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Genome-wide Studies Reveal Genetic Risk Factors for Hepatic Fat Content

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GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2024年第2期22卷 qzae031页

作者： Li, Yanni van den Berg, Eline H. Kurilshikov, Alexander Zhernakova, Dasha, V Gacesa, Ranko Hu, Shixian Lopera-Maya, Esteban A. Zhernakova, Alexandra de Meijer, Vincent E. Sanna, Serena Dullaart, Robin P. F. Blokzijl, Hans Festen, Eleonora A. M. Fu, Jingyuan Weersma, Rinse K. univ Groningen Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol NL-9713 GZ Groningen Netherlands univ Groningen Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Genet NL-9713 GZ Groningen Netherlands Tianjin Med univ Tianjin Med Univ Gen Hosp Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol Tianjin 300052 Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Inst Precis Med Guangzhou 510080 Peoples R China ITMO univ Ctr Comp Technol Lab Genom Divers St Petersburg 199034 Russia univ Groningen Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Pediat NL-9713 GZ Groningen Netherlands univ Groningen Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Surg Sect Hepatobiliary Surg & Liver Transplantat NL-9713 GZ Groningen Netherlands univ Groningen Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Endocrinol NL-9713 GZ Groningen Netherlands

Genetic susceptibility to metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is complex and poorly characterized. Accurate characterization of the genetic background of hepatic fat content would provide insights into disease etiology and causality of risk factors. We performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) on two noninvasive definitions of hepatic fat content: magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) in 16,050 participants and fatty liver index (FLI) in 388,701 participants from the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank (UKBB). Heritability, genetic overlap, and similarity between hepatic fat content phenotypes were analyzed, and replicated in 10,398 participants from the university Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) Genetics Lifelines Initiative (UGLI). Meta-analysis of GWASs of MRI-PDFF in UKBB revealed five statistically significant loci, including two novel genomic loci harboring CREB3L1 (rs72910057-T, P = 5.40E-09) and GCM1 (rs1491489378-T, P = 3.16E-09), respectively, as well as three previously reported loci: PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and APOE. GWAS of FLI in UKBB identified 196 genome-wide significant loci, of which 49 were replicated in UGLI, with top signals in ZPR1 (P = 3.35E-13) and FTO (P = 2.11E-09). Statistically significant genetic correlation (rg) between MRI-PDFF (UKBB) and FLI (UGLI) GWAS results was found (rg = 0.5276, P = 1.45E-03). Novel MRI-PDFF genetic signals (CREB3L1 and GCM1) were replicated in the FLI GWAS. We identified two novel genes for MRI-PDFF and 49 replicable loci for FLI. Despite a difference in hepatic fat content assessment between MRI-PDFF and FLI, a substantial similar genetic architecture was found. FLI is identified as an easy and reliable approach to study hepatic fat content at the population level.

关键词： Hepatic fat content MAFLD Genome-wide association study Fatty liver index Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction LIVER-DISEASE ASSOCIATION VARIANT LOCI SUSCEPTIBILITY PATHOGENESIS INSIGHTS TARGETS ENZYMES CONFERS

An ultra-thin bolt tension sensor and online monitoring system: For application in hydropower plant unit

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FRONTIERS OF STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2024年第9期18卷 1388-1400页

作者： Zhang, Shaoquan Tan, Yanke Ge, Hanbin Zhang, Qilin Meijo univ Dept Civil Engn Nagoya 4688502 Japan Tongji univ Coll Civil Engn Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

The condition of bolted connections significantly affects the structural safety. However, conventional bolt tension sensors fail to provide precise measurements due to their bulky size or inadequate stability. This study employs the piezoresistive effect of crystalline silicon material to fabricate an ultrathin sensor. The sensor exhibits a linear relationship between pressure and voltage, an exceptional stability at varying temperatures, and a superior resistance to corrosion, making it adaptable and user-friendly for applications of high-strength bolt tension monitoring. A monitoring system, incorporating the proposed sensor, has also been developed. This system provides real-time display of bolt tension and enables the assessment of sensor and structural conditions, including bolt loosening or component failure. The efficacy of the proposed sensor and monitoring system was validated through a project carried out at the Xiluodu Hydropower Plant. According to the results, the sensor and online monitoring system effectively gauged and proficiently conveyed and stored bolt tension data. In addition, correlations were created between bolt tensions and essential unit parameters, such as water head, active power, and pressures at vital points, facilitating anomaly detection and early warning.

