial model was applied to estimate HIV prevalence using two sources:2014 National HIV Sentinel survey(NHSS)among pregnant women aged 15-49 years attending antenatal care(ANC)and the 2013 namibia Demographic and Health Surveys(NDHS).Results:Findings revealed that health districts and constituencies in the northern part of namibia were found to be highly associated with HIV ***,the study showed that place of residence,gender,gravida,marital status,number of kids dead,wealth index,education,and condom use were significantly associated with HIV infection in ***:This study had shown determinants of HIV infection in namibia and had revealed areas at high risk through HIV prevalence ***,a joint modelling approach was used in order to deal with spatially misaligned ***,it was shown that prediction of HIV prevalence using the NDHS data source can be enhanced by jointly modelling other HIV data such as NHSS *** findings would help namibia to tailor national intervention strategies for specific regions and groups of population.

关键词： HIV prevalence Joint(bivariate)analysis Spatial analysis namibia

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Growth Performance of Moringa oleiferaand Moringa ovalifoliain Central namibia Semi-Arid Rangeland Environment

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 131-141页

作者： Morlu Korsor Charles Ntahonshikira Haruna M. Bello Habauka M. Kwaambwa Department of Animal Science University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia School of Veterinary Medicine University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia Department of Agricultural Economics University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

The objective of this study was to compare the field growth performance of Moringa oleifera and Moringa ovalifolia in semi-arid environment of central namibia rangeland. This part of namibia has both arid and semi-arid climates. These climates require the growing of drought-resistant fodder trees to aid in the provision of animal feed or supplement. This is paramount to livestock farmers who are striving to meet the feed demand of their animals especially during winter and drought periods. It is upon this background that both Moringa species were grown to evaluate their field growth performances. Moringa oleifera grew faster with 224.9 cm and 281.45 cm heights than Moringa ovalifolia that had 77.025 cm and 113.2 cm heights in 2014/2015 summer season (October 2014 to April 2015) and 2015/2016 summer season (October 2015 to April 2016), respectively, although Moringa ovalifolia is native to namibia. In namibia, summer usually starts October and ends April the follow year after which winter follows. Moringa oleifera grew significantly higher (P Moringa ovalifolia, though they belong to the Moringaceae family and were grown under the parallel conditions. Therefore, Moringa oleifera would serve as a better alternative for improving rangelands’ productivity under these adverse climatic and environmental conditions since it can grow faster than Moringa ovalifolia, whose characteristic leads to the rapid establishment of trees and large quantity of leaf-biomass production.

关键词： Folder Drought-Tolerant Trees Supplement Winter

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Screening for Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Toxin Genes in Multi-Drug Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusNasal Isolates from Healthy School Children in Mariental, namibia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第12期8卷 13-19页

作者： Sunette Walter Ronnie Böck Biological Sciences Department University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is one of the toxins responsible for increased virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. In school settings where children are in close contact with each other, S. aureus strains, including those that may produce PVL, can be transmitted and spread in the community. Twenty-two multi-drug resistant MRSA nasal isolates from children enrolled in five schools in the town of Mariental and the multi-drug resistant American Type Culture Collection MRSA reference strain S. aureus ATCC 33591 (PVL-negative control) were used for molecular assays. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of isolates was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplified PCR products were electrophoresed on a 2.5% (w/v) agarose gel containing 12 μl 0.5 μg/ml ethidium bromide and 1× TAE (Tris-acetate-EDTA) buffer at 90 volts for 50 minutes. The developed gel was viewed for the PVL-associated lukS and lukF genes that amplified at 151 bp and 406 bp, respectively. Our results indicated that seven nasal isolates had PVL toxin gene(s). From the seven isolates, three were tested positive for both lukS and lukFgenes, one tested positive for only lukS, and three tested positive for only lukF. Two of the isolates harbouring both lukS and lukF genes shared the same antibiotic resistance pattern and one of them could also produce enterotoxin A. One of the isolates with only lukF gene could produce enterotoxins B and C. These toxin-producing isolates can be expected to be more virulent than non-producers. Children should be educated on the importance of regular handwashing with soap and water to prevent the spread of potentially virulent staphylococci amongst them and the wider community. This work warrants a larger study to be carried out to investigate PVL toxin and its associated infections in Staphylococcus from school children in namibia.

