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Endosulfan residues and farmers’replacement behaviors of endosulfan in the north-west inland cotton region

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 35-47页

作者： Shuyan Zhou Yang Zhang Jingjing Wang Shikun Cheng Fuyan Zhuo Yun Hong School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083China Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100035China united nations development programme in china Beijing 100600China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100125China

We assessed the situation of endosulfan residues in cotton fields after the endosulfan ban came into effect and the current knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)of cotton farmers on the phase-out of endosulfan and the application of alternative *** samples(n=91)of cotton fields were collected from the major cotton-producing areas in china,namely the north-west inland cotton region,and the endosulfan residues were analyzed.A KAP survey was carried out for cotton farmers,and 291 questionnaires were *** influences of gender,age,education background,cotton planting years,publicity and training,income sources,and other factors on cotton farmers’KAP were *** results showed that endosulfan sulfate was the main endosulfan residue in the soil,followed byβ-endosulfan andα-endosulfan,the average residual contents were 0.569,0.139,and 0.060μg/kg,*** results of the KAP study showed that cotton farmers scored low on knowledge about the phase-out of endosulfan and the application of alternative technologies but high on attitude and *** number of family members,years of cotton planting,age,and the cottonplanting area had different degrees of influence on KAP *** training could significantly improve the KAP scores of cotton farmers;training should be more targeted and designed reasonably for key groups,such as men and the population under 30,followed by training them to use pesticides *** large-scale cotton growers,training should focus on green prevention and control technologies.

关键词： Cotton fields Endosulfan residues Farmers KAP survey Replacement behaviours

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Off-farm employment,agriculture production activities,and household dietary diversity in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of Asia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 359-373页

作者： Yunli Bai Xuanye Zeng Chao Fu Linxiu Zhang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China united nations Environment programme-International Ecosystem Management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

Access to off-farm employment has been expected to be a critical approach to ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition,two important targets of achieving Zero *** study aims to investigate the role of off-farm employment in improving dietary diversity through substitution effect and complementary effect with agricultural production activities and income *** study adopts Poisson/Tobit/Probit/OLS regressions and the instrument variable method based on the primary survey data collected among 1,282 households at 12 sites in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of china,Nepal,Cambodia,Thailand,and Myanmar in *** results show that off-farm employment is positively associated with household dietary diversity and the consumption of flesh meat,fish and other aquatic animals,fruits,and milk and dairy products,which are rich in protein and *** results of mechanism analysis show that off-farm employment contributes to household dietary diversity by improving crop diversity,especially for poor households,boosting the probability of livestock raising for households with the middle one-third disposal income,and increasing household *** positive association between off-farm employment and household dietary diversity is much higher for households with the bottom one-third disposal income,low illiteracy,and from upper-middle income *** findings imply that off-farm employment does play a vital role in achieving multiple benefits of poverty alleviation,malnutrition reduction,and agrobiodiversity conservation in environmentally and economically vulnerable ***,it may enlarge the gaps in dietary diversity between households with low human capital and from low and lower-middle income countries and those with high human capital and from middle-high countries.

关键词： off-farm employment dietary diversity income effect substitution effect complementary effect

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Improving photochemical indicators for attributing ozone sensitivities in source apportionment analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 235-246页

作者： Xiaohui Du Wei Tang Zhongzhi Zhang Yang Yu Yang Li Ling Huang Greg Yarwood Fan Meng Atmospheric Environment Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100857China Asia Center for Air Pollution Research United Nations Environment Programme Asia and the Pacific OfficeNishi-kuNiigata-shi 9502144Japan School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Ramboll NovatoCalifornia 94945USA

Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions(CAMx)-Decoupled Direct Method(DDM)simulations of first-order ozone(O_(3))sensitivity to nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emissions were performed and combined with modelled P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratios to obtain a range of thresholds for determining O_(3)-sensitivity regimes for different areas of *** the new threshold ranges for photochemical indicators,the method for determining O_(3)formation in the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology(OSAT)module within CAMx was improved by a dynamically varied threshold of P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))*** O_(3)concentration contributions in the newly added transition regime were apportioned to NO_(x)and VOCs emissions in proportion to the relationship between the P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratio and first-order O_(3)*** source contributions of O_(3)concentrations from different emission sectors from June to September 2019 were compared using the original and improved *** results showed that the O_(3)concentration contributions changed significantly in the NO_(x)-limited regime,with a maximum decrease of 21.89%,while the contributions increased by up to 7.57%in the VOC-limited regime,and were within 15μg/m^(3)in the transition *** modified OSAT module enabled a more sophisticated attribution of O_(3)to precursor emissions and may have far-reaching implications for informing O_(3)pollution control policy.