关键词： ultra-thin sensor high-strength bolt tension online monitoring system anomaly alarm hydro-generator units

Half-metallic ferromagneticWeyl fermions related to dynamic correlations in the zinc-blende compound VAs

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CHINESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 528-533页

作者： Ding, Xianyong Wei, Haoran Zhu, Ruixiang Xiao, Xiaoliang Wu, Xiaozhi Wang, Rui Chongqing univ Inst Struct & Funct Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Chongqing univ Dept Phys Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Chongqing univ Chongqing Key Lab Strongly Coupled Phys Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Chongqing univ Ctr Quantum Mat & Devices Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China

The realization of 100% polarized topological Weyl fermions in half-metallic ferromagnets is of particular importance for fundamental research and spintronic applications. Here, we theoretically investigate the electronic and topological properties of the zinc-blende compound VAs, which was deemed as a half-metallic ferromagnet related to dynamic correlations. Based on the combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean field theory, we uncover that the half-metallic ferromagnet VAs exhibits attractive Weyl semimetallic behaviors which are very close to the Fermi level in the DFT + U regime with effect U values ranging from 1.5 eV to 2.5 eV. Meanwhile, we also investigate the magnetization-dependent topological properties; the results show that the change of magnetization directions only slightly affects the positions of Weyl points, which is attributed to the weak spin-orbital coupling effects. The topological surface states of VAs projected on semi-infinite (001) and (111) surfaces are investigated. The Fermi arcs of all Weyl points are clearly visible on the projected Fermi surfaces. Our findings suggest that VAs is a fully spin-polarized Weyl semimetal with many-body correlated effects in the effective U values range from 1.5 eV to 2.5 eV.

关键词： density functional theory Weyl semimetal dynamical mean field theory half metallic ferromagnet 71.55.Ak 71.15.Dx 75.50.Gg GROUND-STATE ENERGY ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE WEYL HEUSLER

Tuning the cross-linked structure of basic poly(ionic liquid) to develop an efficient catalyst for the conversion of vinyl carbonate to dimethyl carbonate

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第8期72卷 106-116页

作者： Qi, Zhaoyang Zhong, Shiquan Su, Huiyun Ye, Changshen Ren, Limei Qiu, Ting Chen, Jie Fuzhou univ Coll Chem Engn Fuzhou 350108 Peoples R China Qingyuan Innovat Lab Quanzhou 362801 Peoples R China Fuzhou univ Fuzhou Univ Int Joint Lab Thermochem Convers Bioma Fuzhou 350108 Peoples R China Shijiazhuang univ Dept Chem Engn Shijiazhuang 050035 Peoples R China

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a crucial chemical raw material widely used in organic synthesis, lithiumion battery electrolytes, and various other fields. The current primary industrial process employs a conventional sodium methoxide basic catalyst to produce DMC through the transesterification reaction between vinyl carbonate and methanol. However, the utilization of this catalyst presents several challenges during the process, including equipment corrosion, the generation of solid waste, susceptibility to deactivation, and complexities in separation and recovery. To address these limitations, a series of alkaline poly(ionic liquid)s, i.e. [DVBPIL][PHO], [DVCPIL][PHO], and [TBVPIL][PHO], with different crosslinking degrees and structures, were synthesized through the construction of cross-linked polymeric monomers and functionalization. These poly(ionic liquid)s exhibit cross-linked structures and controllable cationic and anionic characteristics. Research was conducted to investigate the effect of the crosslinking degree and structure on the catalytic performance of transesterification in synthesizing DMC. It was discovered that the appropriate cross-linking degree and structure of the [DVCPIL][PHO] catalyst resulted in a DMC yield of up to 80.6%. Furthermore, this catalyst material exhibited good stability, maintaining its catalytic activity after repeated use five times without significant changes. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for using alkaline poly(ionic liquid)s as a highly efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional catalysts for the transesterification synthesis of DMC.

关键词： Poly(ionic liquid) Cross-linking degree Dimethyl carbonate production Transesterification reaction Mechanism ETHYLENE CARBONATE TRANSESTERIFICATION BIODIESEL ESTERIFICATION STABILITY METHANOL

Variational data encoding and correlations in quantum-enhanced machine learning

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CHINESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 298-306页

作者： Wang, Ming-Hao Lu, Hua Hubei univ Sch Phys Wuhan 430068 Peoples R China Hubei univ Technol Sch Sci Wuhan 430068 Peoples R China

Leveraging the extraordinary phenomena of quantum superposition and quantum correlation, quantum computing offers unprecedented potential for addressing challenges beyond the reach of classical computers. This paper tackles two pivotal challenges in the realm of quantum computing: firstly, the development of an effective encoding protocol for translating classical data into quantum states, a critical step for any quantum computation. Different encoding strategies can significantly influence quantum computer performance. Secondly, we address the need to counteract the inevitable noise that can hinder quantum acceleration. Our primary contribution is the introduction of a novel variational data encoding method, grounded in quantum regression algorithm models. By adapting the learning concept from machine learning, we render data encoding a learnable process. This allowed us to study the role of quantum correlation in data encoding. Through numerical simulations of various regression tasks, we demonstrate the efficacy of our variational data encoding, particularly post-learning from instructional data. Moreover, we delve into the role of quantum correlation in enhancing task performance, especially in noisy environments. Our findings underscore the critical role of quantum correlation in not only bolstering performance but also in mitigating noise interference, thus advancing the frontier of quantum computing.

