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Role of incretins and glucagon receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease:Opportunities and challenges

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 731-750页

作者： Chencheng Xie Naim Alkhouri Mohamed A Elfeki department of Internal Medicine University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineSioux FallsSD 57105United States department of Hepatology Avera Mckennan University Hospital and Transplant InstituteSioux FallsSD 57105United States department of Hepatology Arizona Liver HealthChandlerAZ 85712United States department of Hepatology Avera McKennan University Hospital and Transplant InstituteSioux FallsSD 57105United States

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide,paralleling the rising pandemic of obesity and type 2 *** to the growing global health burden and com-plex pathogenesis of MASLD,a multifaceted and innovative therapeutic approach is *** receptor agonists,which were initially developed for diabetes management,have emerged as promising candidates for MASLD *** review describes the pathophysiological mechanisms and action sites of three major classes of incretin/glucagon receptor agonists:glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists,and glucagon receptor *** and glucagon directly or indirectly impact various organs,including the liver,brain,pancreas,gastro-intestinal tract,and adipose ***,these agents significantly improve glycemic control and weight management and mitigate MASLD ***,this study provides a summary of clinical trials analyzing the effect-iveness and safety of incretin receptor agonists in MASLD management and provides an in-depth analysis highlighting their beneficial effects on improving liver function,hepatic steatosis,and intrahepatic *** are emerging challenges associated with the use of these medications in the real world,particularly adverse events,drug-drug interactions,and barriers to access,which are discussed in ***,this review highlights the evolving role of incretin receptor agonists in MASLD management and suggests future research directions.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucose-dependent inulinotropic polypeptide Glucagon Incretin Receptor agonist

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Echocardiographic predictors and associated outcomes of multiple vegetations in infective endocarditis:A pilot study

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第6期16卷 318-328页

作者： Ajay Kumar Mishra Kannu Bansal Ibragim Al-Seykal Pradnya B Bhattad Anu Anna George Anil Jha Nitish Sharma Jennifer Sargent Mark J Kranis Division of Cardiology Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States department of Internal Medicine Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States department of Medicine Division of CardiologySaint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States

BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis(IE)is a life-threatening infection with an annual mortality of 40%.Embolic events reported in up to 80%of *** of>10 mm size are associated with increased embolic events and poor *** is a paucity of literature on the association of multiple vegetations with *** To study the echocardiographic(ECHO)features and outcomes associated with the presence of multiple *** In this retrospective,single-center,cohort study patients diagnosed with IE were recruited from June 2017 to June 2019.A total of 84 patients were diagnosed to have IE,of whom 67 with vegetation were *** demographic,clinical,laboratory,and ECHO parameters were *** that were studied included recurrent admission,embolic phenomenon,and *** Twenty-three(34%)patients were noted to have multiple vegetations,13(56.5%)were male and 10(43.5%)were *** mean age of these patients was ***(35%)had a prior episode of *** features of moderate to severe valvular regurgitation[odds ratio(OR)=4],presence of pacemaker lead(OR=4.8),impaired left ventricle(LV)relaxation(OR=4),and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP)(OR=2.2)are associated with higher odds of multiple *** these moderate to severe valvular regurgitation(P=0.028),pacemaker lead(P=0.039)and impaired relaxation(P=0.028)were statistically *** patients were noted to have an increased association of recurrent admissions(OR=3.6),recurrent bacteremia(OR=2.4),embolic phenomenon(OR=2.5),intensive care unit stay(OR=2.8),hypotension(OR=2.1),surgical intervention(OR=2.8)and device removal(OR=4.8).Of this device removal(P=0.039)and recurrent admissions(P=0.017)were statistically *** This study highlights the associations of ECHO predictors and outcomes in patients with IE having multiple *** features of moderate to severe regurgitation,presence of pacemaker lead,impai

关键词： Endocarditis Echocardiography Vegetations Predictors Outcome

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Surgeon preferences in the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 435-443页