关键词： O_(3) modeling O_(3)-sensitivity regimes Ozone source apportionment technology Photochemical indicators

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Tropical Cyclone Monitoring and Analysis Techniques: A Review

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 351-367页

作者： Chuanhai QIAN Ying LI Yinglong XU Xin WANG Zenghai ZHANG Gaozhen NIE Da LIU Shiwen ZHANG Institute for development and programme Design China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Meteorological Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Satellite Meteorological Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Tropical cyclones(TCs),including tropical depressions and different categories of typhoons,hurricanes,and cyclonic storms,mostly originate over the oceans in the absence of direct ***,detailed monitoring and analysis of TCs has always been an unsolved *** the recent 20 years,great changes have taken place in domestic and foreign TC monitoring techniques,imposing a significant impact on TC operations and *** new technologies and products gradually emerge to support operations,with improved monitoring *** this paper,the progress on TC monitoring and analysis via meteorological satellites,radars,and airplanes in china and the world is reviewed,compared,and summarized,with special focuses on multisatellite fusion observations,in situ aircraft measurements,and some unconventional observation equipment such as rockets,saildrones,and underwater *** this basis,the paper points out future directions for improving TC monitoring and analysis in aid of better TC forecast and early warning.

关键词： tropical cyclone(TC) monitoring and analysis meteorological satellite aircraft reconnaissance

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How the enhanced East Asian summer monsoon regulates total gross primary production in eastern china

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 244-252页

作者： Ming-Yu HAN Yong ZHANG Jing PENG china State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China china Meteorological Administration Institute for development and programme Design Beijing 100081China CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China

Recognizing the relationship between gross primary production(GPP)and precipitation in eastern china,the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)plays a crucial role in shaping *** confirmation of the strong link between EASM and GPP,there remains a notable research gap in understanding the specific impact of the EASM on GPP in different regions of eastern *** we used simulations from Trends in Net Land-Atmosphere Carbon Exchanges(TRENDY)models from 1951 to 2010 and divided eastern china into five subregions for the *** also used the New East Asian Summer Monsoon Index(NEWI)as a quantitative metric to distinguish between periods of strong and weak *** on this,this study aims to investigate the response of GPP in different subregions of eastern ***,under strengthened EASM years(1954,1957,1965,1969,1977,1980,1983,1987,1993 and 1998),East china experienced the most pronounced increase in GPP at 12±21(mean±1 sigma)gC m^(-2) mon^(-1) compared to the weak EASM years(1958,1961,1972,1973,1978,1981,1985,1994,1997 and 2004).In contrast,Southwest china showed a decline in GPP at-4±10 gC m^(-2) mon^(-1).Moreover,GPP also increased in Northeast and North china when EASM strengthened,while South china showed a decline in *** indicated that GPP changed with monsoon *** to the mechanism analysis,during strong EASM,there was intense moisture convergence through alterations in the atmospheric circulation field over East china and abundant precipitation,which further contributed to the increase in *** solar radiation in Southwest china decreased with EASM enhancement,which suppressed GPP and hindered vegetation ***,the results highlight the importance of accurately predicting the impact of different EASM intensities of regional carbon fluxes.

关键词： Gross primary production Surface air temperature Precipitation Solar radiation Eastern china Carbon cycle

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Regional Climate Damage Quantification and Its Impacts on Future Emission Pathways Using the RICE Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1843-1852页

作者： Shili YANG Wenjie DONG Jieming CHOU Yong ZHANG Weixing ZHAO Beijing Meteorological Observation Centre Beijing Meteorological BureauBeijing 100089China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519082China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101China CMA Institute for development and programme Design Beijing 100081China

This study quantified the regional damages resulting from temperature and sea level changes using the Regional Integrated of Climate and Economy(RICE)model,as well as the effects of enabling and disabling the climate impact module on future emission *** highlight varied damages depending on regional economic development and ***,china and Africa could suffer the most serious comprehensive damages caused by temperature change and sea level rise,followed by India,other developing Asian countries(OthAsia),and other high-income countries(OHI).The comprehensive damage fractions for china and Africa are projected to be 15.1%and 12.5%of gross domestic product(GDP)in 2195,with corresponding cumulative damages of 124.0 trillion and 87.3 trillion united States dollars(USD)from 2005 to 2195,***,the comprehensive damage fractions in Japan,Eurasia,and Russia are smaller and projected to be lower than 5.6%of GDP in 2195,with cumulative damages of 6.8 trillion,4.2 trillion,and 3.3 trillion USD,***,coastal regions like Africa,the European Union(EU),and OHI show comparable damages for sea level rise and temperature *** china,however,sea level-induced damages are projected to exceed those from temperature ***,this study indicates that switching the damage modules on or off affects the regional and global emission trajectories,but the magnitude is relatively *** 2195,global emissions under the experiments with all of the damage modules switched off,only the sea level damage module switched on,and only the temperature damage module switched on,were 3.5%,2.3%and 1.2%higher than those with all of the damage modules switched on,respectively.

