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Integrating flood and earthquake resilience: a framework for assessing urban community resilience against multiple hazards

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JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND RESILIENCE 2024年第3期5卷 330-343页

作者： Ahmadi, Zahra Ghasemi, Mahdi Khavarian-Garmsir, Amir Reza Ahmadi, Mohammad Yazd univ Fac Art & Architecture Urbanism Dept Yazd Iran Yazd univ Fac Art & Architecture Dept Architecture Yazd Iran univ Isfahan Fac Geog Sci & Planning Dept Geog & Urban Planning Esfahan Iran Islamic Azad univ Dept Civil Engn Tabriz Branch Tabriz Iran

Floods and earthquakes are the most common natural disasters, causing significant damage and casualties in urban communities. Although academic research has focused on assessing cities' ability to withstand these natural disasters, there is a lack of established frameworks for evaluating resilience against multiple hazards. This research integrates the earthquake and flood resilience indicators to create a comprehensive resilience assessment framework. This study integrated seismic and flood resilience indicators and categorized them into 27 clusters. It also used the DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to determine the significance of clusters and prioritize them. This research identified 13 cause clusters and 14 effect clusters of indicators for seismic and flood resilience. The 'response capacity' cluster has the most impact on seismic and flood resilience, while the 'transportation and accessibility' cluster is the most affected cluster. This article presents a framework for evaluating flood and seismic resilience and makes suggestions for future research.

关键词： Resilience Flood Earthquake Dematel Resilience assessment Multiple Hazards DEMATEL MAP

Use of graphs to assess well safety in drilling projects and during operations by identification of available barrier elements and consolidation of barrier envelopes

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PETROLEUM RESEARCH 2024年第3期9卷 418-431页

作者： Choueri Jr, Nelson Jaculli, Marcelo Anunciacao Leite, Amanda Gabriela Aparecida Silva Mendes, Jose Ricardo Pelaquim univ Estadual Campinas Campinas Brazil

Two independent barrier envelopes are the usual requirement used in most well operations to avoid catastrophic accidents. These are classified as primary- concerning preventing the occurrence of a kick, and secondary- concerning controlling the kick to avoid a blowout. Barrier envelopes consist of barrier elements, thus verifying the quality of these elements is fundamental. Barrier elements may be either redundant or mandatory, and these relationships are what constitute the barrier envelopes. In this work, we present a methodology to evaluate well safety by identifying existing barrier elements and barrier envelopes and mapping their relationships through the usage of graphs technique. This technique explicitly states the relationship between barriers and between them and envelopes. It enables a simpler visualization for well designers and allows the development of computer programs to control the safety and integrity of wells, both in the design phase and during drilling. 12 graphs are provided for a 4-phase well (conductor, surface, production, and drill-in), considering both the primary and secondary envelopes. Reasoning for constructing each graph is thoroughly provided. If these graphs are used, reliability values can then be assigned to each barrier element, which results in the reliability of entire barrier envelopes. This can be further extended to analyze the safety of each operation by applying the system to operational sequences and even comparing well designs.

关键词： Barrier elements Barrier envelopes Well design Well safety Graphs technique RISK ANALYSIS BAYESIAN NETWORKS OFFSHORE OIL RELIABILITY

Properties of the phase diagram from the Nambu-Jona-Lasino model with a scalar-vector interaction

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-12页

作者： Yang, Yong-Hang Liu, He Chu, Peng-Cheng Qingdao univ Technol Sch Sci Qingdao 266520 Peoples R China Qingdao univ Technol Res Ctr Theoret Phys Qingdao 266033 Peoples R China

We investigated the properties of the phase diagram of high-order susceptibilities, speed of sound, and polytropic index based on an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with an eight-quark scalar-vector interaction. Non-monotonic behavior was observed in all these quantities around the phase transition boundary, which also revealed the properties of the critical point. Further, this study indicated that the chiral phase transition boundary and critical point could vary depending on the scalar-vector coupling constant GSV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G_\text {SV}$$\end{document}. At finite densities and temperatures, the negative GSV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G_\text {SV}$$\end{document} term exhibited attractive interactions, which enhanced the critical point temperature and reduced the chemical potential. The GSV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G_\text {SV}$$\end{document} term also affected the properties of the high-order susceptibilities, speed of sound, and polytropic index near the critical point. The non-monotonic (peak or dip) structures of these quantities shifted to a low baryon chemical potential (and high temperature) with a negative GSV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G_\te

