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Chemical-assisted MMP reduction on methane-oil systems:Implications for natural gas injection to enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mohamed Almobarak Matthew B.Myers Colin D.Wood Yongbing Liu Ali Saeedi Quan Xie Discipline of Petroleum Engineering WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Curtin University oil and Gas Innovation Centre Management State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation

Miscible natural gas injection is widely considered as a practical and efficient enhanced oil recovery technique. However, the main challenge in this process is the high minimum miscibility pressure（MMP）between natural gas and crude oil, which limits its application and recovery factor, especially in hightemperature reservoirs. Therefore, we present a novel investigation to quantify the effect of chemicalassisted MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor. Firstly, we measured the interfacial tension（IFT） of the methane-oil system in the presence of chemical or CO2to calculate the MMP reduction at a constant temperature（373K） using the vanishing interfacial tension（VIT） method. Afterwards, we performed three coreflooding experiments to quantify the effect of MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor under different injection *** interfacial tension measurements show that adding a small fraction（1.5 wt%） of the tested surfactant（SOLOTERRA ME-6） achieved 9% of MMP reduction, while adding 20 wt% of CO2to the methane yields 13% of MMP reduction. Then, the coreflooding results highlight the significance of achieving miscibility during gas injection, as the ultimate recovery factor increased from 65.5% under immiscible conditions to 77.2% using chemical-assisted methane, and to 79% using gas mixture after achieving near miscible condition. The results demonstrate the promising potential of the MMP reduction to significantly increase the oil recovery factor during gas injection. Furthermore, these results will likely expand the application envelop of the miscible gas injection, in addition to the environmental benefits of utilizing the produced gas by re-injection/recycling instead of flaring which contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： Gas injection Enhanced oil recovery Miscibility Coreflooding

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Wettability modification effects on relative permeability end-points:Comparative analysis of surfactant agents for enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 206-218页

作者： Erfan Hosseini Negar Hosseini Mohammad Sarmadivaleh Exploration Directorate National Iranian Oil Company(NIOC)TehranIran Department of Petroleum Engineering Islamic Azad University(IAU)IlamIran WA School of Mines:minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia

This research examines the impact of wettability alteration on the end points of relative permeability,a crucial property of fluids and porous media that influences the displacement processes of immiscible fluids through such *** estimation of the mobility ratio for oil recovery relies on these end points,which are influenced by connate water saturation and residual oil *** investigate this relationship,carbonate rock is generally subjected to wettability alteration using surfactant agents,and core flooding is employed to determine the relative permeability before and after the *** wettability of the rock is commonly assessed through contact angle *** surfactants,TritonX-100(Tx-100)and Cedar,were tested in reducing the wettability of the porous media for *** contact angle measurements revealed that Tx-100 was more effective for this purpose than ***,the relative permeability tests indicated that both surfactants decreased residual oil saturation,but Tx-100 also improved system *** contrast,Cedar reduced residual oil saturation but increased system pressure,possibly because of its high *** results also demonstrate that injecting Tx-100 leads to a 14%increase in ultimate oil recovery compared with water injection,while Cedar injection increased the recovery factor by 5%.This difference may be attributed to the incomplete coverage of the pore wall by Cedar or its weaker chemical structure than ***,in carbonate cores,neither non-ionic surfactant enhanced oil recovery.

关键词： Wettability alteration Relative permeability Core flooding Tx-100 Cedar Contact angle

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Molecular Dynamics Numerical Simulation of Adsorption Characteristics and Exploitation Limits in Shale oil Microscopic Pore Spaces

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1915-1924页

作者： Guochen Xu Taizhou oil Production Plant Sinopec East China Oil and Gas CompanyTaizhou225300China