作者： Edward J Wu Bradley W Fossum Wyatt Vander Voort Christopher O Bayne Robert M Szabo department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455United States department of Orthopaedic Surgery UC Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCA 95817United States

BACKGROUND Primary thumb carpometacarpal(CMC)osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions encountered by hand *** the vast number of operations that have been proposed,none have demonstrated results significantly superior to trapeziectomy *** The purpose of our study was to determine why surgeons opt for their technique in treating CMC *** A cross-sectional survey of active members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand was conducted to evaluate the reasons behind their preferred technique in the treatment of isolated thumb CMC *** were contacted by email once and provided with a link to a de-identified survey consisting of 5 treatment questions and 5 demographic *** Of 950 responses were received.40.5%of surgeons preferred trapeziectomy+ligament reconstruction tendon interposition(LRTI),followed by trapeziectomy+suspensionplasty(28.2%),suture button suspension(5.9%),trapeziectomy alone(4.6%),prosthetic arthroplasty(3.2%),arthrodesis(1.1%),and other(6.6%).Proponents of trapeziectomy+LRTI cited familiarity(73.2%),exposure during fellowship(48.8%)and less proximal migration(60%)to be the main reasons affecting their *** who preferred trapeziectomy+suspensionplasty most reported simplicity(74.9%),fewer complications(45.3%),less proximal migration(43.8%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(42.7%).Advocates of suture button suspension cited avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(80.4%),shorter immobilization(76.8%),and quicker recovery(73.2%)with their *** of trapeziectomy alone cited simplicity(97.7%),fewer complications(86.4%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(59.1%).In their comments,45%of surgeons choosing trapeziectomy alone cited evidence as an additional *** of prosthetic arthroplasty cited improved pinch strength(83.3%)and improved range of motion(63.3%),while those preferring arthrodesis cited better pinch strength(90%)and freque

关键词： Thumb carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Trapeziectomy Ligament reconstruction tendon interposition Suspensionplasty Preferences Trends

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Deep learning automation of radiographic patterns for hallux valgus diagnosis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 105-109页

作者： Angela Hussain Cadence Lee Eric Hu Farid Amirouche department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Illinois College of MedicineChicagoIL 60612United States department of Orthopaedics Surgery University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60612United States department of Orthopaedic Surgery Northshore University Health SystemSkokieIL 6007United States

Artificial intelligence(AI)and deep learning are becoming increasingly powerful tools in diagnostic and radiographic *** learning has already been utilized for automated detection of pneumonia from chest radiographs,diabetic retinopathy,breast cancer,skin carcinoma classification,and metastatic lymphadenopathy detection,with diagnostic reliability akin to medical *** the World Journal of Orthopedics article,the authors apply an automated and AIassisted technique to determine the hallux valgus angle(HVA)for assessing HV foot *** the U-net neural network,the authors constructed an algorithm for pattern recognition of HV foot deformity from anteroposterior highresolution *** performance of the deep learning algorithm was compared to expert clinician manual performance and assessed alongside clinician-clinician *** authors found that the AI tool was sufficient in assessing HVA and proposed the system as an instrument to augment clinical *** further sophistication is needed to establish automated algorithms for more complicated foot pathologies,this work adds to the growing evidence supporting AI as a powerful diagnostic tool.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Hallux valgus Deep learning Automated radiography

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Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recommendations

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 40-47页

作者： Darya M Herscovici Katherine M Cooper Alessandro Colletta Michelle Rightmyer Alexandra Shingina Lauren D Feld department of Medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Transplant Nutrition UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37215United States Division of Gastroenterology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States

Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of mortality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant *** recommendations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from recommendations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic *** these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients,established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are *** this paper,we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to improve nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.