关键词： Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Children

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Use of Affordable Materials to Improve Water Quality in Peri-Urban Settlements in Windhoek, namibia

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第3期5卷 190-197页

作者： Pam Claassen Marius Hedimbi Kayeuna Basson City of Windhoek Scientific Services (Gammams Laboratory) Windhoek Namibia Research and Publication Office University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia Department of Microbiology School of Medicine University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

Water samples from Daan Viljoen dam, Avis dam and Goreangab dam were collected and filtered with burlap, cotton and polyester. The water samples were analyzed for the presence of total coliform, Escherichia coli, heterotrophic plate count (HPC), somatic coliphage, Clostridium perfringens, turbidity and conductivity. The bacteriological analysis was carried out by membrane filtration and pour plate techniques. The water from the three dams was found to contain high levels of microorganisms which indicated that it was not safe for human consumption. Turbidity was improved after filtration. Cotton filtered out the most microorganisms (p < 0.05) in all dams compared with the other two types of cloths.

关键词： Cloth Materials Dams Filtration Windhoek Water Quality

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Utilisation of Water Purification “Tablets” at Household Level in namibia and Tanzania

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2014年第14期4卷 560-566页

作者： Nnenesi Kgabi Damas Mashauri Ndinomholo Hamatui Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Polytechnic of Namibia Windhoek Namibia Department of Health Sciences Polytechnic of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

Generally disinfection of water at household level can be achieved using several soluble tablets or chemicals which have been proven to render water to be microbiologically safe. The use of disinfectants at household levels has been reported to contribute to the reduction of waterborne diseases in areas with limited supply of piped water. Water guard is produced and widely used in Tanzania especially in the rural and informal settlements;whilst in namibia, water marker and Aqua tabs are imported and distributed to similar communities. Sodium Hypochlorite, a chlorine base chemical which is either in powder or tablet form is widely used in the two countries. Through informed consent community volunteers were used for the collection of water from shallow wells, which was subsequently treated and analysed in Tanzania. Volunteers were also asked about their methods of water treatment and storage. In namibia, information on appropriate use of purification chemicals at household level was obtained through desktop review and key informants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and proper utilisation of the water purification chemicals at household level in the two countries. The appropriate use of chemical doses provides 100% disinfection efficiency with chlorine residue of less than 0.3 mg/l which is within the recommended limits for WHO. The authors conclude that household water purification chemicals are effective against pathogens;however the chemicals’ effectiveness depends on appropriate use in terms of mixing, handling and hygiene of container used. A common problem experienced by namibia and Tanzania is related to improper mixing, which affects the taste of water, and thus influences the user’s choice of prolonged use.

关键词： Water Guard Water Marker Aqua Tabs Pathogens Effectiveness Disinfection Residue Chlorine

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Measurement of Noise Pollution in Northern Industrial Areas of Windhoek, namibia

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第9期10卷 1144-1154页

作者： Sylvanus Ameh Onjefu Emmanuel Ejembi Leonard Agbo Onjefu Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

The increase in industrial activities and vehicular movement along the northern industrial area of Windhoek has vastly increased the amount of traffic noise and other noise pollution in the area. Noise pollution has an adverse health effect to human population, when exposed for a long period. Residence in proximate communities along the north industrial area and those working in the various industries located in the area may be affected, when the noise pollution level exceed the permissible standard for human exposure. A sound level meter was used to measure the amount of noise pollution at the streets of the northern industrial area. The measurements were done during the daytime, at a time interval of 2 hours, from 08:00 am - 06:00 pm. The amount of noise pollution obtained from the study ranges from (64 - 72) dB (A), with a maximum of 72 dB (A) in Bonsmara Street, (67.4 - 75.3) dB (A), with a maximum of 75.3 dB (A) in New Castle Street, (60.5 - 81.0) dB (A), with a maximum of 72.3 dB (A) in Braham Street. (62.5 - 72.3) dB (A), with a maximum of 82.3 dB (A) in Hosea Kutako Street, (66.0 - 82.3) dB (A), with a maximum of 76.8 dB (A) in Simmentaler Street and (65.1 - 76.8) dB (A), with a maximum of 76.8 dB (A) in Dortmund Street. The variation of noise level index L10, L50, L90 and Leq, Noise Climate (NC) and Traffic Noise index (TNI) were calculated. The maximum noise pollution values obtained from the study were higher than the WHO recommended limit of 70 dB (A).