Microscopic pore structure in continental shale oil reservoirs is characterized by small pore throats and complex *** adsorption behavior of hydrocarbons on the pore walls exhibits unique physical and chemical ***,studying the adsorption morphology of hydrocarbon components in nanometer-sized pores and clarifying the exploitation limits of shale oil at the microscopic level are of great practical significance for the efficient development of continental shale *** this study,molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption characteristics of various single-component shale oils in inorganic quartz fissures,and the influence of pore size and shale oil hydrocarbon composition on the adsorption properties in the pores was *** results show that different molecules have different adsorption capacities in shale oil pores,with lighter hydrocarbon components(C6H14)exhibiting stronger adsorption *** the same adsorbed molecule,the adsorption amount linearly increases with the increase in pore diameter,but larger pores contribute more to shale oil *** shale pores,the thickness of the adsorption layer formed by shale oil molecules ranges from 0.4 to 0.5 nm,which is similar to the width of alkane *** oil in the adsorbed state that is difficult to be exploited is mainly concentrated in the first adsorption *** them,the volume fraction of adsorbed shale oil in 6 nm shale pores is 40.8%,while the volume fraction of shale oil that is difficult to be exploited is 16.2%.

关键词： Shale oil utilization limit micro adsorption molecular dynamics simulation

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An optimal flow rate allocation model of the oilfield treated oil pipeline network

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 93-100页

作者： Hai Li Tianyou Fan Kun Wang Xueyuan Long Yu He Meng Wang Wen Cheng Qian Huang Huirong Huang Weichao Yu PetroChina Southwest oil & Gasfield Company China Petroleum Planning & Engineering Institute School of Petroleum Engineering Chongqing University of Science and Technology PipeChina oil & Gas Control Center

oilfield treated oil pipeline network is the link connecting the upstream oilfields and the downstream refineries. Due to the differences in operating costs and transportation fee between different pipelines and the fluctuation in the demand and sales prices of the treated oil, there is an optimal flow allocation plan for the pipeline network to make the oilfield company obtain the highest social and economic benefit. In this study, a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) model is developed to determine the optimal flow rate allocation plan of the large-scale and complex treated oil pipeline network, and both the social and economic benefits are considered simultaneously. The optimization objective is the multi-objective which includes the largest user satisfaction and the highest economic benefit. The model constraints include the oilfield production capacity, refinery demand, pipeline transmission capacity,flow, pressure, and temperature of the node and station, and the pipeline hydraulic and thermal calculations. Python 3.7 is utilized for the programming of the off-line calculation procedure and the MINLP model, and GUROBI 9.0.2 is served as the MINLP solver. Moreover, the model is applied to a real treated oil pipeline network located in China, and three optimization scenarios are analyzed. For social benefit,the values of the user satisfaction of each refinery and the total network are 1 before and after optimization for scenarios 1, 2, and 3. For economic benefit, the annual revenue can be increased by 0.227,0.293, and 0.548 billion yuan after the optimization in scenario 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

关键词： Treated oil pipeline network Flow rate allocation Optimal User satisfaction Economic benefit

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Experimental study on wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil in intermittent gas-oil flow in pipelines

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2080-2088页

作者： Chuan-Shuo Wang Qian-Li Ma Xiao-Fang Lv Jie Zhang Yang Liu Shi-Dong Zhou Jiangsu Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Technology Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164JiangsuPR China Hade oil and Gas Development Department Tarim Oilfield BranchKorla841000XinjiangPR China

oil-gas two phase wax deposition is a fairly common and open-ended question in flow assurance of multiphase transportation *** paper investigated the two main aspects of oil-gas two phase wax deposition layer:apparent thickness and crystal structure characteristics.A typical highly paraffinic oil in Bohai Sea,China,was used as the experimental material to investigate the wax deposition thickness in oil-gas two phase under the influence of different oil temperatures,superficial gas/liquid phase velocities and gas-oil ratios by using multiphase flow loop experimental *** as in the classical theory of wax molecular diffusion,it showed that wax deposition thickness of oil-gas two phase increased with increasing oil *** of the impact of different superficial phase velocities found that the actual liquid flow heat transfer and shear stripping was the gas phase dominant mechanisms determining wax deposit *** addition,the crystal structure of the wax deposition layer was characterized with the help of small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)for different circumferential positions,flow rates and gas-oil *** bottom deposition layer had a complex crystal structure and high hardness,which were subject to change over flow rate ***,the SAXS results provided evidence that the indirect effect of the actual liquid velocity modified by the gas phase was the main *** study of the effect of gas phase on the wax deposition of oil-gas two phase will help shed light onto the mechanism by which this important process *** findings address a very urgent need in the field of wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil to understand the flow security of oilgas two phase that occurs easily in multiphase field pipelines.

