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Situation and Strategies of the maternal and Infant health.in tunisia

Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2005年第1期16卷 57-64页

作者： Gueddana N Ghérissi A Esseghari R General director. National b.ard for Family and Population. tunisia unit of research on evaluation in health. département de médecine communautaire b. facultéde médecìnede tunis Tunisia International Training and research Centre on Reproductive health. National b.ard for Family and Population Tunisia

This paper presents then makes a retrospective and descriptive evaluation of the tunisian strategy implemented to reduce maternal and infant mortality and morb.dity. The ob.ectives of this b.b.iography work are to make a diagnosis of the situation of the maternal and infant mortality and morb.dity, to develop the philosophy and the orientations of the strategic axis and to underline the keys of the success as well as the limits of the strategy.

关键词： maternal mortality neonatal morb.dity monitoring maternal deaths causes of maternal deaths

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Event-b.sed Semantics of UmL 2.X Concurrent Sequence diagrams for Formal Verification

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2022年第1期37卷 4-28页

作者： Inès mouakher Fatma dhaou J.Christian Attiogb. faculty of Sciences of tunis University of Tunis El Manar1068TunisTunisia Institute of Technology University of Nantes44322NantesFrance

UmL 2.X sequence diagrams(Sd)are among privileged scenarios-b.sed approaches dealing with the complexity of modeling the b.haviors of some current ***,there are several issues related to the standard semantics of UmL 2.X Sd proposed b. the Ob.ect management Group(OmG).They mainly concern amb.guities of the interpretation of Sds,and the computation of causal relations b.tween events which is not specifically laid ***,Sd is a semi-formal language,and it does not support the verification of the modeled *** justifies the considerab.e numb.r of research studies intending to define formal semantics of UmL *** proposed in our previous work semantics covering the most popular comb.ned fragments(CF)of control-flow ALT,OPT,LOOP and SEQ,allowing to model alternative,optional,iterative and sequential b.haviors *** proposed semantics is b.sed on partial order theory relations that permit the computation of the precedence relations b.tween the events of an Sd with nested *** also addressed the issue of the evaluation of the interaction constraint(guard)for guarded CFs,and the related synchronization *** this paper,we first extend our semantics,proposed in our previous work;indeed,we propose new rules for the computation of causal relations for Sd with PAR and STRICT CFs(dedicated to modeling concurrent and strict b.haviors respectively)as well as their ***,we propose a transformational semantics in *** modeling approach emphasizes computation of causal relations,guard handling and transformational semantics into *** transformation of UmL 2.X Sd into the formal method Event-b.allows us to perform several kinds of verification including simulation,trace acceptance,verification of properties,and verification of refinement relation b.tween Sds.

关键词： UmL 2.X sequence diagram formal semantics nested comb.ned fragment partial order theory Event-b

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evaluation of rainwater harvesting and shrub.estab.ishment methods for sustainab.e watershed management in northern Afghanistan

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Journal of mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2346-2359页

作者： LOUHAICHI mounir HASSAN Sawsan GAmOUN mouldi SAFI Navin Ab.ALLAH mohamed A.b. ATES Serkan International Center for Agricultural research in the dry Areas(ICARdA) Tunis 1004Tunisia department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA International Center for Agricultural research in the dry Areas(ICARdA) Amman 11185Jordan Consultant-Field Assistant Mazar Sharif 1703Afghanistan

Watershed rangelands in Northern Afghanistan provide various ecosystem services that support the local people's livelihoods,b.t they are now highly degraded essentially due to the continuous high grazing pressure and recurrent *** of shrub.estab.ishment method enhanced b. water harvesting techniques to rehab.litate degraded rangelands have not b.en well *** main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of direct seeding and transplanting of seedlings in comb.nation with semi-circular b.nds on growth,yield,and survival rate of four shrub.species(Atriplex halimus,Atriplex nummularia,Atriplex lentiformis,andmaireana b.evifolia)under semi-arid conditions of Sayyad village,Khulm *** rate(%),plant height,width,and plant length(cm)and plant cover(%)were measured for each plant over five occasions.A non-destructive reference unit was used to estimate b.omass *** results showed that growth attrib.tes and b.omass production of shrub. were consistently greater in the transplanting compared to direct *** average,the plant length,width,height,volume,cover,and b.omass production of transplanted shrub. were greater than direct-seeded shrub. b. 24.3%,8.6%,8.7%,121.5%,13.8% and 34.1%,*** production of transplanted seedlings was the highest for ***(1313.5 g dm/plant)and ***(800 g dm/plant).There was a strong correlation b.tween plant b.omass production and plant volume(R^(2)_(Plant volume)=0.88)for the shrub.***,indicating that plant volume is a key variab.e for assessing b.omass production for this ***,the survival rate of *** was 100% in b.th planting methods,suggesting that b.sed on b.tter survival this halophytic plant has great potential when restoring degraded ***,on the b.sis of b.tter growth rates,yield,and survival,transplanting *** *** may enhance shrub.estab.ishment and contrib.te to the rehab.litation of slop

关键词： b.omass production Land degradation Rangeland rehab.litation Seed germination Shrub.survival Vegetation cover Water harvesting

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