关键词： Nutrition Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Liver transplant Cirrhosis Chronic liver disease Body composition Myostatin

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Does the use of double hormone replacement therapy for trauma patient organ donors improve organ recovery for transplant

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 119-125页

作者： Eden M Gallegos Tanner Reed Paige Deville Blake Platt Claudia Leonardi Lillian Bellfi Jessica Dufrene Saad Chaudhary John Hunt Lance Stuke Patrick Greiffenstein Jonathan Schoen Alan Marr Anil Paramesh Alison A Smith department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70124United States department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States department of Trauma Surgery Tacoma General HospitalTacoma 98405United States department of Public Health Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States department of Donation Services Louisiana Organ Procurement AgencyCovingtonLA 70433United States department of Surgery Tulane Transplant InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States

BACKGROUND With an ongoing demand for transplantable organs,optimization of donor management protocols,specifically in trauma populations,is important for obta-ining a high yield of viable organs per *** management of brain-dead potential organ donors(BPODs)is controversial,leading to heterogeneous clinical management *** studies have shown that when levo-thyroxine was combined with other treatments,including steroids,vasopressin,and insulin,BPODs had better organ recovery and survival outcomes were increased for transplant *** To determine if levothyroxine use in combination with steroids in BPODs increased the number of organs donated in trauma *** A retrospective review of adult BPODs from a single level 1 trauma center over ten years was *** criteria included patients who were not solid organ donors,patients who were not declared brain dead(donation after circulatory death),and patients who did not receive steroids in their hospital *** and steroid administration,the number of organs donated,the types of organs donated,and demographic information were *** analyses were performed with P0.05).In the ST/LT group,68.1%(n=47)donated a high yield(3-5)of organ types per donor compared to 42.1%(n=8)in the ST group(P=0.038).There was no difference in the total number of organ types donated between the groups(P=0.068).CONCLUSION This study suggests that combining levothyroxine and steroid administration increases high-yield organ donation per donor in BPODs in the trauma patient *** to this study include

关键词： Organ donation Trauma Brain death Levothyroxine Hormone replacement therapy Steroids Organ donor Retrospective

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Is it necessary to stop glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists prior to endoscopic procedure? A retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第26期30卷 3221-3228页

作者： Haider Ghazanfar Nismat Javed Abeer Qasim Franklin Sosa Faryal Altaf Shazia Khan Jaydeep Mahasamudram Abhilasha Jyala Sameer Datta Kandhi Dongmin Shin Nikhitha Mantri Haozhe Sun Siddarth Hanumanthu Harish Patel Jasbir Makker Bhavna Balar Anil Dev Sridhar Chilimuri Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineBronxCare Health SystemIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiBronxNY 10457United States department of Internal Medicine BronxCare Health SystemIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiBronxNY 10457United States

BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RA)are effective in diabetes and obesity,reducing hyperglycemia by increasing insulin release and delaying gastric ***,they can cause gastroparesis,raising concerns about aspiration during *** guidelines advise discontinuing GLP-1 RA before surgery to reduce the risk of pulmonary *** To evaluate the effect of GLP-1 RAs on gastric residual contents during endosco-pic *** A retrospective chart review at BronxCare Health System,New York,from January 2019 to October 2023,assessed gastric residue and aspiration in GLP-1 RA patients undergoing endoscopic *** groups were compared based on dietary status before the *** included demographics,symptoms of gastroparesis,opiate use,hemoglobin A1c,GLP-1 agonist indication,endo-scopic details,and aspiration *** SPSS was used for analysis,cal-culating means,standard deviations,and applying Pearson’s chi-square and t-tests for associations,with P<0.05 as being *** During the study,306 patients were included,with 41.2%on a clear liquid/low residue diet and 58.8%on a regular diet before *** patients(63.1%)were male,with a mean age of 60±12 *** majority(85.6%)were on GLP-1 RAs for diabetes,and 10.1%reported digestive symptoms before *** those on a clear liquid diet,1.5%had residual food at endoscopy compared to 10%on a regular diet,which was statistically significant(P=0.03).Out of 31 patients with digestive symptoms,13%had residual food,all from the regular diet group(P=0.130).No complications were reported during or after the *** The study reflects a significant rise in GLP-1 RA use for diabetes and obesity.A 24-hour liquid diet seems safe for endoscopic procedures without *** with upper gastrointestinal symptoms might have a higher residual food risk,though not statistically *** research is needed