关键词： QCD phase diagram High-order susceptibilities Speed of sound Polytropic index NJL model QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS TRANSITION STATE

MOF synthesis using waste PET for applications of adsorption, catalysis and energy storage

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GREEN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT 2024年第11期9卷 1650-1665页

作者： Li, Hongmei Lei, Jinming Zhu, Liying Yao, Yanling Li, Yuanhua Li, Tianhao Qiu, Chuntian Chengdu univ Coll Food & Bioengn Chengdu 610106 Peoples R China Zhejiang univ ZJU Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr Hangzhou 311215 Peoples R China Huizhou univ Sch Chem & Mat Engn Huizhou 516007 Peoples R China Southwest univ Sch Mat & Energy Chongqing Key Lab Adv Mat & Technol Clean Energy Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Southwest univ Yibin Acad Univ Rd Yibin 644005 Sichuan Peoples R China

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as one of non-degradable wastes has become a huge threat to the environment and human health. Chemical Recycle of PET is a sustainable way to release 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC) the monomer of PET as common used organic linker for synthesis of functional Metal-organic-frameworks (PET-derived MOFs) such as UiO-66, MIL-101, etc. This sustainable and costeffective "Waste-to-MOFs" model is of great significant to be intensively investigated in the past years. Attributes of substantial porosity, specific surface area, exposed metal centers, uniform structure, and flexible morphology render PET-derived MOFs are well-suited for applications in adsorption, energy storage, catalysis, among others. Herein, in the present work, we have summarized recent advances in synthesis of PETderived MOFs using ex-situ and in-situ methods for typical applications of adsorption, catalysis and energy storage. Despite those improvements in synthesis methods and potential applications, challenges still remain in development of green and economical routes to fully utilize waste PET for massive manufacture of valuable MOF materials and chemicals. This review provides insights into the conversion of non-degradable PET waste to value-added MOF materials, and further suggests promising perspectives to develop the sustainable "Waste-to-MOFs" model in (c) 2024 Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Plastic waste Polyethylene terephthalate Chemical recycle 4-benzenedicarboxylic acid Metal organic frameworks METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTES BOTTLES DEPOLYMERIZATION STRATEGIES REDUCTION

Investigation of a solid particle deposition velocity in drag reducing fluids with salinity

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PETROLEUM RESEARCH 2024年第3期9卷 347-358页

作者： Obi, Chinemerem Rahman, Mohammad Azizur Hassan, Ibrahim Hasan, Rashid Texas A&M univ Doha Qatar Texas A&M univ CS College Stn TX 77840 USA

Optimal and cost-effective drilling operations in extended-reach horizontal wells depend on efficient solid cuttings removal from the borehole. Several solids-suspended multiphase processes such as crude petroleum transportation, separation, and processing of oil and gas streams also require the efficient removal of these solids. The terminal settling velocity (V-ts) of the solid particle is a vital parameter that controls the removal efficiency of these solids. In a drilling scenario when there is a hold on fluid circulation such as connection time, the accurate estimation of V-s provides the driller with time available to prevent solid deposition. In severe conditions, this can result in a stuck pipe, especially for extended-reach horizontal wells. In this work, both spherical and non-spherical particle deposition were experimentally investigated in several fluid rheology and salinity. Two concentrations (0.1 vol% and 0.05 vol%.) of partially-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) were used as a drag-reducing additive for water-based drilling mud. The PHPA drag-reducing fluid (reduced pressure loss) acts as a turbulence inhibitor. The PHPA polymer chain suppresses any turbulence in the flow, reducing the turbulent eddy viscosity. The effects of salinity (3wt.%NaCl and 3wt.%CaCl2 contamination) on solid particle settling velocity (V-s) in drag-reducing fluids were also investigated. Terminal velocity was achieved for all experiments and seemed to increase with increased diameter/sphericity. However, cases when this trend was not consistent were observed and therefore a new parameter of Phi (sphericity index x diameter) was proposed. V-s increases with Phi value for all cases. During drilling, PHPA also aids in sealing the fracture in the formation. With and without salt in the fluid, how lowering drag affected the settling velocity of solid particles (drill cuttings) could be observed. The settling velocity tests will be improved in drag-reducing PHPA solutions with the