关键词： quantum machine learning variational data encoding quantum correlation 03.67.-a 03.67.Ac 03.65.Ud ALGORITHMS

Classification of Rings Associated with the Genus of Clean Graphs

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ALGEBRA COLLOQUIUM 2024年第3期31卷 451-466页

作者： Ramanathan, V. Selvaraj, C. Altaf, Aaqib Pirzada, S. Periyar univ Dept Math Salem 636011 Tamil Nadu India univ Kashmir Dept Math Srinagar Kashmir India

Let R be a ring (not necessarily commutative) with identity 1 and let CL ( R ) be its clean graph. In this paper, we investigate the genus number of the compact Riemann surface in which CL ( R ) can be embedded and explicitly determine all commutative rings R (up to isomorphism) such that CL ( R ) has genus at most two. It is shown that for any Artinian ring R, CL ( R ) is a projective graph if and only if R is isomorphic to F-4 . Furthermore, we determine all isomorphism classes of commutative rings whose clean graphs have crosscap two.

关键词： clean graph commutative ring planar graph genus crosscap ZERO-DIVISOR GRAPH PLANAR

Dynamical distribution of continuous service time model involving non-Maxwellian collision kernel and value functions

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CHINESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 340-348页

作者： Zhao, Minfang Kong, Lingting Liu, Miao Lai, Shaoyong Yili Normal univ Sch Math & Stat Yining 835000 Peoples R China Yili Normal univ Inst Appl Math Yining 835000 Peoples R China Southwestern univ Finance & Econ Sch Math Chengdu Peoples R China

The distribution of continuous service time in call centers is investigated. A non-Maxwellian collision kernel combining two different value functions in the interaction rule are used to describe the evolution of continuous service time, respectively. Using the statistical mechanical and asymptotic limit methods, Fokker-Planck equations are derived from the corresponding Boltzmann-type equations with non-Maxwellian collision kernels. The steady-state solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation are obtained in exact form. Numerical experiments are provided to support our results under different parameters.

关键词： kinetic theory service time Fokker-Planck equation value function 05.20.Dd 05.10.-a 05.10.Gg 47.45.Ab CALL CENTER

Spheroid construction strategies and application in 3D bioprinting

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BIO-DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING 2024年第5期7卷 800-818页

作者： Lu, Chunxiang Gao, Chuang Qiao, Hao Zhang, Yi Liu, Huazhen Jin, Aoxiang Liu, Yuanyuan Shanghai univ Sch Mechatron Engn & Automat Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Shanghai univ Sch Med Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China

Tissue engineering has been striving toward designing and producing natural and functional human tissues. Cells are the fundamental building blocks of tissues. Compared with traditional two-dimensional cultured cells, cell spheres are three-dimensional (3D) structures that can naturally form complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This structure is close to the natural environment of cells in living organisms. In addition to being used in disease modeling and drug screening, spheroids have significant potential in tissue regeneration. The 3D bioprinting is an advanced biofabrication technique. It accurately deposits bioinks into predesigned 3D shapes to create complex tissue structures. Although 3D bioprinting is efficient, the time required for cells to develop into complex tissue structures can be lengthy. The 3D bioprinting of spheroids significantly reduces the time required for their development into large tissues/organs during later cultivation stages by printing them with high cell density. Combining spheroid fabrication and bioprinting technology should provide a new solution to many problems in regenerative medicine. This paper systematically elaborates and analyzes the spheroid fabrication methods and 3D bioprinting strategies by introducing spheroids as building blocks. Finally, we present the primary challenges faced by spheroid fabrication and 3D bioprinting with future requirements and some recommendations.

关键词： Spheroids Strategies 3D bioprinting Biofabrication MAGNETIC CELLULAR SPHEROIDS TISSUE CULTURE CELLS FABRICATION GENERATION SCAFFOLD HYDROGEL ANGIOGENESIS CHALLENGES

Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO2 thin films

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CHINESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： Chen, S. X. Chen, M. M. Liu, Y. Cao, D. W. Chen, G. J. Jiangsu univ Dept Microelect Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu univ Dept Phys Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Foshan univ Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Intelligent Mi Foshan 528225 Peoples R China

Ferroelectric HfO2 has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. However, the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase (o-phase) HfO2 is less competitive, which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO2 thin films. Fortunately, the crystallization of o-phase HfO2 can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress engineering. In this paper, the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO2 (HfO2:Al) thin films on (111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported. Structural analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO2:Al grown on (111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain, which promoted the crystallization of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2 in the as-grown HfO2:Al thin films. In addition, the in-plane lattice of (111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2, which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO2. Accordingly, an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 26.7 mu C/cm(2) has been obtained. The results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO2 thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO2 THERMAL-EXPANSION