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists Gastroparesis Endoscopic procedures Residual food Complications

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Anti-oxidative stress treatment and current clinical trials

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 294-299页

作者： Chun-Ye Zhang Ming Yang Bond Life Sciences Center University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211United States department of Surgery University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States

Oxidative stress disturbs the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the detoxification biological *** plays an important role in the development and progression of many chronic *** exposure to oxidative stress or the inducers of ROS,the cellular nucleus undergoes some biological processes via different signaling pathways,such as stress adaption through the forkhead box O signaling pathway,inflammatory response through the IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway,hypoxic response via the hypoxia-inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins pathway,DNA repair or apoptosis through the p53 signaling pathway,and antioxidant response through the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling *** processes are involved in many ***,oxidative stress has gained more attraction as a targeting process for disease ***,anti-oxidative stress agents have been widely explored in pre-clinical ***,only limited clinical trials are performed to evaluate the efficacy of anti-oxidative stress agents or antioxidants in *** this letter,we further discuss the current clinical trials related to anti-oxidative stress treatment in different *** pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are expected to use anti-oxidative stress strategies as disease treatment or dietary supplementation to improve disease treatment outcomes.

关键词： Anti-oxidative stress treatment Clinical trials Drugs Dietary invention Reactive oxygen species

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Multiple interface coupling on natural tourmaline enables high-efficiency removal of antibiotic:Superior property and mechanism

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 242-254页

作者： Jingjing Cui Xiangyu Liu Feifan Qie Chengzhe Xie Qingdong He Jian Liu Steven L.Suib Wenbo Wang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China department of Chemistry University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269-3060United States

Reasonably designing highly active,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective catalysts for efficient elimination of pollutants from water is desirable but ***,an efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst tourmaline(TM)/tungsten oxide(WO_(3-x))(named TW10)containing tungsten/boron/iron(W/B/Fe)synergistic active centers and 90%of cheap natural tourmaline(TM)mineral rich in Fe and B *** TW10 catalyst can quickly activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to generate massive active free radicals,which may induce the rapid and efficient degradation of tetracycline(TC).The TW10/PMS/Visible light system can effectively degrade up to 98.7%of tetracycline(TC)in actual waters(***,Yellow River,and Yangtze River water),and the catalytic degradation rates reach 1.65,5.569,and 2.38 times higher than those of TM,WO_(3-x),and commercial P25(Degussa,Germany),*** addition,the catalyst can be recycled and reused multiple *** spin resonance spectroscopy(EPR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(LC-MS)analyses confirm that the synergistic catalytic effect of W/B/Fe sites on the TW10 catalyst accelerates the electron transfer between Fe(Ⅱ)and Fe(Ⅲ),as well as between W(Ⅴ)and W(Ⅵ),and thus promotes the rapid degradation of *** catalytic reaction mechanism and degradation pathway of TC were *** work provides a feasible route for the design and development of new eco-friendly and efficient catalyst.

关键词： Tourmaline(TM) Fenton-like catalyst Tungsten oxide Peroxymonosulfate Antibiotic

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Size matters:the biochemical logic of ligand type in endocrine crosstalk

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 10-20页

作者： Jameel Barkat Lone Jonathan Z.Long Katrin J.Svensson department of Pathology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Stanford Diabetes Research Center Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States Sarafan ChEM-H Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University School of MedicineCA 94305United States

The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism,physiology,and other aspects of organismal *** signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands,also called hormones,including metabolites,lipids,steroids,peptides,and *** size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive,responsive,and adaptable to meet the demands of changing *** has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system?What is the chemical,signaling,or physiologic logic of these ligands?What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk?This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry,temporal regulation in physiology,specificity,signaling actions,and evolutionary development.

关键词： endocrine ligand size metabolites signaling evolution

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