关键词： oil-gas two phase Highly paraffinic oil Wax deposition SAXS

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The behaviors of gas-liquid two-phase flow under gas kick during horizontal drilling with oil-based muds

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 49-67页

作者： Yu Su Huiyun Ma Jianhua Guo Xinyu Shen Zhaoliang Yang Jie Wu Engineering Technology Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company

Natural gas is easily soluble in oil-based muds(OBM), leading to complex flow behavior in wellbores,especially in horizontal wells. In this study, a new transient flow model considering wellbore-formation coupling and gas solubility on flow behavior is developed to simulate gas kicks during horizontal drilling with OBM. Furthermore, the effect of gas solubility on parameters such as bottom-hole pressure(BHP),gas void fraction and mixture velocity in the flow behavior is analyzed. Finally, several critical factors affecting flow behavior are investigated and compared to gas kicks in water-based muds(WBM) where the effect of solubility is neglected. The results show that the invading gas exists as dissolved gas in the OBM and as free gas in the WBM. Before the gas escapes from the OBM, the pit gain is zero and there is barely any change in the BHP, annulus return flow rate and mixture velocity, which means that detecting gas kicks through these warning signs can be challenging until they get very close to the surface and develop rapidly. However, in WBM drilling, these parameters change quickly with the increasing gas kick time. Additionally, for both cases, the longer the horizontal length and the greater reservoir permeability,the greater the decrease in BHP, and the shorter the time for gas to migrate from the bottom-hole to the wellhead. A larger flow rate contributes to a greater initial BHP and a lesser BHP reduction. This research is of value in characterizing gas kick behavior and identifying novel ways for early gas kick detection during horizontal drilling with OBM.

关键词： Flow behavior Gas solubility Gas kick Horizontal drilling oil-based muds Water-based muds

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Development review and the prospect of oil shale in-situ catalysis conversion technology

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1385-1395页

作者： Li Wang Chen-Hao Gao Rui-Ying Xiong Xiao-Jun Zhang Ji-Xiang Guo The Unconventional oil and Gas Institute China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102200China

As an unconventional resource, oil shale possesses abundant reserves and significant potential for industrial applications. The rational and efficient development of oil shale resources holds immense importance in reducing national energy demand. In-situ catalytic technology, characterized by its high efficiency, low pollution, and minimal energy consumption, represents a key direction for future oil shale development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in in-situ oil shale mining technology, oil shale pyrolysis catalysts, the pyrolysis mechanism of kerogen, and the compatibility of different heating processes and catalysts. Furthermore, the paper proposes future research directions and prospects for oil shale in-situ catalytic technology, including reservoir modification, highefficiency catalyst synthesis, injection processes, and high-efficiency heating technology. These insights serve as valuable technical references for the advancement of oil shale in-situ catalytic technology.

关键词： oil shale In-situ catalytic technology Pyrolysis catalyst Kerogen pyrolysis mechanism

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Low-concentration and multi-component NMHCs capture from oil field exhaust using porous ZIF-8/iso-hexadecane slurry