关键词： Noise Pollution Northern Industries Sound Intensity Source of Noise

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Influence of Blasting Parameters and Density of Rocks on Blast Performance at Tschudi Mine, Tsumeb, namibia

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2017年第6期5卷 339-352页

作者： Martin Itoolwa Kulula Maria Ndeapo Nashongo Jide Muili Akande Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

A quantitative research was conducted at Tschudi mine, Tsumeb, namibia with its main drive being to determine the influence that density and blast parameters has on the performance of a blast. The factors that are most vital to the fragmentation process are classified into three namely: explosive parameters, rock parameters and blast geometry. Rock fragmentation is dependent on two main factors, the rock properties which are uncontrollable and the blasting parameters that can be manipulated to give maximum efficiency. The selected variable quantities, density, charge length, volume of blast and mass of charge per hole were recorded after observation, determined via laboratory testing or calculated from their known equations. The main objective is to develop a model to predict blasting performance, and this will be achieved with the use of the Kuz-Ram model. The proposed equation related mean expected fragmentation size (calculated using the Kuz-Ram fragmentation model) to the actual fragmentation. Blasting parameters namely: burden, spacing, and charge quantity that are not included in this study were measured or calculated on site to facilitate the inputs of the Kuz-Ram model. A specialized software package SPLIT Desktop was used to estimate the actual mean fragmentation by analyzing scaled images from the post blast muck pile. The Microsoft Excel regression analysis correlated the two intact rock properties with the blasting efficiency. The expected mean fragmentation and the actual fragmentation were then used to determine the blast performance, defined as the percentage ratio of the actual mean to the expected mean. The blast performance showed a good relationship with density (R2 = 0.81971), with performance of the blast reducing with an increase in density. The performance also dropped with increase in charge length. The blast performance and mass of charge/explosives per hole relationship showed a correlation of (R2 = 0.56195), but the results were disregarde

关键词： Fragmentation Density Kuz-Ram Model Blasting Efficiency Split Desktop Regression Analysis

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Determination of Airways Resistance, Volumetric Efficiency and Development of Ventilation Model of Rosh Pinah Zinc Mine namibia

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 194-205页

作者： Jeremia Kalenga Jide Muili Akande Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering University of Namibia Ongwediva Namibia

A quantitative technique was conducted at Rosh Pinah Zinc mine, namibia with its main purpose to determine airways resistance which is a function of the parameters;roughness of the airways and the friction factor. The 32 branch points (i.e. a-ag) that stand for ventilation circuit have been selected. Data collected includes, length and width of airways, air velocity;air density, and roughness of the airways which were used to determine coefficient of frictions, friction factors and airway resistances. A ventilation model was developed. In order to improve the current ventilation model, airways resistance of the mine was determined and simulated in a modified model using VentSimTM software. An average total airways resistance of 0.32027 Ns2/m8 has been achieved for Rosh Pinah mine. It should be pointed out that, as the mine advances its production faces deeper, this value would increases suddenly. Simulation revealed that as much as 34.4 m3/s of air can be received at the production faces, compared to the measured received amount of 19.3 m3/s. Therefore, volumetric efficiency of the mine was improved from 29.3% to 68.3%. It was also noticed that after importing the resistance values into the model together with other parameters, the model was greatly improved and no cause for concern.

关键词： Airways Resistance Volumetric Efficiency Friction Factor Simulations

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Detection of Escherichia coliand Harmful Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in Domestic Hand-Dug Wells in the Cuvelai Etosha Basin of namibia

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第4期8卷 297-313页

作者： B. McBenedict H. Wanke B. M. Hang’ombe P. M. Chimwamurombe Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Biological Sciences University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia Geology Department University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

The Cuvelai Etosha Basin of namibia is characterised by complex aquifer systems with multi-layered aquifers and various water qualities. Some parts of the basin have been covered with a pipeline system that supplies purified surface water from the Kunene River. Locations that lack a pipeline system utilise hand-dug wells as a source of drinking water. These wells draw water from shallow perched aquifers and are not protected from surface contamination nor is the water quality monitored. Sanitised water supply is relevant for the growth and development of societies and is a priority of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. A bacteriological water quality study aimed at investigating the presence and seasonal variation of;Citrobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, and Pseudomonas species was conducted on 44 hand-dug wells in the Ohangwena and Omusati regions of the Cuvelai Etosha Basin. Samples were collected from both the wet and dry seasons. Results disclosed the presence of Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, and Pseudomonas species. Chi-square confirmed a significant seasonal variation in Salmonella (P Shigella (P Citrobacter (P > 0.05), Escherichia (P > 0.05), Klebsiella (P > 0.05), Entero-bacter (P > 0.05), Proteus (P > 0.05) and Pseudomonas (P > 0.05) species. Water from these hand-dug wells is not safe for drinking unless it is subjected to appropriate treatment. It is recommended that hand-dug wells should be properly constructed at safe distances from contaminating structures such as pit latrines and routinely assessed for pathogens, and the water should be sanitized prior to consumption.

关键词： Citrobacter Cuvelai Etosha Basin Enterobacter Escherichia Klebsiella Proteus Pseudomonas Salmonella Shigella Water

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