关键词： climate damage integrated assessment model carbon emissions sea level rise temperature change

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Challenges and countermeasures for developing countries in addressing loss and damage caused by climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 353-363页

作者： Shuo LIU Yu-E LI Bin WANG An-Dong CAI Chao FENG Hua LAN Ruo-Chen ZHAO Institute of Environment and Sustainable development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China china Clean development Mechanism Fund Management Center Beijing 100045China School of International Law China University of Political Science and LawBeijing 100088China

Loss and damage caused by extreme climate events have attracted increasing *** 28th Conference of the Parties to the united nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter referred to as the Convention)has agreed to adopt Loss and Damage Fund agreement,which identified the source of funding and the funds to be entrusted to the World ***,there is still ambiguous that how to allocate the funds could accelerate the effectiveness of meeting the needs for developing ***-disaster prevention and preparedness is one of the most effective measures to deal with loss and damage,which closely related to *** studies rarely analyzed quantitatively the financial needs of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness relating to adaptation to reduce loss and *** on the official reports submitted by countries under the Convention,this study analyzes the annual change in the total financial support provided by developed countries to developing countries,the proportion of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness in the adaptation needs of developing countries,and the progress in raising the current annual funding target of 100 billion USD for developed countries,to reveal the financial and technical challenges facing by developing countries on addressing loss and *** results show that by 2030,the total adaptation financial needs of developing countries are estimated to be about 3.8 trillion USD,of which pre-disaster prevention matters account for about 9%.Therefore,by 2030,developing countries will need about 342 billion USD in pre-disaster prevention and preparedness finance to withstand loss and *** addition,developing countries face a lack of technical methods to quantify information about their *** on the above analysis,this study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions,including strengthening the allocation amount of loss and damage fund on pre-disaster warning,prevention and control actions,and

关键词： Loss and damage Funding mechanism Pre-disaster warning and preparedness Convention negotiations Countermeasures

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on artificial intelligence-assisted smartphone:A review

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 25-34页

作者： Yunxin Li Jinghui Zhang Jisen Chen Feng Zhu Zhiqiang Liu Peng Bao Wei Shen Sheng Tang School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore 169857Singapore

In recent years,the application of smartphone in various fields has received great attention,and it has become a promising tool in virus detection,data processing and data *** the rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world,many traditional detection methods have been combined with smartphone to assist in the analysis and detection of the novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2),including electrochemistry,fluorescence and *** the gradual development of artificial intelligence(AI),the combination of AI and smartphone to analyze SARS-CoV-2 was also the focus of *** on the summary of the traditional methods combined with smartphone to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus,in addition to AI-based data processing,AI algorithms are also employed for SARS-CoV-2 detection *** review discussed both strategies and focused on the application of the *** combination of AI algorithm and smartphone to detect SARS-CoV-2 has high accuracy,which is more conducive to meeting the needs of portable *** addition,the classification of SARS-CoV-2 virus samples in biological fluids such as blood and saliva was also ***,this paper briefly discussed the limitations of using smartphone analysis to detect SARS-CoV-2,as well as the prospect and future development of virus *** conclusion,the detection methods based on smartphone and AI algorithms show great potential in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and can be a valuable complement to traditional analysis methods.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 virus Detection method Smartphone analysis Artificial intelligence

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Stable ultraviolet ultrafast laser based on all-polarizationmaintaining fiber femtosecond laser

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第3期22卷 76-82页

作者：田昊朱喆林巍李子豪温俊鹏修昊范怡衡韦池一韦小明杨中民 School of Physics and Optoelectronics/State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied TechniquesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Research Institute of Future Technology South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

We report a high-stability ultrafast ultraviolet(UV)laser source at 352 nm by exploring an all-fiber,all-polarizationmaintaining(all-PM),Yb-doped femtosecond fiber laser at 1060 *** output power,pulse width,and optical spectrum width of the fiber laser are 6 W,244 fs,and 17.5 nm,*** UV ultrashort pulses at a repetition rate of 28.9 MHz are generated by leveraging single-pass second-harmonic generation in a 1.3-mm-long BiB_(3)O_(6)(BIBO)and sum frequency generation in a 5.1-mm-long *** maximum UV output power is 596 *** root mean square error of the output power of UV pulses is 0.54%.This laser,with promising stability,is expected to be a nice source for frontier applications in the UV wavelength window.

关键词： all-polarization-maintaining fiber ultrafast fiber laser UV laser

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The challenge of defining rare genetic programs by single-cell RNA sequencing:Insights from phloem studies

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 22-25页

作者： Xiaomin Liu Pawel Roszak YkäHelariutta State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China The Sainsbury Laboratory University of CambridgeCB21TN CambridgeUK Wood development Group University of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland

Single-cell RNA sequencing technology provides unprecedented opportunities to capture the spatiotemporal aspects of genetic programs that drive cell *** is a subtype of vascular tissue that is crucial for transporting sugars,proteins,and other organic *** critical role in the redistribution of carbon between photosynthetically active“source”organs(leaves,shoots)and“sink”tissues/organs incapable of fixing carbon(wood,storage organs,root system,etc.)has made phloem development and its transcriptional regulation a prime research focus.

关键词： organs sugar rare

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