关键词： Deposition velocity Drag reducing fluids Salinity Visualization Drilling SETTLING VELOCITY TERMINAL VELOCITY COEFFICIENT WATER PREDICTION TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR FIBER FALL

Design of a Socially Inclusive Climate Risk Transfer Mechanism: A Case Study in La Guajira, Colombia

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE 2024年第4期15卷 565-578页

作者： Lopera, Cristian Camilo Fernandez Mendes, Jose Manuel Barata, Eduardo Jorge univ Coimbra Inst Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Social Studies P-3000995 Coimbra Portugal univ Coimbra Fac Econ Ctr Social Studies P-3000995 Coimbra Portugal univ Coimbra Fac Econ CeBER P-3004512 Coimbra Portugal

The primary aim of this study was to develop a model of a socially inclusive climate risk insurance (CRI) mechanism based on the differential risk transfer approach. This study focused on the department of La Guajira, Colombia, as a case study. La Guajira is the department in Colombia that, due to its critical disaster risk conditions, presents the adequate configuration for implementing a climate risk transfer mechanism. The article starts by analyzing risk conditions by using secondary data. Based on fieldwork, this research explored the perspectives of the most vulnerable sectors in La Guajira Department on the socioeconomic impacts and needs they experience regarding climate-related hazards, their adaptive measures for risk reduction, and their willingness to adopt CRI. This represents the fundamental input for the formulation of the CRI model. Consequently, this research proposed an operational structure as input for future implementations of the model. The results indicate that national and local disaster risk management public policies align with the sectors' needs and priorities. Strengthening sectoral associations can enhance representation in CRI projects. In-kind indemnization is preferred for women entrepreneurs and the indigenous community. The CRI model includes a risk pool through the family compensation fund of La Guajira as a sectoral agglomerator, with contingent credit and traditional/parametric insurance. The methodology developed in this study can be applied in different contexts worldwide as a guidance for informing national and international climate risk finance initiatives.

关键词： Colombia Disaster risk financing Disaster risk management La Guajira Climate risk insurance Socioeconomic vulnerability

Development of a MWDC prototype of the CSR external-target experiment

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-14页

作者： He, Zhou-Bo Qin, Zhi Ma, Peng Yang, He-Run Wei, Xiang-Lun Lu, Chen-Gui Wen, Xiang-Jie Zhang, Xiu-Ling Chen, Tao Li, Zhi-Jie Yang, Yuan-Sheng Zhan, Mei-Qiang Liu, Can-Wen Li, Meng Qiu, Tian-Li Gong, Yi-Wei Huang, Xin-Jie Yin, Xiao-Hao He, Zhi-Xuan Zhang, Jun-Wei Zou, Hai-Chuan Fu, Sheng-Wei Guo, Dong Yan, Jun-Wei Cao, Zhe Deng, Zhi Kong, Jie Xiao, Zhi-Gang Hu, Rong-Jiang Duan, Li-Min Chinese Acad Sci Inst Modern Phys Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Tsinghua univ Dept Phys Beijing 100084 Peoples R China univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Sichuan univ Inst Nucl Sci & Technol Key Lab Radiat Phys & Technol Minist Educ Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China Lanzhou univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China North China univ Water Resources & Elect Power Zhengzhou 450000 Peoples R China