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期5卷 245-256页

作者： Kun Li Han Tang Jin Cai Chun Deng Bei Liu Yunlei Peng Changyu Sun Guangjin Chen State Key Laboratory of Heavy oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Non-methane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)are a common type of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)pollutant in the petrochemical industry and have attracted widespread attention because of their adverse health effects and environmental *** this paper,we report a new porous slurry formed with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)and iso-hexadecane to capture the low-concentration and multi-component NMHCs(mainly ethane(C_(2)H_(6)),propane(C_(3)H_(8)),and n-butane(n-C_(4)H_(10)))from the oil field *** sorption capacity of C_(2)H_(6)in the slurry is significantly higher than that of nitrogen(N_(2))and methane(CH_(4)).Moreover,the slurry demonstrated a clear advantage for C_(2)H_(6)over N_(2)and CH_(4)in competitive adsorption through the pressure-drop *** the NMHCs capture experiments,the C_(3)H_(8)and n-C_(4)H_(10)concentrations after purification can be reduced to below 100 ppm,while the C_(2)H_(6)concentration can reach approximately 180 *** encouragingly,in the breakthrough tests,the slurry exhibits a perfect kinetic separation selectivity for multi-component ***,to avoid structural collapse of ZIF-8 material during long-term use in acidic and wet environments,a certain amount of 2-methylimidazole was retained in the slurry as a protective agent in the material synthesis *** this way,the ZIF-8 materials in the slurry can retain the stable characteristic structure in an aqueous and acidic environment and keep the capture capacity for NMHCs without *** believe the porous ZIF-8/iso-hexadecane slurry is a promising capture agent for low-concentration and multi-component NMHCs with strong purification capacity and stability.

关键词： VOCs capture NMHCs capture MOFs ZIF-8 Porous slurry

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Optimization method of fracturing fluid volume intensity for SRV fracturing technique in shale oil reservoir based on forced imbibition:A case study of well X-1 in Biyang Sag of Nanxiang Basin,China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2024年第3期51卷 674-683页

作者： JIANG Tingxue SHEN Ziqi WANG Liangjun QI Zili XIAO Bo QIN Qiuping FAN Xiqun WANG Yong QU Hai Sinopec Key Laboratory of Drilling Completion and Fracturing of Shale oil and Gas Beijing 102206China State Center Research and Development of oil Shale Exploitation Beijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Shale oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co. Ltd.Beijing 102206China Sinopec Henan oil-field Company Nanyang 473132China Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331China

An optimization method of fracturing fluid volume strength was introduced taking well X-1 in Biyang Sag of Nanxiang Basin as an *** characteristic curves of capillary pressure and relative permeability were obtained from history matching between forced imbibition experimental data and core-scale reservoir simulation results and taken into a large scale reservoir model to mimic the forced imbibition behavior during the well shut-in period after *** optimization of the stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)fracturing fluid volume strength should meet the requirements of estimated ultimate recovery(EUR),increased oil recovery by forced imbibition and enhancement of formation pressure and the fluid volume strength of fracturing fluid should be controlled around a critical value to avoid either insufficiency of imbibition displacement caused by insufficient fluid amount or increase of costs and potential formation damage caused by excessive fluid *** simulation results showed that SRV fracturing fluid volume strength positively correlated with single-well EUR and an optimal fluid volume strength existed,above which the single-well EUR increase rate kept *** optimized increase of SRV fracturing fluid volume and shut-in time would effectively increase the formation pressure and enhance well *** test results of well X-1 proved the practicality of established optimization method of SRV fracturing fluid volume strength on significant enhancement of shale oil well production.

关键词： shale oil horizontal well volume fracturing forced imbibition fracturing fluid intensity parameter optimization

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The utilization of spent palm cooking oil for formulating oil-based drilling muds with excellent H2S scavenging capability

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 280-288页

作者： Sagheer A.Onaizi Department of Chemical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy StorageKing Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals31261DhahranSaudi Arabia

In this study,a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H2S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first *** mud formulation,containing the spent palm oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase,respectively,was stabilized by Span 80 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant as primary and secondary emulsifiers,respectively,while hydrophobic zinc nanoparticles(NPs)were used as weighting *** results showed that H2S scavenging capacity at the breakthrough time reached 182.4 g H2S/barrel mud,which increased to 417.9 g H2S/barrel mud at the saturation time,demonstrating the effective H2S scavenging performance of the formulated *** spent palm oil-based mud(SPOBM)also showed a good flow behavior that could be well fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley and Casson *** effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the SPOBM has been investigated,and the fitting of the viscosity-temperature data provided an estimate of the activation energy as 23.53 kJ/*** findings reported in this article reveal the feasibility of transforming the spent/waste cooking oils into a valuable commodity for formulating greener drilling fluids with acceptable rheology and excellent H2S scavenging performance.

关键词： Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) oil-based mud(OBM)drilling fluids Spent palm oil H2S scavengers Rheology

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