The cooling storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) is a spectrometer used in construction to study the properties of nuclear matter in high-baryon density regions at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). This study presents the design, simulation, manufacturing, and testing of a half-size prototype of a multi-wire drift chamber (MWDC) for the CEE. First, the performance of the MWDC connected to homemade electronics was simulated. The results demonstrated that an energy resolution of 18.5% % for 5.9-keV X-rays and a position resolution of 194 mu m for protons can be achieved by the current design. Because the size of the largest MWDC reached 176 cm x 314 cm, a set of 98 cm x 98 cm prototypes was built using the new techniques. The positioning accuracy of the anode wires in this prototype is better than 20 mu m. After optimization, using commercially available electronics, the prototype can achieved an energy resolution of 19.7% % for a Fe-55 X-ray source. The CEE-MWDC detector and electronics were simultaneously tested. An energy resolution of 22% % was achieved for the Fe-55 source; the track residuals were approximately 330 mu m for the cosmic rays. The results demonstrate that the current design and techniques meet the requirements of the CEE-MWDC array.

关键词： CEE MWDC Garfield plus plus Fe-55 source Position resolution DRIFT CHAMBER HIRFL-CSR

Tropical Cyclones in Nicaragua: Historical Impact and Contemporary Exposure to Disaster Risk

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE 2024年第4期15卷 579-593页

作者： Velasquez-Espinoza, Gema Alcantara-Ayala, Irasema Natl Autonomous univ Nicaragua Fac Sci & Engn Unan Managua 14172 Nicaragua Natl Autonomous univ Mexico UNAM Postgrad Programme Geog Mexico City Mexico Natl Autonomous univ Mex UNAM Inst Geog Mexico City 04510 Mexico

In tropical regions such as Nicaragua, the population's vulnerability to hazards has escalated in recent decades. This increase in vulnerability has led to a surge in disasters, particularly those triggered by intense hurricanes. The implications at the national level are still poorly understood. The aim of this article has, therefore, been two-fold. First, to present a historical review of the direct effects of tropical cyclones on society in Nicaragua from 1852 to 2020. Second, to analyze the statistical probabilities of future hurricane-spawned high winds over Nicaragua. Data on cyclones hitting Nicaragua's coasts were collected, including direct effects, wind speed, pressure, category, direction, and time of landfall. A database was created to classify intensity based on wind speed and frequency. Between 1852 and 2020, Nicaragua experienced 58 tropical cyclones with varying degrees of intensity between September and November. The trajectories of six past hurricanes were considered here regarding the areas that might have been under potential threat. Three zones of influence were delimited along each trajectory according to three wind intensities and the trajectory of these hurricanes. The consequent exposure of each Nicaraguan department and autonomous region was established. The findings are essential to delimitating priority areas for attention regarding the likely impact of tropical cyclones, mainly category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Public officials and the general public can use these data to identify the pressing need for enhanced strategies to mitigate disaster risk and avoid potential disasters.

关键词： Exposure Historical impact Hurricanes Nicaragua Tropical cyclones Vulnerability ATLANTIC HURRICANES FREQUENCY INTENSITY WINDS DECAY

COVID-19 and regional resilience: Trends, priorities, and the geography of research

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JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND RESILIENCE 2024年第3期5卷 295-305页

作者： Turgel, Irina D. Chernova, Olga A. Ural Fed univ Mira St 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia Southern Fed univ Maxim Gorky St 88 Rostov Na Donu 344002 Russia

The global economic crisis of 2008-2013 led to the emergence of the concept of resilience, which focuses on the ability of socio-economic system store cover socially, economically, and environmentally after external impacts. The COVID-19 pandemic spurred scholarly interest in regional resilience as a new conceptual framework for the sustainability theory. This paper aims to examine the influence of the pandemic on the trends and geography of regional resilience studies. We analyzed data derived from Science Direct and used VOSviewer to perform clustering and bibliometric network analysis. The countries that suffered the most from the pandemic and showed the largest regional socioeconomic disparities have become new centers of knowledge on regional resilience. Moreover, the pandemic has led to a visible shift in the research focus. Thus, after 2020, more attention has been paid to the structural and topological characteristics of regions that enable them to reorganize their resources more effectively in times of crisis. This study investigates the potential of the resilient development concept as a framework for gaining insights into the factors supporting regional adaptability.

关键词： Regional economy Regional resilience Bibliometric analysis COVID-19 Spatial analysis ECONOMIC RESILIENCE ADAPTATION CRISIS